Republic of the Philippines

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Name: Kylie B. Panaglima Course /Year/Section: Ab- English 1B

Date submitted: ______________________________________
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
Activity 2-QUIZ No. 1

APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT

In your own words, state what “self” is for each of the following philosophers.
After doing so, explain how your concept of “self” is compatible with how they
conceived of the “self”

1. SOCRATES

Socrates said that when we turn inward in search for self-knowledge, we would
eventually discover our true self. Viewed from this vantage point, the self is our
“inner being”. Now, because the soul or the self is the essence of the human
person, and because it constitutes our personality, Socrates urges us to take care of
our soul.
How my concept of self is compatible with how SOCRATES conceived the SELF?
Socrates was a devout believer in God, angels, the afterlife, and the immortal soul.
Socrates sees the Self as an "eternal spirit" passing through the Temporal Realm,
where all is transient. Socrates often said that a daimon summoned him to his
Dialogue vocation (angel). He raised the possibility that death was simply “nothing,”
but his actions extolled an eternal soul above his temporal appetites and emotions.
2. PLATO
Plato believes that the spirit is the self. The body and the spirit can be divided, as
we can see. In reality, Plato assumes that the soul is only temporarily housed in the
body. As a result, we have the idea in Plato's definition of the self that when a
human being dies, the soul departs from the body, leaving the latter to decompose.
How my concept of self is compatible with how PLATO conceived the SELF?
Plato echoed Socrates in almost everything he wrote. We see Plato extolling the
"Realm of Eternal Forms," of which our temporal, material universe of things is a
clumsy imitation, since Socrates wrote nothing and Plato wrote practically
everything we know about Socrates. The Divine World — the realm of the immortal
soul — is the Eternal Realm.
3. AUGUSTINE

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 What, according to Augustine's Confessions, is the'self'? Augustine's sense of self is
defined by his relationship to God, which includes both his acceptance of God's love
and his reaction to it, which he achieves by self-presentation and then self-
realization. Augustine believed that seeking God's love was the only way to attain
inner harmony.

How my concept of self is compatible with how AUGUSTINE conceived the SELF?
A well known Christian, interpreted religion by Greek philosophy, claiming that
heaven was the Eternal
Realm and that even Rome, as a temporal city, could not really be the City of God.
Some see a clear link
between Augustine and Plato in the concept of the immortal soul passing through
history within a
temporary body of temptations.

4. DESCARTES
Property, according to Descartes, is immaterial; it is the nature of a thing that really
matters.
As a result, it appears that his conclusion is not entirely sound. As a result, this is
what Descartes considers
the "self" to be: a thought thing, as mentioned above.

How my concept of self is compatible with how DESCARTES conceived the SELF?

Another Christian, the Doubt Process, was given to us. To find certainty, we must
doubt all, according to
Descartes. Do not believe in the existence of heaven. Doubt the existence of God.
Doubt the existence of
the Cosmos (i.e., it's just a dream). We can never doubt one reality, no matter how
hard we try: “I think
therefore I am.” This is due to the fact that doubting is a type of thinking. So, for
Descartes, the “Self” is
Transcendental and Absolute Certainty. This was his unique version of the eternal
soul.

5. HUME

Hume's idea of the self is not only different from, but also contradicts, that of
Descartes and other self-philosophers like Plato and Aristotle. This is due to Hume's
belief that there is no such thing as a "self." Let me clarify why the notion of the self
is an illusion for Hume. First, we must distinguish between the terms "soul" used by
Plato and Aristotle and "mind" used by Descartes.

How my concept of self is compatible with how DAVID HUME conceived the SELF?

Before delving into the problems of "the self," Hume's theory proposes that we first
consider our "impression" and "identity" of ourselves. As humans, we prefer to think
of ourselves as selves—stable structures that persist over time—but no matter how

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 closely we analyze our own perceptions, we never see anything other than a
sequence of transient events, according to Hume.
We cannot observe ourselves or what we are in a single way, according to Hume.
There is no holistic impression of the "self" that connects our individual impressions,
implying that we are never directly conscious of ourselves, but rather of what we
are feeling at the time. He explains that even though the relations between our
ideas, feelings and so on and so forth can be traced through time by memory, there
is no real evidence of any core that connects them in pure totality. He explains that,
while memory can be used to track the relationships between our thoughts,
emotions, and so on, there is no real proof of any center that binds them in entirety.
He explains that, while memory can be used to track the relationships between our
thoughts, emotions, and so on, there is no real proof of any center that links them in
pure time.

6. KANT

Kant believes that the noumenal self is the idealized person who is destined to be
perfect since she has in herself the godlike nature as belonging to the world of
understanding. Logically then, we can infer that for Kant, the noumenal self is the
human person’s real self. It is indeed the person’s true self.

How my concept of self is compatible with how KANT conceived the SELF?

I noticed that the self is divided into two parts, the inner and outer self, and that
these two parts are combined to form consciousness. On the one side, the senses
make up the outer self, while the inner self is responsible for feeling the
psychological state. Self, which co-occurs with Gilbert Ryle, is a phenomenon that
gives rise to a person's attitude and behavior and develops around mental
concepts.

7. RYLE
“The self is the way people behave,” says Gilbert Ryle. Our action is essentially
ourselves. The philosophical theory "I behave therefore I am" was born from this
idea. In a nutshell, the self is identical to bodily actions. Another Paul Churchland
idea is "the self is the brain." He said that his brain and self are one.

How my concept of self is compatible with how RYLE conceived the SELF?

I did a fast search on the internet. The contention of Gilbert Ryle against the idea
that the mind does not exist and therefore cannot be the seat of self. Ryle assumed
that one's sense of self is derived from one's behavior. We're all just a jumble of
habits brought on by the body's mechanics.

He is right, in my opinion.

As evidence is processed by memories, experience provides insight. Your

experience is shaped by your viewpoint. All knowledge passes through the
conscious mind, which stores and releases it as needed. The self is the culmination
of accumulated experiences.

8. MERLEAU-PONTY

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 The physical body, according to Maurice Merleau-Ponty, is an integral part of the
subjective self. This idea is diametrically opposed to rationalism and empiricism.
Rationalism claims that intelligence and self-awareness are founded on rationality
and mental intuition rather than actual senses and experience.

How my concept of self is compatible with how MERLEAU-PONTY conceived the

SELF?

I consider myself to be a person who is growing in body, mind, and spirit. By comparing what I believe to
what I can read, I'm thinking about changing my opinion from "I don't know" to "I think," with the caveat
"and still don't know." I know the sun will not rise tomorrow, for example, because the earth's rotation
on its axis covers the sun every evening.

In terms of self-respect, I have no regard for subjectivity. I'm only interested in rationalism and
empiricism for the purpose of doing educated research for a more attainable and better future. In order
to reach the-literal-truth, I want to explore the-objective-truth and new instruments for perceiving it.

Note: For teacher’s use only.

RUBRIC

TARGET ACCEPTABLE UNACCEPTABLE

In general HIGH LOW
16-20 10-15 9 4-8

Content _____ out of Interesting Some interesting Conventional Cursory; gives the
20 points content and content; points not ideas or clichés; impression of
presentation; sustained or not little supporting writing just to
ideas well- fully developed. detail included. complete the
conceived and assignment.
developed with
sufficient
examples.

10 7 4 1

Structure, _____ out of Logical Logical progression Gaps in logic or no Disorganized;

Logic and 10 points progression of of ideas but often transitions. appears to have
Transitions ideas with well- lacks transitions. been written as
executed thoughts occurred
transitions. to the writer.

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 10 7 4 1

Grammatical _____ out of Appropriate Confined to simpler Errors frequently Message is

Accuracy 10 points level of sentences or affect largely
complexity in structures with very comprehensibility, incomprehensible
syntax with very few errors OR or very basic due to inaccurate
few errors, if shows variety and types of errors grammar, which
any. complexity in (subject-verb alters or obscures
syntax with errors agreement; noun- it, OR reader
that do not affect adjective must know
comprehensibility. agreement, etc.) English to
comprehend
much of the
message.

TOTAL ______________

Note:
Submission: Those who will send their output on March 1, 2021 will
get additional 5 points
Output maybe submitted preferably through gmail.

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