Traffic Engineering and Transportation Planning Webinar 18 March 2022

TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL
AT
WORK ZONE
Hellon Ogallo, PhD, P.E.
Maryland Department of Transportation
State Highway Administration
Office of Traffic and Safety
• INTRODUCTION
• FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
WEBINAR • STANDARDS
OUTLINE • DEVICES
• COMPONENTS OF WORK
ZONE
•Function
•Need
Introduction
•Purpose
•Standards
•Provide safe movement for
road users
Function •Protect road user
•Provide access when normal
use of roads are suspended
• Construction
• New/Modification
• Replacement
Need • Maintenance
• Pavement/Striping
• Utility operation
• Power/water etc.
• Protect workers and road users
• Warn road users of potential
hazards
Purpose
• Delineate proper paths
• Specify no go areas within the
work zone
• Traffic Safety: Prioritize
• Routine inspection of
elements
• Trained personnel for
FUNDAMENTAL inspection
PRINCIPLES • Traffic Disruption: Minimize
• Road user’s guide: Clear &
Positive
• Ensure Roadside safety
• Public relationship
• During Planning
• Analyze work zone impacts and
lane closures
• During Installation
Prioritize • Design/Install as per the standard,
Traffic Safety approved plan & specification
• During Operation
• Work zone incident management
• Avoid second incident
• Log details/establish causes
• Design/Install devices as
permanent
Traffic • Minimize lane shifts/narrowing
Disruptions • Working hours
• Off peak
• Night
• Warning
• Road Work ½ Mile
• Delineation
Clear and • Use temporary concrete
Barriers
Positive Guide
for User
• Channelization
• Drums
• Cones
• Barricades
• Initial
• Drive through
• Observe traffic
Inspection of • Periodic
Elements • Observe problems
Inspection • Make corrections
Process • Emergency repairs
• Instruct crew
• Document
• Flagging Techniques
• Use of stop/slow paddles
Inspection of • TTC setup - prevailing speed
Elements
• Taper/Buffer lengths
• Standard Typical Application
• Channelizing devices
Common
• specification/reflective collars/
Problems spacing
• Pavement marking
• Roadside Recovery Area
• Equipment
• Work Vehicles
Roadside • Materials
Safety • Debris
• Use detectable surfaces
• Warning Surfaces
• Rumble
Trained • Plan Reviewers
Supervision • Traffic Managers
Personnel • Flaggers
Public Relation
• Emergency Services
•Police, fire, ambulance
• Schools
• Community Associations
• Media
•Newspapers, radio, TV
• Public Transportation
• Civic Groups
•The Manual On Uniform
Traffic Control Devices
•The Standard
Specification for
Construction and
STANDARDS Materials
•Manual for Assessing
Safety Hardware
•Book of Standards
•The Standard Sign Book
The Manual contains the basic
principles that govern the design and
use of traffic control devices for all
streets, highways, bikeways, and
private roads open to public travel
The manual is divided into 9 parts each
having various section. Part 6 of the
manual covers Temporary Traffic
Control
https://www.roads.maryland.gov/m
dotsha/pages/index.aspx?PageId=8
35
The Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices
Standard Specification for
Construction and
SECTION 104: MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC
Materials
This Section sets forth the traffic control
requirements necessary for the safe and
continuous maintenance of traffic throughout the
area affected by the work and is intended to
minimize inconveniences to the traveling public,
while providing for the safety of motorists,
pedestrians, and workers.
SECTION 104.03 — TEMPORARY RAISED
PAVEMENT MARKERS (RPMS)
• 104.03.01 DESCRIPTION:
• 104.03.02 MATERIALS:
• 104.03.03 CONSTRUCTION
• 104.03.04 MEASUREMENT AND
PAYMENT
Manual for Assessing Safety
Hardware
• The purpose of this manual is to
present uniform guidelines for the
crash testing of both permanent and
temporary highway safety features
and recommended evaluation criteria
to assess test results.
• The goal of a highway safety feature
is to provide a forgiving roadway and
roadside that reduces the risk of a
serious crash when a motorist leaves
the roadway
Book of Standards
Pedestrian Push
Button Assembly
The Standard
Sign Book
DEVICES
• Signs
• Channelizing Devices
• Pavement Markings
• Arrow Panels
• Portable Changeable Signs
• Traffic Signals
Traffic Control Devices (TCD)
Requirements
• Fulfill a Need
• Command Attention
• Convey a Clear and Simple Message
• Command Respect
• Give Adequate Time for Response
Sign and Supports
• Advice and Warn Road Users

• Use words, colors, shapes
and symbols
• Wood supports
• Portable Mounting
• Provides Existing Realistic and
Current Driving Conditions
• Cover, Remove or Turn down
Work Zone when not in use
Signs • Portable Changeable Message
Signs to Supplement Static
signs
• The use must be
APPROVED by
proper officials
• Double check before
INSTALLING or
REMOVING
Warning Signs
• Warning of Dangerous
Conditions
• Standard Size 48”X48”
• In work Zones
• Diamond Shape
• Orange Background
• Black Letters
Special Signs
Channelizing Devices
• Direct traffic to other lanes
• Drums commands more respect
and are more visible
• Guide along a safe paths
• May be Hazardous
• Cones are easier to transport
and store
• Close/Restrict Right of Way
Barricades • Used to mount signs
• Mark hazards
• Outlines construction area
• Channelize traffic
• Type I : low speed
• Type II: high speed
• Type II: Road Closure
• Stripes slopes down in the
direction traffic is to pass
Pavement Markings
White
Double white
Yellow
Double Yellow
Dotted
Portable Changeable
Message Signs
• Sign Messages must be
visible and legible from a
distance
• Typical: Three lines of text
• Maximum of two displays
• Supplements static signs
Arrow Panels
• Supplements Signs and
Channeling devices
• Used to close lanes
• For two-way roadway arrow
panels should be in the caution
mode
• Arrow panels should not be used
during flagging operation
• Cannot be used to direct traffic to
the opposite lane
• Should direct traffic to the proper
lane
Temporary Traffic Signals
• Except by police , flagging
shall not occur at signalized
intersections
• Traffic signals should be
turned to flashing mode or
turned off (dark mode)
during flagging
• Signal Heads should be
rearranged to accommodate
lane changes
TEMPORARY TRAFFIC
CONTROL ZONE: COMPONENTS
• Advance Warning Area
• Transition Area:
• Tapers
• Activity Area
• Buffers
• Lateral
• Longitudinal
• Termination Area
• Taper
• Longitudinal Buffer
Advance Warning
area
Sign # 1: Get Drivers
attention
Sign # 2 :Tell the driver
the problem to expect
Sign # 3:Instructs the
driver of the action to
be taken to avoid the
problem
Transition Area
• Traffic is moved out of the

original path using tapers
• Determine the Taper Length
Tapers
• Shoulder Taper (L/3): When
shoulder is closed
• Down Stream Taper (50 -100 feet):
taking traffic back to normal
travelling lane
• Merging Taper (L): When lane is
closed and the traffic on that lane
must merge with the traffic on the
adjacent lane
• Shifting Taper(L/2): When there is a
lateral shift, but the number of travel
lanes are not reduced
Activity Area
The location of:
• Actual work
• Workers
• Equipment
• Vehicles
• Material Storage
• Buffer Space is included in
this area
Buffers
• Separates road user from the work-
space or an unsafe area
• provides recovery space for errant
vehicles.
• This is not a space for work activity
or storage for equipment, material
or vehicles
• The table can be used to determine
the length of longitudinal buffers
• Use engineering judgement to
determine the width
Termination Area
•The section of the work zone where
road users are returned to their normal
driving path.
• The area extends from the
downstream end of the work area to
the END ROAD WORK signs.
•Taper and a buffer may be used as
determined by engineering judgement.
•If used the taper length ranges from
50-100 feet
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

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TEMPORARY TRAFFIC CONTROL

• Advice and Warn Road Users

• Traffic is moved out of the

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