CE PC 4216 Activity No.

4 June 24, 2022

Name: Algie P. Ejorango

Class Schedule: Friday (9:00-12:00 PM)

Direction: Solve the following problems. Show your complete solutions

1. Determine the peak hours, 4400 vehicles pass through a certain highway from 9:00 am to
11:00 am, with space mean speed of 20 kph. What is the average space headway per
vehicle?
Given:
N = 4400
t = 2 hrs.
SMS = 20 kph

 Solving for the value of k

N
q = SMS x k where q=
t
4400
=20 x k
2
k =110 veh /km
Solution:
 Solving the average space headway per vehicle
1
h s=
k
1
h s= ≈ 0.00909 km/veh Ans.
110

2. The following data were taken on five cars traversing a 2.4 km highway. Determine the
space mean method.

CAR TIME
(minutes)
A 1.3
B 1.1
C 1.4
D 1.0
E 1.2
Solution:
Given:
D = 1.5 km
1.3+ 1.1+1.4 +1.0+1.2
Ave . time=
5
Ave. time = 1.2 min

 Solving the space mean method

Distance
μs =
Ave . time
2.4 km
μs = (60 hr )
1.2 min
μs =120 kph Ans.
 3. The mathematical model N = 0.4x3 – 36x + 1000 approximates the number of accidents,
N, per 50 million miles driven, for drivers who are x years old. The formula applies to
driver’s ages 16 through 74, inclusive. How many accidents per 50 million miles driven,
are there for 20-years-old drivers?
Given:
N = 0.4x3 – 36x + 1000
x = 20 yrs. old
Solution:

 Accidents per 50 million miles are there for 20 years old drivers:
N(x) = 0.4x3-36x+1000
N(20) = 0.4(20)3 – 36(20) +1000
N(20) = 3480 Ans.
Thus,
There are 3480 accidents per 50 million miles for 20 year old drivers.

4. A test vehicle moving at 40 kph was stopped by applying the brakes and the length of the
skid mark was 12.2 m. If the average skid resistance of the level pavement is known to be
0.70, determine the brake efficiency of the test vehicle.
Given :
100
V = 40 kph = m/s
9
l = 12.2 m
f = 0.70
Solution:
 Solve for bracking efficiency
2
V
η=
2 gfl
where:
v = velocity of vehicle
l = length of skidding
f = average skid resistance
η=brake effieciency
g = gravitational acceleration
V2
η=
2 gfl

¿
( )
100 2
9
2(9.81)( 0.70)(12.2)
η=0.7368 ≈ 73.68 % Ans.

5. A car was travelling at a speed of 80 kph. The driver saw a roadblock 80 m ahead and
stepped on the brake causing the car to decelerate uniformity at 10 m/sec 2. Assuming
perception-reaction time is 2 seconds, determine the distance from the roadblock to the
point where the car stopped in meters.
Given:
v = 80 kph = 22.222 m/s
l = 80 m
t = 2 sec
 a = 10 m/sec2
Solution:
 Solve the distance from the roadblock, s
' v2
s=l − - - - - - - - - - - eq. 1
2a

 Solve for l’
l’ = l – vt
= 80 - 22.22(2)
l’ = 35.56 m

Formula in eq. 1
2
' v
s=l −
2a
2
(22.22)
¿ 35.56−
2(10)
s=10.87 m Ans.

6. Determine minimum stopping sight distance on -3.5% for a design speed of 110 km/h?
Coefficient of friction = 0.28
Given:
G = - 3.5%
f = 0.28
v = 110 km/h = 30.556 m/s
Note: t = 2.5 sec, for safe design
Solution:
 Solving the minimum stopping sight distance
2
v
SSD min =vt +
2 g( f ±G)
(30.556)2
SSD min =30.556(2.5)+
2(9.81)(0.28−3.5 %)
SSD min =78.94 m Ans.

7. Applying full brakes at a speed of 60 kph, the car traveled 40 m until it stopped.
Determine the average skid resistance.
Given:
u = 60 km/h = 16.67 m/s
L = 40 m
Solution:
 For average skid resistance, f

2
u
L=
2 gf
where :
L = length of skid mark
f = skid resistance
g = acceleration due to gravity
u = initial velocity
 ( 4.704)2
L=
2 gf
2
(16.67)
f=
2(9.81)(8)
f = 1.77 Ans.

8. Find the headlight distance for a speed of 65 kph. Given f = 0.36, t= 2.5 second.
Given:
V = 65 kph = 16.667 m/s
f = 0.36
t = 2.5 s
Solution:
 Solving the headlight sight distance

2
v
Headlight sight distance = vt +
2 gf
16.6672
= 16.667(2.5)+
2(9.81)(0.36)
Headlight sight distance = 80.997 m Ans.

9. Calculate the required thickness of a rigid pavement carrying a wheel load of 54 kN, if
the allowable tensile stress of concrete is 1.6 MPa. Neglect the effect of dowels or tie
bars.

Solution:
 Solve the thickness of rigid pavement without dowels
t=
3W
f√
¿
√
3 x 54,000
1.6
t = 318.198 mm Ans.

10. Compute the thickness of a flexible pavement for a wheel load of 50 kN, if the allowable
bearing pressure on the base of the pavement is 0.15 MPa and the equivalent radius of the
contact area of the tires is equal to 165 mm.

Given:
f1= 0.15 MPa
r = 165 mm

Solution:
 Solve the thickness of flexible pavement
t=
W
πf1 √
−r

¿
√
50 , 000
π (0.15)
−165
t = 160.735 mm Ans.