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Class 6 NCERT Polity Chapter 8: Rural Livelihoods

The document describes rural livelihoods in the village of Kalpattu. It notes that the village has a variety of occupations including blacksmiths, teachers, shopkeepers, and traders. Most families earn a living through agriculture, growing rice as the main crop. It also discusses that nearly two-fifths of rural families in India are agricultural laborers. Many are landless and work on larger landowners' fields. Inequality exists between small farmers/laborers and larger landowners.

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547 views9 pages

Class 6 NCERT Polity Chapter 8: Rural Livelihoods

The document describes rural livelihoods in the village of Kalpattu. It notes that the village has a variety of occupations including blacksmiths, teachers, shopkeepers, and traders. Most families earn a living through agriculture, growing rice as the main crop. It also discusses that nearly two-fifths of rural families in India are agricultural laborers. Many are landless and work on larger landowners' fields. Inequality exists between small farmers/laborers and larger landowners.

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Class 6 NCERT Polity Chapter 8

Rural Livelihoods
Kalpattu village

• People in Kalpattu village are involved in different professions


such as blacksmiths, teachers, washer men, weavers, barbers,
mechanics, shopkeepers and traders.

→ There are also some shopkeepers and traders.

→ There are variety of small shops such as tea shops, grocery


shops, barber shops, a cloth shop, a tailor and two fertiliser and
seed shops.

• Most of the families earn a


living through agriculture.

• Paddy is the main crop that


is grown in irrigated lands. Instagram
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Rural Livelihoods

• Nearly two-fifth of all rural families are agricultural labourers in India.

• There are some who have small plots of land while others are landless.

→ People do not have their own land, work on the fields of larger landowners to
earn their living.

• In India, 80 percent of farmers have small sized lands and only 20 percent of
large farmers cultivate most of the land in the villages.

• Many of large farmers have started other businesses such as shops,


moneylending, trading, small

factories etc.

• Apart from farming, many people in rural areas depend upon collection from
the forest, animal

husbandry, dairy produce, fishing etc.

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• Rural people in different regions of the country grow different
crops. 

→ But there are various similarities in their life situations and in


the problems that they face.

• Some families in rural areas which thrive on large acres of


lands, business and other activities.

• Most small farmers, agricultural labourers, fishing families,


crafts persons in the villages do not find enough work to keep
them employed throughout the year.

• Farmers often borrow money from traders and moneylenders


to buy seeds and fertilisers.

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Q.1) You have probably noticed that people in Kalpattu
are engaged in a variety of non-farm work. List five of
these.

Answer

Five non-farm work of people in Kalpattu village:

(i) Making baskets, utensils,  pots,  bricks, bullock-


carts etc.

(ii) Blacksmiths

(iii) Nursing

(iv) Teaching

(v) Shop-keeping

(vi) Trading

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2. List the different types of people you read about in Kalpattu
who depend on farming. Who is the poorest among them and
why?

Answer

Different types of people who depend on farming are:

(i) Big landowner

(ii) Small landowners or Farmers

(iii) Landless farmers or Labourers

Landless farmers or labourers are the poorest among them


because they have seasonal earning. They always have to look for
work at other places after harvesting period is over and also paid
very less. They do not have fix income and sometimes they went
without work. Hence, in the chapter Thulasi is the poorest.
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3. Imagine you are a member of a fishing family
and you are discussing whether to take a loan
from the bank for an engine. What would you say?

Answer

If i were a member of a fishing family then i must


have taken loan from the bank for an engine to
improve and to invest in the growth of the business.
The engine is very costly and bank is a trusted
institution from where we can borrow money. They
have fixed terms and rates. They will not ask for
shares in our profit and are reliable. Moreover,
buying an engine will increase the income. Instagram
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4. Poor rural labourers like Thulasi often do not have access to
good medical facilities, good schools, and other resources. You
have read about inequality in the first unit of this text. The
difference between her and Ramalingam is one of inequality. Do
you think this is a fair situation? What do you think can be done?
Discuss in class.

Answer

The situation is not fair in aspects of constitution of India. The


constitution grants every person to be equal in terms of the provision
of the facility. However, to be access to good medical facilities, good
schools, and other resources there are many factors which can be
responsible. A person might have worked very hard and earned
money to provide himself good facilities rather than the others. But, it
is also the duty of the government to ensure atleast the good basic
facilities to every citizen of the country irrespective of their income.
The government can provide them loan for work, farming land, low
cost fertilisers and seeds, setting up hospitals etc. to help them. Instagram
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5. What do you think the government can do to help
farmers like Sekar when they get into debt? Discuss.

Answer

The government can do following things to help farmers


like Sekar when they get into debt:

(i) Provision of easy farming loans from the banks at low


rate of interest.

(ii) Insurance of their cultivation.

(iii) Provision of subsidised fertilizers, pesticides and


HYV seeds.

(iv) Farming schools and help should be provided at no


cost.
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6. Compare the situation of Sekar and Ramalingam by filling out the following table:

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