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TutorialMatrices2 - With Answers

This document provides answers to questions about matrices. Question 1 asks which of several matrices are in row-echelon or reduced row-echelon form. Question 2 solves systems of equations by writing them as augmented matrices and performing Gaussian elimination. Question 3 inverts several matrices both using the formula for matrix inversion and row operations. Question 4 writes several quadratic forms in the form xT Ax for a symmetric matrix A.

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50 views

TutorialMatrices2 - With Answers

This document provides answers to questions about matrices. Question 1 asks which of several matrices are in row-echelon or reduced row-echelon form. Question 2 solves systems of equations by writing them as augmented matrices and performing Gaussian elimination. Question 3 inverts several matrices both using the formula for matrix inversion and row operations. Question 4 writes several quadratic forms in the form xT Ax for a symmetric matrix A.

Uploaded by

Lex
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tutorial 10 - Matrices 2 Page 1 of 3

Tutorial 10 - Matrices 2
Questions with Answers

1. Which of the following matrices are in row-echelon, reduced row-echelon form


or neither?
 
1 0 0 5    
1 − 7 5 5 1 0 3 1
(i) 0 0 1 3 (ii) (iii)
0 1 3 2 0 1 2 4
0 1 0 4
   
1 5 −3 1 0 0 5  
0 0
(iv) 0 1 1  (v) 0 1 0 4 (vi)
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 3

Answer
The matrices (ii), (iii), (iv), (iv) and (iv) are in row-echelon form.

The matrices (iii), (iv) and (iv) are in reduced row-echelon form.

2. By writing the following systems of equations as augmented matrices and


using Gaussian elimination, find the solution sets of the following systems of
equations
a) x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 8
− x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 = 1
3x1 − 7x2 + 4x3 = 10

b) 2x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = 0


−2x1 + 5x2 + 2x3 = 1
8x1 + x2 + 4x3 = −1

c) x − y + 2z − w = −1
2x + y − 2z − 2w = −2
− x + 2y − 4z + w = 1
3x − 3w = −3

101MP Algebra [email protected]


Tutorial 10 - Matrices 2 Page 2 of 3

Answer
a) The reduced row echelon form is
 
1 0 0 3
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 2
so the only solution is x1 = 3, x2 = 1 and x3 = 2.

b) The reduced row echelon form is


 
1 0 3/7 −1/7
0 1 4/7 1/7 
0 0 0 0
The solutions are of the form x3 = s, x2 = 1/7 − 4s/7 and x1 = −1/7 − 3s/7.

c) The reduced row echelon form is


 
1 0 0 −1 −1
0 1
 −2 0 0 
0 0 0 0 0 
0 0 0 0 0
So the solutions take the form w = s, z = t, y = 2t and x = s − 1.

3. Invert the following matrices


     
1/5 1/5 −2/5 k1 0 0 0 0 k1
(i) 1/5 1/5 1/10 (ii)  0 k2 0  (iii)  0 k2 0 
1/5 −4/5 1/10 0 0 k3 k3 0 0

a) by using the formula for matrix inversion, and

b) by using row operations.

Answer
The inverses are
k− 1
0 k− 1
    
1 3 1 1 0 0 0 3
(i)  0 1 −1 (ii)  0 k−2
1
0  (iii)  0 k−
2
1
0 
−2 2 0 −1 −1
0 0 k3 k1 0 0

101MP Algebra [email protected]


Tutorial 10 - Matrices 2 Page 3 of 3

4. Write the following quadratic forms in the form xt Ax, for a symmetric matrix A.

(i) x2 − y2 (ii) − x2 + 2xy − y2


(iii) x2 + xy − y2 (iv) 2xy + 2yz + 2zx

Answer

   
1 0 −1 1
(i) (ii)
0 −1 1 −1
 
  0 1 1
1 1/2
(iii) (iv) 1 0 1
1/2 −1
1 1 0

101MP Algebra [email protected]

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