Chapter 5 – Straight line graphs

Example 1 – Work our gradient given two points Example 7 – Finding the equation of a straight line Example 12 – Finding the equations of perpendicular lines

Work out the gradient of the line joining (−2, 7) and (4, 5) Find the equation of the line that passes through the points (5, 7) and A line is perpendicular to the line 2y − x − 8 = 0 and passes through the point
(3, −1). (5, −7).
Find the equation of the line.
Example 2 – Calculations with gradients
Example 8 – Finding the equation of a straight line
The line joining (2, −5) to (4, a) has gradient −1. Work out the value of a.
Example 13 – Working out the distance between two points
The line y = 3x − 9 meets the x-axis at the point A. Find the equation of the
2 Find the distance between (2, 3) and (5, 7).
line with gradient that passes through point A. Write your answer in the
3
Example 3 – Alternative forms of straight-line equations form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are integers.
Write down the gradient and y-intercept of these lines:
Example 14 - Working out distances and areas
a. y = −3x + 2 b. 4x − 3y + 5 = 0
Example 9 – Finding the equation of a straight line The straight line l1 with equation 4x − y = 0 and the straight line l2 with
equation 2x + 3y − 21 = 0 intersect at point A.
The lines y = 4x − 7 and 2x + 3y − 21 = 0 intersect at the point A. The point
Example 4 – Alternative forms of straight-line equations a. Work out the coordinates of A.
B has coordinates (−2, 8). Find the equation of the line that passes through
the points A and B. Write your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0, where a, b b. Work out the area of triangle AOB where B is the point where l2 meets
Write these lines in the form ax + by + c = 0 and c are integers. the x-axis.
Chapter 5
1
a. y = 4x + 3 b. y = − x + 5
2

Example 10 – Equations of perpendicular lines Example 15 – Modelling using straight line graphs
Example 15
Example 5 – Intersections with axes A line is parallel to the line 6x + 3y − 2 = 0 and it passes through the point The graph shows the extension,
(0, 3). Work out the equation of the line. E, of a spring when different E

Extension of spring (cm)

The graph shows the extension, E, of a spring
The line y = 4x − 8 meets the x-axis at the point P. masses, m, are attached to the 25
when different masses, m, areend
attached to the end
of the spring. 20
Work out the coordinates of P. of the spring. a. Calculate the gradient, k, of 15
Example 11 – Testing for prepedicularity or parallelism
a Calculate the gradient, k, of the
the line.
line. 10
b Write
Work out whether these pairs of lines are parallel, perpendicular an equation linking b.
or neither: an equation linking E
Writem.
E and 5
Example 6 – Finding the equation of a straight line 1 and m. 0
a. 3x − y − 2 = 0 b. y = x c Explain what the value of k represents in this 0 100 200 300 400 m
2 c. Explain what the value of k
Find the equation of the line with gradient 5 that passes through the point x + 3y − 6 = 0 2x − y + 4 = 0 situation. Mass on spring (grams)
(3, 2). represents in this situation.

20 − 0 Use any two points on the line to calculate the

a slope = _______
400 − 0 gradient. Here (0, 0) and (400, 20) are used.
20 1
= ____ = ___
400 20
Simplify the answer.
1
PEUK A2339e | Version 1.0 | Pearson Edexcel | Sep 2020 | DCL1: Public So k = ___