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Dna Computing: Assignment 1

DNA computing uses DNA molecules rather than silicon chips to perform computations. It works by using DNA strands that can be triggered to bind together to create logic gates in test tubes, with inputs displacing outputs. This allows circuits of many gates to be combined. DNA computing has massive parallel processing power, with a cubic centimeter theoretically performing 10 trillion calculations and storing 10 terabytes of data. However, each operation is slower than regular computing which uses binary digits and logic gates on silicon chips. DNA computing also differs in using nucleic acids for storage versus semiconductors, and solving biochemical operations rather than just logical ones.

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99 views4 pages

Dna Computing: Assignment 1

DNA computing uses DNA molecules rather than silicon chips to perform computations. It works by using DNA strands that can be triggered to bind together to create logic gates in test tubes, with inputs displacing outputs. This allows circuits of many gates to be combined. DNA computing has massive parallel processing power, with a cubic centimeter theoretically performing 10 trillion calculations and storing 10 terabytes of data. However, each operation is slower than regular computing which uses binary digits and logic gates on silicon chips. DNA computing also differs in using nucleic acids for storage versus semiconductors, and solving biochemical operations rather than just logical ones.

Uploaded by

Shaheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DNA COMPUTING

ASSIGNMENT 1

Submitted to: Sir’ Muhammad Qasim


Submitted by: Aleena Amjad
Reg id: 180389
BCE VIII-A
How DNA computing is different from regular computing?

DNA Computing
DNA computing, the performing of computations using biological molecules, rather
than traditional silicon chips. The challenge for DNA computing is that compared to classical
computing, it is achingly slow. Evolution has had hundreds of millions of years to develop
the complicated sequence of DNA that exists inside each and every one of our cells so that
DNA is used to working according to geological timescales, not the multiple gigahertz of
modern classical processors.
 How does it work?
Traditional computers use a series of logic gates that transform different inputs into a
predictable output. For example, a transistor is turned on or off by the input of high or low
voltage. With DNA, the way the molecules can be triggered to bind with each other can be
used to create a circuit of logic gates in test tubes. In one method, DNA Strand Displacement
the input of DNA that binds to a DNA logic gate displaces a strand of DNA that serves as the
output. Many gates can be combined in a circuit: each output DNA will bind to the next logic
gate until some predictable terminal output strand is liberated.
In another method, input DNA can bind to a DNA logic gate and active naturally
occurring enzymes, such as polymerases and nucleases to cut strands of DNA. These can
then bind with other strands in a continuing series of reactions or show a fluorescent output
signal.
 Advantages:
Storage:

Over 10 trillion DNA molecules can be squeezed into a single cubic centimetre. This
cubic centimetre of material could theoretically perform 10 trillion calculations at once and
hold as much as 10 terabytes of data

Parallel computational power:

DNA computers’ massively parallel computational power can give them the ability to
seek solvable approaches to otherwise difficult issues, and possibly speed up massive, but
otherwise possible to solve, polynomial-time problems commonly used to increase few
procedures.
Low power consumption:

The DNA machine also has very low power consumption, and if it is mounted within the cell
this would not need much energy to work and its energy-efficiency is much more than a
thousand times that of a PC.

Regular Computing

Regular/Conventional computing are the computers that are focusing on the classical
principle that electric networks are either on or off in one state at a particular time. In the
conventional computing the storage and the processing of information is dependent on the bit
0 for the low and 1 for the high voltage and on networks and computational devices.
In conventional computers, data processing is done in Central Processing Unit or
CPU, which consists of Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), processor registers and a control
unit.

How it is different from regular or conventional way of computing?

 Storage medium:
The storage media for DNA computers pr computing is nucleic acids while for regular or
conventional computers or computing is semiconductors.
 Memory capacity:
Memory capacity of DNA computers are ultra-high as they will be able to save trillions of
DNA molecules which will be holding tons of data. While in case of regular computing the
memory capacity is high but not as high as DNA computers. Cubic centimetre of DNA could
theoretically perform 10 trillion calculations at once and hold as much as 10 terabytes of data.
 Operators:
DNA computing solves biochemical operations (radioactive tracing, metabolism,
programmed cell death) as well as network biocomputing using biochips and Regular
computing solves logical operations like AND, OR, NOT etc.
 Speed of each operation:
Though DNA technology (nanotechnology) can solve trillions of calculations in parallel but
the speed of each operation is comparatively low as compared to the regular computing or
conventional computers.
 Coding:
Genetic coding is represented by the letters A, T, C and G while coding in regular computational
language use basic bits of 0 and 1.

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