2019 wlis finaluri gamocdis bileTis nimuSis pasuxi

albaTobis Teoriasa da maTematikur statistikaSi

Teoriuli sakiTxebi
1. xdomilebaTa damoukideblobis ori ganmarteba, wyvil-wyvilad da erToblivad
damoukidebloba.
A da B xdomilebas ewodeba damoukidebeli Tu:
I) P( A | B) = P( A) ; II) P( A  B) = P( A) P( B) .
xdomilebaTa erTobliobas A1 , A2 ,..., An ewodeba wyvil-wyvilad damoukidebeli
Tu: P( Ai  A j ) = P( Ai )  P( A j ), i  j .
xdomilebaTa erTobliobas A1 , A2 ,..., An ewodeba erToblivad damoukidebeli
Tu  2  k  n , i1  i2    ik : P( Ai1  Ai2      Aik ) = P( Ai1 )  P( Ai2 )    P( Aik ) .

2. puasonis ganawilebis kanoni (ganmarteba) da ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi (lodini,

dispersia, moda).
puasonis ganawileba parametriT  aRiniSneba simboloTi Po ( ) da ganimarteba:
k
P{Po( ) = k} =e−  , k = 0, 1, 2, . . . . ; EPo ( ) =  ; DPo ( ) =  ; MoPo ( ) = [ ] − 1 .
k!
3. dawereT ndobis intervali normaluri populaciis saSualosaTvis ucnobi dis-
persiis SemTxvevaSi (TiToeuli sididis miTiTebiT).
1 −  saimedoobis (  mniSvnelovnebis donis mqone) ndobis intervals normaluri
populaciis saSualosaTvis ucnobi dispersiis SemTxvevaSi aqvs saxe:
s' s'
( x − t n −1, / 2  , x + t n −1, / 2  ), (1)
n n
sadac n aris SerCevis moculoba, s ' aris Sesworebuli SerCeviTi standartuli
1 n x +    + xn
gadaxra _ s ' = 
n − 1 i =1
( xi − x) 2 (romelSic x SerCeviTi saSualoa _ x = 1
n
), xo-

lo t n−1, / 2 aris Tavisuflebis n − 1 xarisxis mqone stiudentis ganawilebis zeda  / 2

-kritikuli wertili.

4. hipoTezis Semowmeba normaluri populaciis saSualosaTvis cnobili dispersiis

SemTvevaSi (kriteriumi marjvena calmxrivia).
populacia normaluria   N (a,  2 ) , D =  2 cnobilia, E ucnobia. ZiriTadi
hipoTeza: H 0 : E = a0 , alternatiuli hipoTeza: H1 : E = a1  a0 . kriteriumis statistika
X − a0
da misi ganawilebis kanoni: Z =  N (0,1) . mniSvnelovnebis done:  . kritikuli
/ n
wertili: C.V . = z . aq z _ standartuli normaluri ganawilebis zeda  -kritikuli
wertilia. kritikuli are: C.R. = [ z ,+) .
gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi: Tu kriteriumis dakvirvebuli mniSvneloba T.V. 
C.R., maSin H 0 hipoTezas ukuvagdebT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi amis safuZveli ara gvaqvs.

praqtikuli amocanebi

1. CanTaSi devs 6 wiTeli da 4 mwvane kalkulatori. iReben or kalkulators dabru-

nebis gareSe. ipoveT albaToba imisa, rom: a) orive kalkulatori wiTelia; b) orive
mwvanea; g) zustad erTi kalkulatori wiTelia; d) erTi kalkulatori mainc wiTelia;
e) meore kalkulatori wiTelia.
 amoxsna. SemoviRoT xdomilebebi: A _ pirveli kalkulatori wiTelia, B _ meore
2
kalkulatori wiTelia. am SemTxvevaSi |  |= A10 = 90 .
a) P( AB ) = A62 / A10
2
= 1/ 3 ;
b) P( AB) = A42 / A10
2
= 2 / 15 ;
2
g) P( AB  AB) = P( AB) + P( AB) = (6  4 + 4  6) / A10 = 8 / 15 ;
d) P[( AB)] = 1 − P( AB) = 1 − A42 / A102
= 13 / 15 ;
6 5 4 6
e) P( B) = P( A) P( B | A) + P( A) P( B | A) =  +  = 3 / 5 .
10 9 10 9
amoxsna dendrogramebiT.
w
5/9

4/9
6/10
5/9 mw

w
4/10
6/9
mw

3/9
mw

6 5 1
a) P(I - w; II - w) =  = ;
10 9 3
4 3 2
b) P(I - mw; II - mw) =  = ;
10 9 15
6 4 4 6 8
g) P(I - w; II - mw an I - mw; II - w) =  +  = ;
10 9 10 9 15
4 3 13
d) P(erTi mainc wiTelia) = 1 − P(orive mwvanea ) = 1 − P(I - mw; II - mw) = 1 −  = ;
10 9 15
4 6 6 5 3
e) P(meore wiTelia) = P(I - mw; II - w an I - w; II - w) =  +  = .
10 9 10 9 5

1*. agdeben or saTamaSo kamaTels. Tu cnobilia, rom erT kamaTelze aRmoCnda 4 qu-
la, maSin ras udris albaToba imisa, rom: a) meore kamaTelze aRmoCndeba 5 qula? b)
meore kamaTelze mosuli qula naklebi iqneba 4-ze? g) orive kamaTelze mosuli ja-
muri qula meti iqneba 7-ze?
amoxsna. am SemTxvevaSi |  |= 6  6 = 36 . SemoviRoT xdomilebebi: A _ erT kamaTelze
aRmoCnda 4 qula, B _ meore kamaTelze aRmoCndeba 5 qula, C _ meore kamaTelze
mosuli qula naklebia 4-ze, D _ orive kamaTelze mosuli jamuri qula metia 7-ze.
cxadia, rom:
A = {( 4,1); (4,2);...; (4,6); (1,4); (2,4); (3,4); (5,4); (6,4)} , | A |= 11 ;
AB = {(5,4); (4,5)} , | AB |= 2 ;
AC = {( 4,1); (4,2); (4,3); (1,4); (2,4); (3,4)} , | AC |= 6 ;
AD = {( 4,4); (4,5); (4,6); (5,4); (6,4)} , | AD |= 5 .
a) P( B | A) = P( AB) / P( A) = (2 / 36) /(11 / 36) = 2 / 11 ;
 b) P(C | A) = P( AC ) / P( A) = (6 / 36) /(11 / 36) = 6 / 11 ;
g) P( D | A) = P( AD) / P( A) = (5 / 36) /(11 / 36) = 5 / 11 .
2. moyvaruli sinoptikosis Teoriis Tanaxmad Tu erT wels iyo wyaldidoba, maSin
albaToba imisa, rom igi ganmeordeba momdevno wels aris 0.7, xolo Tu erT wels ar
iyo wyaldidoba, maSin albaToba imisa, rom igi ar iqneba momdevno wels aris 0.6.
gasul wels wyaldidoba ar yofila. ipoveT albaToba imisa, rom wyaldidoba iqneba:
a) momdevno sam weliwads zedized; b) zustad erTjer momdevno sami wlis ganmavlo-
baSi.
amoxsna. SemoviRoT xdomilebebi: Fi _ wyaldidoba iyo i -ur weliwads. cnobi-
lia, rom P( Fi +1 | Fi ) = 0.7 da P( F i +1 | Fi ) = 0.6 . Sesabamisad, sawinaaaRmdego xdomilebis
pirobiTi albaTobebi iqneba: P( F i +1 | Fi ) = 0.3 da P( Fi +1 | Fi ) = 0.4 . saZiebelia: a)
P( Fi +1Fi + 2 Fi + 3 | Fi ) = ? da b) P[( Fi +1 F i + 2 F i + 3 )  ( F i +1Fi + 2 F i + 3 )  ( F i +1 F i + 2 Fi + 3 ) | Fi ] = ? .
namravlis albaTobis formulis Tanaxmad gvaqvs:
a) P( Fi +1Fi + 2 Fi + 3 | Fi ) = P( Fi +1 | Fi ) P( Fi + 2 | Fi Fi +1 ) P( Fi + 3 | Fi Fi +1Fi + 2 ) = 0.4  0.7  0.7 = 0.196 ;
analogiurad,
b) P[( Fi +1 F i + 2 F i + 3 )  ( F i +1Fi + 2 F i + 3 )  ( F i +1 F i + 2 Fi + 3 ) | Fi ] = P[( Fi +1 F i + 2 F i + 3 ) | Fi ] +
+ P[( F i +1Fi + 2 F i + 3 ) | Fi ] + P[( F i +1 F i + 2 Fi + 3 ) | Fi ] = 0.4  0.3  0.6 + 0.6  0.4  0.3 + 0.6  0.6  0.4 = 0.288 .
SeniSvna. SegiZliaT ar daweroT arcerTi formula da amoxsnaT dendrogramebis
gamoyenebiT.
amoxsna dendrogramebiT. SemoviRoT xdomilebebi: F _ iyo (iqneba) wyaldidoba,
F _ ar iyo (ar iqneba) wyaldidoba.
0.7

0.3
0.7
0.4
0.4 0.3 0.6

0.4 0.7
0.6

0.6 0.3

0.4

0.6

a) P = 0.4  0.7  0.7 = 0.196 ;

b) P = 0.4  0.3  0.6 + 0.6  0.4  0.3 + 0.6  0.6  0.4 = 0.288 .
2*. Teslis mocemuli partiidan daTeses 10000 Tesli da naxes, rom aRmocenda 8498
Tesli. amis Sedegad gakeTda daskvna, rom Teslis mocemuli partiis aRmocenebadoba
Seadgens 85%-s ( p = 0.85 ). vipovoT albaToba imisa, rom mocemuli partiidan daTesili
100 Teslidan aRmocendeba: a) zustad 85 Tesli? b) 75-dan 90 Teslamde? g) aranakleb
80 Tesli? d) araumetes 92 Tesli?
amoxsna. cxadia, rom saqme gvaqvs damoukidebel cdaTa sqemasTan (bernulis sqe-
masTan) da vinaidan np = 100  0.85 = 85  15 , amitom SegviZlia visargebloT muavr-lapla-
sis lokaluri da integraluri formulebiT. 100 Teslidan aRmocenebuli Teslis
raodenoba aRvniSnoT S100 -iT.
 1 85 − 100  0.85 1 0
a) P{S100 = 85} = ( )= ( )=
100  0.85  0.15 100  0.85  0.15 12.75 12.75
1
=  (0) = 0.28  0.399 = 0.11 ;
3.57
90 − 100  0.85 75 − 100  0.85 5 − 10
b) P{75  S100  90} = ( ) − ( ) = ( ) − ( )=
100  0.85  0.15 100  0.85  0.15 3.57 3.57
= (1.4) − (−2.8) = 0.5 +  0 (1.4) − [0.5 −  0 (2.8)] =  0 (1.4) +  0 (2.8) = 0.4192 + 0.4974 = 0.9166 ;
80 − 100  0.85 −5
g) P{S100  80} = 1 − ( ) = 1 − ( ) = 1 − (−1.4) = 1 − [0.5 −  0 (1.4)] =
100  0.85  0.15 3.57
= 0.5 + 0.4192 = 0.9192 ;
92 − 100  0.85 7
d) P{S100  92} = ( ) = ( ) = (1.96) = 0.5 +  0 (1.96)] = 0.5 + 0.475 = 0.975 .
100  0.85  0.15 3.57
2**. supermarketSi dRis ganmavlobaSi gayiduli citrusebis raodenoba modelirdeba
normaluri ganawilebiT. aRmoCnda, rom xangrZlivi periodis manZilze dReSi saSua-
lod iyideboda 35 kg. citrusi, xolo 15 kg-ze naklebi gayidul iqna saSualod yoveli
20 dRidan erT dReSi. a) gamoTvaleT gayidvebis standartuli gadaxra  ; b) cnobilia,
rom konkretul dRes gaiyida 53 kg-ze meti citrusi. ipoveT albaToba imisa, rom am
dRes gaiyida 56 kg-ze meti citrusi.
amoxsna. dReSi gayiduli citrusebis raodenoba aRvniSnoT  -Ti. maSin:
1
  N (35,  2 ) da P{  15} = = 0.05 .
20
15 − 35 15 − 35
a) P{  15} = 0.05  ( ) = 0.05   0 (− ) = 0.5 − 0.05 = 0.45 
 
15 − 35
− = 1.65   = 12.12 ;

P{(  56) (  53)} P{  56}
b) P{  56 |   53} = = =
P{  53} P{  53}
56 − 35
1 − ( )
12.12 1 − (1.73) 1 − [0.5 +  0 (1.73)] 0.5 − 0.4582 0.0418
= = = = = = 0.614 .
53 − 35 1 − (1.49) 1 − [0.5 +  0 (1.49)] 0.5 − 0.4319 0.0681
1 − ( )
12.12
3. SemTxveviTi sididis ganawilebis kanonia P{ = k} = C20
k
0.3k 0.7 20 − k , k = 0,1,..., 20 . ras
udris: a) lodini; b) dispersia; g) mediana; d) moda; e) am SemTxveviT sidideze 300
dakvirvebisas 0.4 kvantilze meti mniSvnelobis mosvlis ualbaTesi ricxvi.
amoxsna. cxadia, rom es SemTxveviTi sidide ganawilebulia binomialuri ka-
noniT parametrebiT n = 20 da p = 0.3 , anu   Bi (20,0.3) . amitom, rogorc cnobilia:
a) E = 20  0.3 ;
b) D = 20  0.3  0.7 ;
g) Me = [20  0.3] = 6 ;
d) Mo = [21 0.3] = 6 ;
e) n = 300 , p = P(  x0.4 ) = 1 − P(  x0.4 ) = 0.6 da Sesabamisad, ualbaTesi ricxvi
warmoadgens Semdegi utolobis mTel amonaxsns:
300 0.6 − 0.4  k0  300 0.6 + 0.6 ,
anu 179.6  k0  180.6 , e. i. k0 = 180 .
0, x  0;
3*. SemTxveviTi sididis ganawilebis simkvrivea f  ( x) =  ras udris: a)
0.4e − 0.4 x , x  0.
lodini; b) dispersia; g) mediana; d) pirveli kvartili; e) am SemTxveviT sidideze 400
dakvirvebisas pirvel kvartilze naklebi mniSvnelobis mosvlis mosalodneli ric-
xvi.
amoxsna. cxadia, rom es SemTxveviTi sidide ganawilebulia eqsponencialuri
(anu maCvenebliani) kanoniT parametriT  = 0.4 , anu   Exp(0.4) . amitom, rogorc cno-
bilia:
a) E = 1 / 0.4 ;
b) D = 1 / 0.4 2 ;
g) Me = ln 2 / 0.4 ;
d) Q1 = x0.25 = − ln(1 − 0.25) / 0.4 ;
e) n = 400 , p = P( A) = P(  x0.25 ) = 0.25 da amitom albaTobis statistikuri
ganmartebis Tanaxmad:
n
0.25  A , saidanac n A  400  0.25 = 100 .
400
3**. mocemulia:    2 (16) . ipoveT:a) ipoveT iseTi marcxena calmxrivi intervali, ro-
melSic  -s moxvedris albaTobaa 0.975; b) am SemTxveviT sidideze 300 dakvirvebisas
0.8-kvantilze naklebi mniSvnelobis mosvlis mosalodneli ricxvi; g) am SemTxveviT
sidideze 100 dakvirvebidan medianaze meti mniSvnelobis mosvlis ualbaTesi ricxvi;
d) albaToba imisa, rom am SemTxveviT sidideze 10000 dakvirvebisas 0.8 -kvantilze
meti mniSvneloba mova aranakleb 1950 da araumetes 2050; e) dawereT normaluri
ganawilebis simkvrive, romlis ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi emTxveva U ([−2,3]) -is
Sesabamis ricxviT maxasiaTeblebs.
amoxsna. a) 0.975 = P{  (0, x)} = 1 − P{  x} , P{  x} = 0.025 , x = 16
2
,0.025 = 28.845 ;
b) n = 300 , p = P( A) = P(  x0.8 ) = 0.8 da amitom albaTobis statistikuri
ganmartebis Tanaxmad:
n
0.8  A , saidanac n A  300  0.8 = 240 .
300
g) n = 100 , p = P(  Me) = 0.5 da Sesabamisad, ualbaTesi ricxvi warmoadgens
Semdegi utolobis mTel amonaxsns:
100  0.5 − 0.5  k 0  100  0.5 + 0.5 ,
anu 49.5  k 0  50.5 , e. i. k 0 = 50 .
d) n = 10000, p = P(  x0.8 ) = 1 − P(  x0.8 ) = 0.2 , a = 1950 , b = 2050 , np  15 da amitom
muavr-laplasis integraluri formulis Tanaxmad:
2050 − 10000 0.2 1950 − 10000 0.2
P(1950  S10000  2050)  ( ) − ( )=
10000 0.2  0.8 10000 0.2  0.8
= (1.25) − (−1.25) = 2(1.25) − 1 = 2  [0.5 +  0 (1.25)] − 1 = 2  0.8944 − 1 = 0.7888 .
e) vinaidan EU ([−2,3]) = (−2 + 3) / 2 = 0.5 da DU ([−2,3]) = (−2 − 3) 2 / 12  2.08 , amitom gvaqvs:
( x − 0.5 ) 2
1 −
f ( x) = e . 22.08

2  2.08
4. 250 gamokiTxuli moswavlidan 60% yovel saRamos 1 saaTs mainc mecadineobs. a)
aageT 95%-iani ndobis intervali im moswavleTa realuri proporciisaTvis, romle-
bic yovel saRamos 1 saaTs mainc mecadineoben. maswavlebels surs 98%-iani saime-
doobiTa da 0.03-is sizustiT Seafasos maRali klasis im moswavleebis realuri
proporcia, romlebic yovel saRamos 1 saaTs mainc mecadineoben. b) ra moculobis
unda iyos saWiro SerCeva; g) ra moculobis SerCeva unda aviRoT im SemTxvevaSi,
roca ar iqneba xelmisawvdomi SerCeviTi proporcia?
amoxsna. a) n = 250 , S n = 250  60 / 100 = 150 , wn = 150 / 250 = 0.6 ,  = 1 − 0.95 = 0.05 ,
z / 2 = z 0.0.25 = 1.96 . amitom saZiebeli ndobis intervali iqneba:
 0.6  (1 − 0.6) 0.6  (1 − 0.6)
(0.6 − 1.96 , 0.6 + 1.96 ),
250 250
b)  = 1 − 0.98 = 0.02 , z / 2 = z 0.0.1 = 2.33 , l = 0.03 , wn = 0.6 , 1 − wn = 0.4 . amitom SerCevis
2.33 2
minimaluri moculoba iqneba: n  = [0.6  0.4  ( ) ] + 1 = [1447.83] + 1 = 1448 .
0.03
g) roca ar iqneba xelmisawvdomi SerCeviTi proporcia, unda aviRoT wn = 0.5
2.33 2
da gveqneba: n  = [0.5  0.5  ( ) ] + 1 = [1508.16] + 1 = 1509 .
0.03
4*. wina kvlevebis Tanaxmad mkvlevari Tvlis, rom pirvelkursel studentTa wlovan-
ebebis dispersia Seadgens 1.6-s. SemTxveviT SerCeuli 50 pirvelkurselis wlovanebe-
bis SerCeviTi dispersia aRmoCnda 2.5. a)  = 0.05 mniSvnelovnebis doniT aris Tu ara
pirvelkursel studentTa wlovanebebis dispersia 1.6-ze meti? b) aageT 99%-iani ndo-
bis intervali populaciis standartuli gadaxrisaTvis.
amoxsna. a) H 0 : D  1.6 , H 1 : D  1.6 , n = 50 , s 2 = 2.5 ,  = 0.05 ,
50  2.5
T .V .   2 = = 78.13 , C.V . =  49
2
,0.05 = 55.758 , C.R. = [  49,0.05 ,+) = [55.758,+) . vinaidan
2
1.6
T .V .  C.R. , amitom pirvelkursel studentTa wlovanebebis dispersia metia 1.6-ze.
b)  = 1 − 0.99 = 0.01,  / 2 = 0.005 , 1 −  / 2 = 0.995 , s 2 = 2.5 ,  49
2
,0.005 = 78.23 ,
 49
2
,0.995 = 27.25 . saZiebeli ndobis intervali iqneba:
50  2.5 50  2.5
, ( ).
78.23 27.25
5. aris Tu ara SemTxveviT SerCeuli kviris ganmavlobaSi pirveli kompaniis taqsebis
mier gavlili manZilebis saSualo meti vidre meore kompaniis taqsebis mier gavlili
manZilebis saSualo, Tu Sesabamisi SerCevebis maxasiaTeblebia: x10 = 2837 , s1' = 30 ;
y11 = 2753 , s2' = 66 . CaTvaleT, rom populaciebi normaluria; mniSvnelovnebis doned
aiReT  = 0.05 . aageT 95%-iani ndobis intervalebi saSualoTa sxvaobisaTvis da
dispersiaTa SefardebisaTvis.
miTiTeba: winaswar SeamowmeT hipoTeza dispersiebis tolobis Sesaxeb.
amoxsna. I) etapi: SevamowmoT hipoTeza dispersiebis Sesaxeb.
H 0 :  12 =  22 , H1 :  12   22 ,  = 0.05 ,  / 2 = 0.025 , 1 −  / 2 = 0.975 , C.V .2 = F9,10,0.025 = 3.779 ,
C.V .1 = F9,10,0.975 = 1 / F10,9,0.025 = 1 / 3.9639 = 0.252 (miaqcieT yuradReba 𝑭𝒏,𝒎,𝟏−𝜶 -s gamoTvlis
302
wess: 𝑭𝒏,𝒎,𝟏−𝜶 = 𝟏/𝑭𝒎,𝒏,𝜶 ), C.R. = (0, 0.252]  [3.779,+) , T .V .  F (9,10) =
= 0.21. vinaidan
662
T .V .  C.R. , amitom samarTliania alternatiuli hipoTeza, anu populaciebis ucnobi
dispersiebi gansxvavebulia. Sesabamisad, meore etapze visargeblebT satertvaitis
meTodiT (winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gamocdaze isargebleT dispersiebis gaerTianebuli
Sefasebis meTodiT!!!)
II) etapi: davubrundeT amocanis ZiriTad kiTxvas. gvaqvs:
H 0 : a1  a2 , H1 : a1  a 2 ,  = 0.05 , C.V . = t[c],0.05 , sadac
(30 2 / 10 + 66 2 / 11) 2 (90 + 396) 2 236196
c= = = = 14.24 .
(30 2 / 10) 2 / 9 + (66 2 / 11) 2 / 10 8100 / 9 + 156816 / 10 16581.6
Sesabamisad, gvaqvs: C.V . = t[c],0.05 = t14,0.05 = 1.761 da amitom C.R. = (1.761,+) .
2837 − 2753 84 84
T .V . = = = = 4.19 .
30 2 / 10 + 66 2 / 11 90 + 396 20.05
vinaidan T .V .  C.R. , amitom samarTliania alternatiuli hipoTeza, anu pirveli po-
pulaciis saSualo metia meore populaciis saSualoze.
ndobis intervali saSualoTa sxvaobisaTvis: aq t[c], / 2 = t14,0.025 = 2.145 da
Sesabamisad, gvaqvs:
(2837 − 2753 − 2.145  302 / 10 + 662 / 11, 2837 − 2753 + 2.145  302 / 10 + 662 / 11)
(84 − 2.145  20.05, 84 + 2.145  20.05) , (84 − 43, 84 + 43) , (41, 127) .
ndobis intervali dispersiaTa SefardebisaTvis: aq
Fm −1, n −1, / 2 = F10,9,0.025 = 3.9639 ; Fm−1,n−1,1− / 2 = F10,9,0.975 = 1 / F9,10,0.025 = 1 / 3.779 = 0.2646 da
Sesabamisad, gvaqvs:
(0.2646  302 / 662 , 3.9639  302 / 662 ) ;
(0.055, 0.819) .
6. sami qarxana uSvebs erTidaigive detals. am qarxnebidan aRebulia Sesabamisad 250,
200 da 150 detali, romelTagan arastandartuli aRmoCnda Sesabamisad 10, 9 da 11
detali. SevamowmoT hipoTeza aRniSnul SerCevaTa erTgvarovnebis Sesaxeb  = 0.1
mniSvnelovnebis doniT.
amoxsna. H 0 : populaciebi erTgvarovania,
H 1 : ori populacia mainc gansxvavebulia,
 = 0.1 , C.V . =  (23 −1) (2 −1),0.1 =  22,0.1 = 4.605 , C.R. = (4.605,+) .
gamovTvaloT mosalodneli sixSireebi:
e1,1 = 250  570 / 600 = 237.5 , e1,2 = 250  30 / 600 = 12.5 , e2,1 = 200  570 / 600 = 190 ,
e2,2 = 200  30 / 600 = 10 , e3,1 = 150  570 / 600 = 142.5 , e3,2 = 150  30 / 600 = 7.5 ,
(240 − 237.5) 2 (10 − 12.5) 2 (191 − 190) 2
T .V .   =
2
+ + +
237.5 12.5 190
(9 − 10) 2 (139 − 142.5) 2 (11 − 7.5) 2
+ + + = 2.36 .
10 142.5 7.5
radganac 2.36  4.605 , amitom nulovani hipoTezis uaryofis safuZveli ara
gvaqvs, anu populaciebi erTgvarovania.

6*. mkvlevars ainteresebs aris Tu ara kavSiri adamianis sqessa da mis mier miRebuli
alkoholis raodenobas Soris. SemTxveviT SerCeuli 68 adamianisaTvis miRebuli mo-
nacemebis mixedviT,  = 0.1 mniSvnelovnebis doniT, SeuZlia Tu ara mkvlevars daas-
kvnas, rom miRebuli alkoholis raodenoba dakavSirebulia sqesTan?
alkoholis moxmareba
sqesi dabali saSualo maRali jami
mamrob. 10 9 8 27
mdedrob. 13 16 12 41
jami 23 25 20 68
amoxsna. H 0 : alkoholis raodenoba damoukidebelia sqesisagan,
H 1 : alkoholis raodenoba damokidebelia sqesze,
 = 0.1 , C.V . =  (22 −1) (3 −1),0.1 =  22,0.1 = 4.605 , C.R. = (4.605,+)
gamovTvaloT mosalodneli sixSireebi:
e1,1 = 27  23 / 68 = 9.13 , e1,2 = 27  25 / 68 = 9.93 , e1,3 = 27  20 / 68 = 7.94 ,
e2,1 = 41 23 / 68 = 13.87 , e2,2 = 41 25 / 68 = 15.07 , e2,3 = 41 20 / 68 = 12.06 ,
(10 − 9.13) 2 (9 − 9.93) 2 (8 − 7.94) 2
T .V .   2 = + + +
9.13 9.93 7.94
 (13 − 13.87) 2 (16 − 15.07) 2 (12 − 12.06 2
+ + + = 0.283 .
13.87 15.07 12.06
radganac 0.283  4.605 , amitom nulovani hipoTezis uaryofis safuZveli ara gvaqvs,
anu alkoholis moxmarebis raodenoba araa damokidebeli sqesze.

bonus qulebi

1*). SeamowmeT xdomilebaTa damoukideblobis ori ganmartebis ekvivalenturoba.

2.5 qula
a) vTqvaT, P( A | B) = P( A) . maSin pirobiTi albaTobis ganmartebis Tanaxmad gvaqvs
P( A  B)
= P( A) , saidanac gvaqvs: P( A  B) = P( A) P( B) .
P( B)
b) vTqvaT, P( A  B) = P( A) P( B) . maSin pirobiTi albaTobis ganmarteba gvaZlevs:
P( A  B) P( A)  P( B)
P( A | B) = = = P( A) .
P( B) P( B)
2*). gamoTvaleT puasonis ganawilebis lodini. 2.5 qula
 m
x
Tu visargeblebT warmodgeniT e x =  , maSin gveqneba:
m=0 m !

 k  k  k −1
EPo( ) =  k e − = e −  k = e −  = e − e  =  .
k =0 k! k =1 k! k =1 (k − 1)!
*
3 ). axseniT ratomaa 3-Si ndobis intervali aseTi saxis. 2.5 qula
rogorc cnobilia, normaluri N (a,  ) populaciisaTvis, ucnobi dispersiis
2

X −a
SemTxvevaSi -s gaaCnia stiudentis ganawileba Tavisuflebis xarisxiT n − 1
S' / n
X −a
(  t (n − 1) ). stiudentis ganawilebis zeda  / 2 -kritikuli wertilis ganmartebis
S' / n
X −a
Tanaxmad P{−t n −1, / 2   t n −1, / 2 } = 1 −  . es ukanaskneli tolfasia Tanafardobis
S' / n
S' S'
P{ X − t n −1, / 2   a  X + t n −1, / 2  } = 1 −  , rac imas niSnavs, rom (1) saZiebeli ndobis
n n
intervalia.

4*). axseniT ratomaa 4-Sikritikuli are aseTi saxis. 2.5 qula

H 1 hipoTezis samarTlianobis SemTxvevaSi X -is mniSvneloba axlos iqneba a1 -
TTan, romelic metia a 0 -ze, amitom Z -is dakvirvebuli mniSvneloba SeiZleba
gadaixaros nulidan marjvniv da vinaidan kritikuli are warmoadgens alternatiuli
hipoTezis miRebis ares, gasagebia, rom is unda iyos marjvena calmxrivi intervali
C.R. = [ xkr ,+) . I gvaris Secdomis ganmartebis Tanaxmad
 = P( H1 | H 0 ) = P( Z  xkr | H 0 ) = 1 − ( xkr ) ,
anu ( xkr ) = 1 −  , rac zeda kritikuli wertilis ganmartebis Tanaxmad niSnavs, rom
xkr = z , anu C.R. = [ z ,+) .
 SeniSvna! a) hipoTezebis Semowmebis praqtikul amocanaSi: bolomde unda
gamoTvaloT kriteriumis mniSvneloba da ipovoT kritikuli are da aqedan
gamomdinare gamoitanoT daskvna.
b) SegiZliaT isargebloT qvemoTmoyvanili gamosaxulebebiT:

Tn, m = [( X n − Y m ) − (a1 − a2 )] / S n' , m 1 / n + 1 / m  t (n + m − 2) . k = min{ n − 1, m − 1} .

x n − y m  z / 2  12 / n +  22 / m . Z = [( X n − Y m ) − (a1 − a2 )] /  12 / n +  22 / m  N (0,1) .
r r k
x n − y m  t n + m − 2, / 2 sn' , m 1/ n + 1/ m . ni =  nij . ni* =  nij . n* j =  nij .
j =1 j =1 i =1
as
x n − y m  t k , / 2 s1'2n / n + s2'2m / m . Z = [( X n − Y m ) − (a1 − a2 )] / S1'2n / n + S 2'2m / m  N (0,1) .

T = [( X n − Y m ) − (a1 − a2 )] / S1'2n / n + S 2'2m / m  t (k ) . n p1 , n q1 , m p 2 , mq 2  5 .

x n − y m  z / 2 s1'2n / n + s2'2m . Tn, m  ( X n − Y m ) / S1'2n / n + S 2'2m / m  t ([c]) . Q = 1− P .

(n + m − 2) S n'2, m = (n − 1) S1'2n + (m − 1) S 2'2m . p1 − p 2  z / 2 p1 q1 / n + p 2 q 2 / m .
[(s1'2n / n + s 2'2m / m) 2 ] /[( s1'2n / n) 2 /( n − 1) + ( s 2'2m / m) 2 /( m − 1)] . P1 = S1 / n , P 2 = S 2 / m .
n m ni*  n* j s (n − n ) 2 S1'2n /  12
P= P1 + P 2 . nij* = .  =
2 i i . F=  F (n − 1, m − 1) .
n+m n+m n i =1 ni S 2'2m /  22
∗ )2
max{s1'2n , s2'2m } (𝑛𝑖𝑗 −𝑛𝑖𝑗
f = .
2
𝜒̂ = ∑𝑘𝑖=1 ∑𝑟𝑗=1 ∗ . x n − y m  t[c ], / 2 s1'2n / n + s2'2m / m .
min{s1'2n , s2'2m } 𝑛𝑖𝑗

as
Z = [( P1 − P 2 ) − ( p1 − p2 )] / PQ(1 / n + 1 / m)  N (0,1) .
( Fm −1, n −1,1− / 2  s1'2 / s2'2 , Fm −1, n −1, / 2  s1'2 / s2'2 ) .

P.S. bileTs darTuli eqneba yvela aucilebeli cxrili.