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CH 3

The document discusses database architecture and the three level schema model. It explains that the three levels are the internal level, which defines the database structure and data; the conceptual or logical level, which defines the data to be stored and relationships; and the external level, which presents different views of the data to users. This three level model separates the physical storage from the various logical views and allows users to access data in different formats.

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43 views13 pages

CH 3

The document discusses database architecture and the three level schema model. It explains that the three levels are the internal level, which defines the database structure and data; the conceptual or logical level, which defines the data to be stored and relationships; and the external level, which presents different views of the data to users. This three level model separates the physical storage from the various logical views and allows users to access data in different formats.

Uploaded by

pir zada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Architecture:

Azaz Ahmed Kiani

1
Overview

□ Database Architecture

□ External View of the database

□ Conceptual view of the database

2
Database Architecture:

□ Standardization of database systems is a very beneficent


in terms of future growth

□ Once a system is defined to follow a specific standard, or


is built on a specific standard, it provides us the ease of
use in a number of aspects.

□ Users which will be using the system will be comfortable


with the system because a system built on predefined
standards is easy to understand and use, rather than
new system which is designed and built without following
any standards.

3
Database Architecture:
(ANSI SPARK in 1975 )

□ Database standard proposed by ANSI SPARK in 1975


is being used worldwide and is the only most popular
agreed upon standard for database systems.

□ The Three Level Schema architecture provides us a


number of benefits.

□ For accessing data at different levels we have a number


of users because not all users have to access data in
database at all the database levels.

4
Database Architecture:
(Three Level Architecture )

□ The 3 levels architecture allows us to separate the


physical representation of data from the users’ views of
data.

□ In the database, same data is stored in a specific


feasible format and is available to different users in
different formats as desired by different users.

5
Database Architecture:
(Three Level Architecture )

□ we have stored the DOB (Date of Birth) in the database in a


particular format, like in the form of dd-mm-yyyy.

□ However, the users from different departments may require to


view the date of birth in different forms; the examination
department may ask it to be displayed as month-day-yyyy.

□ Registrar’s office may ask to display date of birth as


mm/dd/yyyy,

□ The Three Level Schema allows us to access the data in


different formats at the external level, which is stored in a
specific format at the internal level.

6
Database Architecture:
(Three Level Architecture )

□ The Three levels architecture is useful for hiding the


details of internal systems.

□ Moreover if there is a change to be done to the data


stored in the database subject to the requirements of a
specific user it needs not be changed for that user
specifically, we can create a change to the specific
external view of that user and the internal details remain
unchanged.

7
Database Architecture:
(Three Level Architecture )

8
Internal View

□ Core of the database architecture is the internal level

□ The internal level implements all the inner details and defines
the intentions of the database.

□ Internal schema or view defines the structures of the data and


other data related activities in the database.

Once the intention of the database has been defined then it


is undesirable to change the intention for any reason

9
External View
(Level, Schema or Model)

□ This level is explicitly an end user level and presents data as


desired by the users of the database.

□ External level of the database might contain a large number


of user views, each user view providing the desired features
and fulfilling requirements for the user or user group for which
it is intended.

□ External views are also helpful when we want to display the


data which is not place in the database or not stored at all.
■ Area Code

10
External View
(Level, Schema or Model)

11
Conceptual or Logical View:

□ This is the level of database architecture which contains the


definition of all the data to be stored in the database and also
contains rules and information about that structure and type
of that data.

□ The conceptual schema actually manages all relationship and


maps these relationships among the member entities.

□ Conceptual schema along-with having all the information which


is to be stored in the database stores the definition of the
data to be stored:
■ Types of data,
■ Constraints on data values etc

12
Conceptual or Logical View:

13

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