ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

SOLIDS

Varsheni Padmanabhan
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CSE C ‘ 61’
 15 solids
● CONE ● TETRAHEDRON
● CYLINDER ● PENTAGONAL PYRAMID
● CUBE ● HEXAGONAL PYRAMID
● SQUARE PRISM ● PENTAGONAL PRISM
● RECTANGULAR Pyramid ● HEXAGONAL PRISM
● TRIANGULAR PRISM
● Frustum of a PYRAMID
● FRUSTUM OF A CONE
● SQUARE PYRAMID
● TRIANGULAR PYRAMID

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 cone
Properties:
● A cone has a circular or oval base with an apex
(vertex).

● A cone is a rotated triangle.

● A cone has a height and a radius. Apart from the

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 cylinder
Properties:
● A cylinder is a 3D shape that has
two circular faces, one at the top
and one at the bottom, and one
curved surface.
● A cylinder has a height and a
radius.
● The height of a cylinder is the
perpendicular distance between the
top and bottom faces.

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 cube
Properties:
● It has all its faces in a square shape.
● All the faces or sides have equal
dimensions.
● The plane angles of the cube are the
right angle.
● Each of the faces meets the other four
faces.
● Each of the vertices meets the three
faces and three edges.
● The edges opposite to each other are
parallel.

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 Square prism
Properties:
● A square prism has 6 faces, 12 edges and 8 vertices.
● Opposite sides of square prisms are parallel to each
other.
● Opposite sides of square prisms are congruent to each
other.
● Opposite angles of square prisms are congruent to each
other.
● Diagonals of square prism bisect each other.
● Consecutive angles of square prisms are supplementary.

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 Rectangular pyramid
Properties:
● A rectangular pyramid has 5 faces, 5 vertices, and 8 edges.
● One face is the rectangle base and 4 are in the shape of a triangle.
● All the triangular faces are congruent to the opposite face.
● One of the vertexes meet at the apex which is right above the base of
the pyramid.
● The vertex is the intersection point between the base and the side and
four edges are the intersection point at the base.

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 Triangular prism
Properties:
● It has a total of 9 edges, 5 faces, and 6 vertices
(which are joined by the rectangular faces).
● It has two triangular bases and three rectangular
sides.
● If the triangular bases are equilateral and the other
faces are squares, instead of a rectangle, then the
triangular prism is said to be semiregular.

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 Frustum of a cone
Properties:
● The frustum of a cone is the part of the cone without vertex when the cone
is divided into two parts with a plane that is parallel to the base of the cone.
Another name for the frustum of a cone is a truncated cone.
● The frustum of a cone doesn't contain the vertex of the corresponding cone
but contains the base of the cone.
● The frustum of a cone is determined by its height and two radii
(corresponding to two bases).
● The height of the frustum of cone is the perpendicular distance between the
centers of the two bases of the frustum.

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 Square pyramid
Properties:
● A square pyramid is a three-dimensional geometric shape
that has a square base and four triangular bases that are
joined at a vertex. It is a polyhedron. (pentahedron) with
five faces.
● It has 5 faces.
● It has 4 side faces that are triangles.
● It has a square base.
● It has 5 vertices.
● It has 8 edges.

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 tetrahedron
Properties:
● It has 4 faces, 6 edges, and 4 vertices (corners).
● In a regular tetrahedron, all four vertices are equidistant from

each other.

● It has 6 planes of symmetry.

● Unlike other platonic solids, it has no parallel faces.

● A regular tetrahedron has four equilateral triangles as its faces.

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 Pentagonal pyramid
Properties:
● A regular pentagonal pyramid has 6 faces(5 equilateral triangles as the
lateral sides and a regular pentagon base).
● There are 6 vertices in a pentagonal pyramid along with 10 edges.
● There are 6 faces in total in any pentagonal pyramid.
● A pentagonal pyramid can also have isosceles triangles as its lateral sides.

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 Hexagonal pyramid
Properties:
● A hexagonal pyramid has the base of a polygon-shaped figure known as a
hexagon.
● There are 7 vertices in total in a hexagonal pyramid where 6 is at the base of
the pyramid and one at the top.
● A hexagonal pyramid has 12 edges i.e. 6 connecting the triangle edges to the
main vertex and the 6 edges of the base.
● In total, a hexagonal pyramid has 7 faces, one for each side of the triangle
along with one base.

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 Pentagonal prism
Properties:
● A pentagonal prism has 15 edges, 7 faces, and 10 vertices.
● The base of a pentagonal prism is in the shape of a pentagon.
● The sides of a pentagonal prism are shaped like a rectangle.
● A pentagonal prism is a type of heptahedron, which is a
polyhedron with seven plane faces.
● A pentagonal prism can also be called a five-sided polygon prism.

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 Hexagonal prism
Properties:
● It has 8 faces, 18 edges, and 12 vertices.
● The top and bottom bases are equal to each other in length.
● The diagonals cross the center point of a regular hexagonal prism
● In a regular hexagonal prism, all the angles of a hexagon are the
same.
● In an irregular hexagonal prism, all the angles of a hexagon are
different.

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 Frustum of a pyramid
Properties:
● The slant height of a frustum of a regular pyramid is the altitude of the
face.
● The lateral edges of a frustum of a regular pyramid are equal, and the
faces are equal isosceles trapezoids.
● The bases of a frustum of a regular pyramid are similar regular polygons.
If these polygons become equal, the frustum will become prism.

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 Triangular pyramid
Properties:
● A triangular pyramid has 4 triangular faces, 6 edges, and 4 vertices.
● 3 edges meet at each of its vertex.
● A triangular pyramid has no parallel faces.
● A regular triangular pyramid has equilateral triangles for all its faces.It

has 6 planes of symmetry.

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Thank you!

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