INFORMATION BULLETIN: JEE (Main) - 2022

CHEMISTRY Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas

of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics, the
quantum mechanical model of the atom, its
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY important features. Concept of atomic orbitals
as one-electron wave functions: Variation of'¥
UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY
and '1'2 with r for ls and 2s orbitals; various
Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory:
quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum,
Concept of atom, molecule, element, and
and magnetic quantum numbers) and their
compound: Physical quantities and their
significance; shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron
measurements in Chemistry, prec1s10n, and
spin and spin quantum number: Rules for filling
accuracy, significant figures. S.I.Units, dimensional
electrons in orbitals - Autbau principle. Pauli's
analysis: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic
exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic
and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass,
configuration of elements, extra stability of
percentage composition, empirical and molecular
half­filled and completely filled orbitals.
formulae: Chemical equations and stoichiometry.

UNIT 2: STATES OF MATTER UNIT 4: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR

STRUCTURE
Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and
gaseous states. Kosse! - Lewis approach to chemical bond
formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds.
Gaseous State:
Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors
Measurable properties of gases: Gas laws - Boyle's affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation
law, Charle's law. Graham's law of diffusion. of lattice enthalpy.
Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure;
Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity.
Concept of Absolute scale of temperature; Ideal gas
Fajan's rule, dipole moment: Valence Shell Electron
equation; Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates);
Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of
Concept of average, root mean square and most simple molecules.
probable velocities; Real gases, deviation from Ideal
behaviour, compressibility factor, and van der Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding:
Waals equation. Valence bond theory - its important features, the
concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d
Liquid State:
orbitals; Resonance.
Properties of liquids - vapour pressure, viscosity and
Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features.
surface tension, and effect of temperature on them LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding,
(qualitative treatment only). antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital
Solid State: electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic
molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length,
Classification of solids: molecular, ionic, covalent and bond energy.
and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline
solids (elementary idea); Bragg's Law and its Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen
applications: Unit cell and lattices, packing in solids bonding and its applications.
(fee, bee and hep lattices), voids, calculations
involving unit cell parameters, an imperfection in UNIT 5: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
solids; Electrical and magnetic properties. Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and
surroundings, extensive and intensive properties,
UNIT 3: ATOMIC STRUCTURE state functions, types ofprocesses.

Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their The first law of thermodynamics - Concept of
limitations; Nature of electromagnetic radiation, work, heat internal energy and enthalpy, heat
photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's law of
atom. Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond
postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization,
of the electron and radii of the different orbits, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization,
limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter, and solution.
de Broglie's relationship.
The second law of thermodynamics - Spontaneity
of processes; �S of the universe and �G of the
system as criteria for spontaneity. �G0 (Standard
Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant.
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UNIT 6: SOLUTIONS UNIT 9: CHEMICAL KINETICS

Different methods for expressing the concentration Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the
of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, rate of reactions: concentration, temperature,
percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure, and catalyst; elementary and complex
pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate
non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, law, rate constant and its units, differential and
plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions; Colligative integral forms ofzero and first-order reactions, their
properties ofdilute solutions - a relative lowering of characteristics and half-lives, the effect of
vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius
elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; theory, activation energy and its calculation,
Determination of molecular mass using colligative collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions
properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van't (no derivation).
Hoff factor and its significance.
UNIT 10: SURFACE CHEMISTRY
UNIT 7: EQUILIBRIUM Adsorption- Physisorption and chemisorption and
Meaning of equilibrium, the concept of dynamic their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of
equilibrium. gases on solids - Freundlich and Langmuir
adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions.
Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid­
liquid, liquid - gas and solid-gas equilibria, Henry's Catalysis - Homogeneous and heterogeneous,
law. General characteristics of equilibrium activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme
involving physical processes. catalysis, and its mechanism.

Colloidal state- distinction among true solutions,

Equilibrium involving chemical processes: Law colloids, and suspensions, classification ofcolloids -
of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp lyophilic. lyophobic; multi-molecular.
and Kc) and their significance, the significance of macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles),
t.G and t.G0 in chemical equilibrium, factors preparation and properties of colloids - Tyndall
affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, effect. Brownian movement, electrophoresis,
temperature, the effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's dialysis, coagulation, and flocculation: Emulsions
principle. and their characteristics.

Ionic equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids
and bases (Arrhenius. Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) UNIT 11: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND
and their ionization, acid-base equilibria (including PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
multistage ionization) and ionization constants,
ionization of water. pH scale, common ion effect, Modem periodic law and present form of the
hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, the periodic table, s, p. d and fblock elements, periodic
solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic
products, buffer solutions. radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy,
valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.
UNIT 8: REDOX REACTIONS AND UNIT 12: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
OF ISOLATION OF METALS
Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction,
redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for Modes of occurrence of elements in nature,
assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox minerals, ores; Steps involved in the extraction of
reactions. metals - concentration, reduction (chemical and
Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance electrolytic methods), and refining with special
in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and reference to the extraction of AL Cu, Zn, and Fe;
their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles
and its applications. involved in the extraction of metals.

Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic UNIT 13: HYDROGEN

cells, different types of electrodes, electrode Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes,
potentials including standard electrode potential, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen;
half - cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy
cell and its measurement: Nemst equation and its water; Structure, preparation, reactions, and uses of
applications; Relationship between cell potential hydrogen peroxide; Classification of hydrides -
and Gibbs' energy change: Dry cell and lead ionic, covalent, and interstitial; Hydrogen as a fuel.
accumulator; Fuel cells.
 INFORMATION BULLETIN: JEE (Main) - 2022

UNIT 14: S -BLOCK ELEMENTS (ALKALI AND

ALKALINE EARTH METALS) Group-18

Group -1 and 2 Elements Occurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of

fluorides and oxides of xenon.
General introduction, electronic configuration, and
general trends in physical and chemical properties UNIT 16: d- and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS
of elements, anomalous properties of the first
element of each group, diagonal relationships. Transition Elements

Preparation and properties of some important General introduction, electronic configuration,

compounds - sodium carbonate and sodium occurrence and characteristics, general trends in
hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate; properties of the first-row transition elements -
Industrial uses of lime, limestone. Plaster of Paris physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation
and cement: Biological significance of Na, K. Mg, states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour,
and Ca. magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial
compounds, alloy formation; Preparation,
UNIT 15: P- BLOCK ELEMENTS properties, and uses of K2CnO1, and KMnO4.
Group-13 to Group 18 Elements Inner Transition Elements
General Introduction: Electronic configuration Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation
and general trends in physical and chemical states, and lanthanoid contraction.
properties of elements across the periods and down
the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in Actinoids - Electronic configuration and oxidation
each group. states.

Groupwise study of the p - block elements Group UNIT 17: CO-ORDINATION COMP OUNDS
-13
Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner's
Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity.
aluminum; Structure, properties, and uses of borax, chelation; 1UPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co­
boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminum ordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding­
chloride, and alums. Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal
field theory, colour and magnetic properties;
Group-14 Importance of co-ordination compounds (in
qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in
The tendency for catenation; Structure, properties,
biological systems).
and uses of Allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon
tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones.
UNIT 18: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
Group-15
Environmental pollution - Atmospheric, water,
Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; and soil.
Allotrophic forms of phosphorus; Preparation,
Atmospheric pollution - Tropospheric and
properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric
Stratospheric
acid, phosphine, and phosphorus halides, (PCb.
PCls ); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen Tropospheric pollutants - Gaseous pollutants:
and phosphorus. Oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur,
hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects, and
Group-16 prevention; Greenhouse effect and Global warming:
Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of Acid rain;
ozone: Allotropic forms of sulphur; Preparation,
Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes,
properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid
mist; their sources, harmful effects, and prevention.
(including its industrial preparation); Structures of
oxoacids of sulphur. Stratospheric pollution- Formation and breakdown
of ozone, depletion of the ozone layer - its
Group-17 mechanism and effects.
Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric
acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen Water Pollution - Major pollutants such as.
halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and pathogens, organic wastes, and chemical pollutants;
oxides and oxoacids of halogens. their harmful effects and prevention.
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Soil pollution - Major pollutants such as; Pesticides Alkynes - Acidic character: Addition of hydrogen,
(insecticides. herbicides and fungicides), their halogens, water, and hydrogen halides:
harmful effects, and prevention. Strategies to control Polymerization.
environmental pollution.
Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene -

structure and aromaticity: Mechanism of

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration.
UNIT 19: PURIFICATION AND Friedel - Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive
CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC influence of the functional group in mono­
COMPOUNDS substituted benzene.
Purification Crystallization, sublimation, UNIT 22: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING
distillation, differential extraction, and HALOGENS
chromatography - principles and their applications.
General methods of preparation, properties, and
Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of
sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens. substitution reactions.
Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform,
Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, iodoform freons, and DDT.
sulphur, phosphorus.
UNIT 23: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING
Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular OXYGEN
formulae: Numerical problems in organic
quantitative analysis, General methods of preparation, properties,
reactions, and uses.
UNIT 20:SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, AND ETHERS
Tetravalency of carbon: Shapes of simple molecules Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and
- hybridization (s and p): Classification of organic tertiary alcohols: mechanism ofdehydration.
compounds based on functional groups: and those
containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur; Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution
Homologous series: Isomerism - structural and reactions: halogenation. nitration and sulphonation.
stereoisomerism. Reimer - Tiemann reaction.

Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC) Ethers: Structure.

Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group;
free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions; stability Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative
of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important
nucleophiles. reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition reactions
(addition of HCN. NHJ, and its derivatives),
Electronic displacement in a covalent bond
Grignard reagent; oxidation: reduction (Wolf
- Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of a.­
and hyperconjugation. hydrogen. aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction.
Haloform reaction, Chemical tests to distinguish
Common types of organic reactions- Substitution,
addition, elimination, and rearrangement. between aldehydes and Ketones.

UNITS 21: HYDROCARBONS Carboxylic Acids

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, Acidic strength and factors affecting it,
general methods of preparation, properties, and
reactions. UNIT 24: O RGANIC CO MPO UNDS CONTAINING
NITROGEN
Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions,
projections (of ethane): Mechanism of halogenation
and uses.
ofalkanes.
Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure,
Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism: Mechanism of basic character, and identification of primary,
electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic
halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs
character.
and peroxide effect): Ozonolysis and
polymerization.
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Diazonium Salts:Importance in synthetic PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY

organic chemistry.
Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen,
UNIT 25: POLYMERS Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds;
General introduction and classification of polymers,
Detection of the following functional groups;
general methods of polymerization, - Addition and
hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl
condensation, copolymerization. (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups
in organic compounds.
Natural and synthetic, rubber and vulcanization,
some important polymers with emphasis on their • The chemistry involved in the preparation of the
monomers and uses - polythene, nylon, polyester, following:
and bakelite.
Inorganic compounds; Mohr's salt, potash alum.
UNIT 26: BIOMOLECULES Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro
acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
General introduction and importance of
biomolecules. • The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises -
Acids, bases and the use of indicators, oxalic-acid vs
CARBOHYDRATES - Classification; aldoses KMn04, Mohr's salt vs KMn04
and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose • Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt
and fructose) and constituent analysis:
monosaccharides of oligosaccharides
(sucrose, lactose, and maltose). Cations - Pb2+, Cu2+, AI3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+,
Ca2+ , Ba2+ , Mg2+ , NH 4+
PROTEINS - Elementary Idea of a-amino
acids, peptide bond, polypeptides. Anions- CO§-, s 2-,soi-, N03 -, NO2-, c1-,
Proteins: primary, secondary, tertiary, and Br-, I-( Insoluble salts excluded).
quaternary structure ( qualitative idea Chemical principles involved in the following
only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. experiments:

VITAMINS Classification and 1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4

functions.
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid
NUCLEIC ACIDS Chemical and strong base.
constitution of DNA and RNA.
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic
Biological functions of nucleic acids. sols.

UNIT 27: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE 4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with
hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.
Chemicals in Medicines - Analgesics,
tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants,
antimicrobials, anti-fertility drugs,
antibiotics, antacids. Anti-histamines -their
meaning and common examples.
Chemicals in food Preservatives,
artificial sweetening agents - common
examples.
Cleansing Agents - Soaps and detergents,
cleansing action
UNIT 28: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO