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Austin Okoth Omondi EMAQ/01261/2020 Computer Science Assignment

Information processing involves the acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. There are several types of information processing including batch processing, online processing, real-time processing, multiprocessing and time sharing. Batch processing involves applying a single command to multiple data sets. Online processing provides immediate access to data. Real-time processing provides immediate feedback. Multiprocessing uses multiple CPUs to break tasks into frames and process them simultaneously. Time sharing allocates CPU time among multiple users. Information processing brings advantages like faster task completion and new career opportunities but also disadvantages such as increased costs, security issues, and potential for errors.

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20 views4 pages

Austin Okoth Omondi EMAQ/01261/2020 Computer Science Assignment

Information processing involves the acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. There are several types of information processing including batch processing, online processing, real-time processing, multiprocessing and time sharing. Batch processing involves applying a single command to multiple data sets. Online processing provides immediate access to data. Real-time processing provides immediate feedback. Multiprocessing uses multiple CPUs to break tasks into frames and process them simultaneously. Time sharing allocates CPU time among multiple users. Information processing brings advantages like faster task completion and new career opportunities but also disadvantages such as increased costs, security issues, and potential for errors.

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Austin Okoth Omondi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AUSTIN OKOTH OMONDI

EMAQ/01261/2020
COMPUTER SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT
INFORMATION PROCESSING
Definition
It is the processing, acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval, display and dissemination of
information.
Types
1) Batch processing
To save computational time, before the widespread use of distributed systems architecture,
single computer systems apply batch processing techniques. This is mostly applied in financial
applications or where data requires additional layers of security, such as medical records.
Batch processing completes a range of data processes as a batch by simplifying single
commands to provide actions to multiple data sets. This is a little like the comparison of a
computer spreadsheet to a calculator in some ways. A calculation can be applied with one
function, that is one step, to a whole column or series of columns, giving multiple results from
one action. The same concept is achieved in batch processing for data. A series of actions or
results can be achieved by applying a function to a whole series of data.
Batch processing can complete a queue of tasks without human intervention, and data systems
may program priorities to certain functions or set times when batch processing can be
completed.
2) Online processing
This information processing technique is derived from Automatic data processing. This method
is now known as immediate or irregular access handling. Under this method, the activity by the
framework is prepared at the exact time of operation/processing. It can be viewed easily with
the continuous preparation of data sets. This processing method highlights the fast contribution
of the exchange of data and connects directly with the databases.
3) Real Time processing
This is where feedback is given deftly and immediately
One application of this that most of us can identify with is tracking stock market and currency
trends. The data needs to be updated immediately since investors buy in real-time and prices
update by the minute. Data on airline schedules and ticketing and GPS tracking applications in
transport services have similar needs for real-time updates.
4) Multi processing
Multiprocessing is not bound to one single CPU but makes use of many CPUs.As the various set
of processing devices are included in this method, therefore the outcome efficiency is very
useful.The tasks are broken into frames and then sent to the multiprocessors for processing.
The result obtained is expected to be in less time and the output is increased. The additional
benefit is every processing unit is independent, thus failure of any will not impact the working
of other processing units.
5) Time sharing
This kind of Data processing is entirely based on time. In this, one unit of processing data is
used by several users. Each user is allocated with the set timings on which they need to work on
the same CPU/processing Unit.Intervals are divided into segments, and thus to users, so there is
no collapse of timings which makes it a multi-access system. This processing technique is also
widely used and mostly applied in learning institutions and startups. Also used in social media
logins.
Advantages of information processing
Information processing has a major impact on the design of teaching techniques that improve
the rate of information processing
Enables fast execution of tasks.
Has led to creation of new jobs careers and system analysis technicians
Has enabled availability since they are operable all through.
Disadvantages
Some systems are insecure and may lead to leakage of sensitive information
Increased expenditures. Setting up computer infrastructure is expensive
Has led to unemployment and reduced job security
Errors in information processing errors
Computational errors
Occurs when arithmetic operation does not produce the required result
Over flow
Occurs when Calculation is too large to be stored in the allocated memory space
Truncation error
Occurs when real numbers with strong fractional part which cannot fit in allocated memory
space.
Rounding
Results from raising or lowering digits in a real number to the to the required rounded rounded
number e.g 30.66 round30.7
Transcription errors
Occurs during data input. Wrong values leading to errors.

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