MATHEMATICS 7

2nd Quarter
Week 3

Subject Teachers: NIMFA E. MALIZA, ROSELYN V. BALILI & MARY GRACE R. PRADO
Contact Number: 09387644119-MALIZA, 09302978950-BALILI, 09487438844- PRADO
Facebook Account: Nimfa Maliza, Roselyn Velasco Balili & Inin Ravelo Prado

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
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 Competencies
1. illustrates and differentiates related terms in algebra:
a. an where n is a positive integer
b. constants and variables
c. literal coefficients and numerical coefficients
d. algebraic expressions, terms and polynomials
e. number of terms, degree of the term and degree of the polynomial.
2. translates English phrases to mathematical phrases and English sentences to
mathematics sentences, and vice versa.

Objectives

At the end of the week, you shall have

o illustrate and differentiate related terms in algebra,
o identify some keywords that indicate the use of the four fundamental operations,
o translate English phrases into mathematical phrases and vice versa.
o Value the importance of Basic algebra in solving mathematical problems.

Learner’s Tasks
Lesson Overview

Discussion 1: Translating English Phrases to Mathematical Phrases and English

Sentences to Mathematics Sentences, and Vice Versa
Algebra makes use of symbols and expressions so that English/verbal phrases and sentences can
be translated into mathematical phrases and sentences and vice versa.
Algebraic expression is a group of terms separated by a plus or minus sign. This term is either a
constant (number) or a variable (letter) or a combination of constant and variables multiplied
together.
The chart below shows some of the words used to indicate the mathematical operations or
relations:
Symbol Meaning
+ addition, plus, increased by, added to, the sum of, more than,

– subtraction, minus, decreased by, subtracted from, fewer than,

less than, diminished by, the difference of
×, •, ( ) multiplication, times, multiplied by, the product of, of
/, ÷ division, divided by, ratio of, the quotient of, per
= equals, is equal to, is
< is less than
> is greater than
≤ is less than or equal to, is at most
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 ≥ is greater than or equal to, is at least
≠ is not equal to

Look closely at these phrases using the four operations. Each phrase tells you to operate on
two numbers. Look for the words of and and to find the numbers. The number after of is
written first.
• the sum of a and b means 𝑎 + 𝑏
• the difference of a and b means 𝑎−𝑏
• the product of a and b means 𝑎(𝑏) or 𝑎𝑏
a
• the quotient of a and b means 𝑎 ÷ 𝑏 or
b
EXAMPLES
English Phrase Mathematical Phrase
Eight added to three times a number 𝑛 3𝑛 + 8
The difference of 𝑥 and 4 𝑥− 4
The product of a number 𝑦 and 3 increased by 5 𝑦(3) + 5 or 3y + 5
English Sentence Mathematical Sentence

Two thirds of a number 𝑛 is 10.

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The difference of a number and 4 is greater than 6. 𝑛− 4 > 6 (may use any
variable)
The product of a number and 2 is less than or equal to 2 2𝑥≤𝑥 + 2 (may use any
more than a number variable)
ACTIVITY 1

A. Direction: Give the correct English/verbal phrase or sentence of the given

mathematical expressions.
1. 𝑥− 7
2. 𝑚 + 5
3. 4𝑦
4. 𝑝 + 1 = 4
8
5. ≠5
z

B. Direction: Translate the given English phrases/sentences to mathematical

phrases/sentences..

Given Symbols/Expressions
1. A number x plus 10 is less than 5
2. The difference of a number c and 1
3. Ten times a number y equals 11
4. Twenty-three divided by a number m
5. Twice the sum of 4 and a number z

Discussion 2: Illustrating and Differentiating Related Terms in Algebra

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.
2
In the language of Algebra, the following are important terms to remember:
• 𝑎𝑛 where 𝑛 is a positive integer
In 𝑎𝑛, 𝑎 is called the base
𝑛 is called an exponent
To read, “𝑎 raised to 𝑛”.
If 𝑛 is 𝑎 positive integer, then 𝑎 is used as factor 𝑛 times.
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 x 𝑎 x 𝑎 x 𝑎 … (𝑛 times)
• Terms in mathematical expressions are composed of constants and
variables. Constants are numbers that have fixed values while variables
are symbols or letters that may take one or more than one value.
In 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 6, 6 is the constant
𝑥 and 𝑦 are the variables
• Literal coefficient is the variable including its exponent in a term while
numerical coefficient is a constant that is multiplied to a variable. The
word coefficient alone refers to numerical coefficient.
In 3𝑥², 𝑥² is the literal coefficient
3 is the numerical coefficient

ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Change the expanded form into exponential form: 𝑎𝑛. Then, find the value.
For example: 𝟔𝒙𝟔𝒙𝟔𝒙𝟔 = 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟏 𝟐9𝟔
1. 3 𝑥 3 = ________
2. 4 𝑥 4 𝑥 4 = ________
3. 5 𝑥 5 = ________
4. 1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 = _______
5. 2 𝑥 2 𝑥 2 𝑥 2 𝑥 2 𝑥 2 = ______

ACTIVITY 3
Direction: Identify the constant, variable, literal coefficient and numerical
coefficient of each expression. Write your answer in the correct column.
Expressions Constant Variable Literal Coefficient Numerical Coefficient
1.) 2𝑥³
2.) 8𝑎² + 1
3.) 10𝑚 + 5
4.) 25𝑧³ – 10
5.) 40𝑥5𝑦4 + 11

Another important terms in Algebra that need to be understood:

•Algebraic expression is a group of terms separated by plus or minus sign
•Term is a constant or a variable or a product of a constant and variable. In
an algebraic expression 9𝑎² + 11𝑎 – 𝑎, the terms are 9𝑎², 11𝑎, −𝑎.
•A polynomial is an algebraic expression where the exponents of the
variables are all whole numbers (non-negative exponents).
An algebraic expression is NOT a polynomial if:
a. The exponent of the variable is NOT a whole number.
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 b. The variable is inside the radical sign.
c. The variable is in the denominator.
•A polynomial can be classified according to the numbers of terms and
according to its degree.
Kinds of Polynomials according to the number of terms
a. Monomial – polynomial with one term
Examples: 𝑎², 4𝑦, − 21, 𝑎𝑦
b. Binomial – polynomial with two terms Examples: 𝑧 +
4, 9(𝑥 + 1) – 6, 𝑥
c. Trinomial – polynomial with three terms
Examples: 𝑎2 + 𝑎 – 1, 6𝑥³ – 𝑥² + 2
d. Multinomial – polynomial with four or more terms
Examples: 𝑥5 + 2𝑥4 – 3𝑥2– 4, 5𝑎³ + 3𝑎² + 4𝑎 + 𝑎 – 7
•Degree is the highest exponent or the highest sum of exponents of the
variables in a term. The degree of an expression is the highest degree of its
terms. In 3𝑥4𝑦2 + 𝑥− 7, the degree is taken by adding the exponent of 𝑥 which
is 4 and the exponent of 𝑦 which is 2.
Thus, 4 + 2 = 6.
Therefore, the degree of 3𝑥4𝑦2 + 𝑥− 7 is 6.
Kinds of Polynomials according to its degree
a. Constant – a polynomial of degree zero
Examples: 500, -7,
b. Linear – a polynomial of degree one
Examples: 𝑥 + 6, 81𝑎, 𝑥 – 3𝑦, 𝑧
c. Quadratic – a polynomial of degree two
Examples: 8𝑥2, 𝑎, 13𝑥² + 5𝑥𝑦, 23𝑎 + 7
d. Cubic – a polynomial of degree three
Examples: 2𝑎, 4𝑥²𝑦 – 2𝑦, 3𝑥³ – 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦²
e. Quartic – a polynomial of degree four
Examples: 16𝑥4, 𝑎2b2, 5𝑥² + 4𝑥³𝑦, 18𝑎³b + 7
f. Quintic – a polynomial of degree five
Examples: 10𝑎2b2c, 9𝑥2𝑦3– 2𝑦, 10𝑥5– 2𝑥𝑦 + 7𝑦²

The next degrees have no universal name yet, so they are just called “polynomial of degree
___________”.
ACTIVITY 4
Direction: Complete the table below.

Kind of Kind of
Number Polynomial Polynomial
Given of According to Degree According to
Terms the Number of the Number
Terms of Degree
1. 3𝑥 + 9
Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.
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 2. 8 – 2𝑥 + 7𝑥²

3. -75

4. 5𝑥4 – 2𝑥³ + 8𝑥 – 𝑥² – 11

5. 14 – 9𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥5

Formative Test

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on your paper.
1. These are symbols or letters that may take one or more than one value.
A. Constants B. Exponents C. Terms D. Variables
2. What is the exponential form of s ∙ s ∙ t ∙s ∙ t ∙ t ∙ s ∙s ∙ s ∙s?
A. (7s) (3t) B. s7 t3 C. (s t)10 D. (s t)10
3. The phrase “4 less than a number y” when translated to Mathematical
expression is __________.
A. 4 < 𝑦 B. 4 − 𝑦 C. 𝑦 − 4 D. 𝑦 + 4
4. Given the expression 2x2 +4x-2, how many terms does it have?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
5. Which of the following is dissimilar to the second term of the expression 2x 3y-
x2y3+5xy4-1?
3
A. - x2y3 B. - x2y3 C. - x2y2 D. -2 x2y3
4

Key to Corrections

ACTIVITY 1
A.
1. The difference of a number x and 7
2. A number m added by 5
3. A product of 4 and y/4 times a number y
4. A number p added by 1 is equal to 4.
5. 8 divided by a number z is not equal to 5.
Note: There will be more possible answers aside from stated above
Refer the answer on translation table above
B.
1. X + 10 < 5
Since the phrase used the word plus for addition and less than.
2. C -1
The important term here is difference which represents the operation of subtraction

3. 10y = 11
The term used refers to multilication and an equation

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
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 23
4.
m
– This symbols represents division
5. 2 (4 + z)- The term twice refers to multiplication and the word sum refers to a distinguised
separation of an addition term of 4 and z

ACTIVITY 2
1. 32 = 9 – The exponent is 2 since the base 3 multiplied 2 times and 3 multiplied by itself two
times is equal to 9
2. 43 = 64- The exponent is 3 since the base 4 multiplied 3 times and 4 multiplied by itself three
times is equal to 64
3. 52 = 25 - The exponent is 2 since the base 5 multiplied 2 times and 5 multiplied by itself two
times is equal to 25
4. 17 = 1 - The exponent is 7 since the base 1 multiplied 7 times and 1 multiplied by itself 7
times or more is still equal to 1
5. 26 = 64- The exponent is 6 since the base 2 multiplied 6 times and 2 multiplied by itself seven
times is equal to 64
ACTIVITY 3
Expressions Constant Variable Literal Coefficient Numerical Coefficient
1.) 2𝑥³ None x x3 2
2.) 8𝑎² + 1 1 a a2 8
3.) 10𝑚 + 5 5 m m 10
4.) 25𝑧³ – 10 -10 z z 3
25
5.) 40𝑥5𝑦4 + 11 11 x,y x5y4 40
* Refer to the description given above for each each polynomial
ACTIVITY 4

Kind of Kind of
Number Polynomial Polynomial
Given of According to Degree According to
Terms the Number of the Number
Terms of Degree
2 Binomial 1 Linear
1. 3𝑥 + 9
3 Trinomial 2 Quadrtic
2. 8 – 2𝑥 + 7𝑥²
1 Monomial 0 Constant
3. -75
5 Multinomial 4 Quartic
4. 5𝑥4 – 2𝑥³ + 8𝑥 – 𝑥² – 11
3 Trinomial 6 Polynomial of
5. 14 – 9𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥5
degree 6
* Refer to the description given above for each each polynomial

References
Mathematics – Grade 7 Learner’s Material, First Edition, 2014, Authors: Elizabeth R. Aseron;
Angelo D. Armas; Allan M. Canonigo; Ms. Jasmine T. Dullete; Flordeliza F. Franscisco, PhD;
Ian June L. Garces, PhD; Eugenia V. Guerra; Phoebe V. Guerra; Almira D., Lacsina; Rhett
Anthony C. Latonio; Lambert G. Quesada, Ma. Christy R. Reyes; Rechilda P. Villame; Debbie
Marie B. Verzosa, PhD; and Catherine P. Vistro-Yu, PhD, DepEd- IMCS Elementary Algebra

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.
6
(Textbook for First Year), Revised Edition, copyright 2009,SD Publications, Inc, and Julietea G.
Bernabe, Authors: Julieta G. Bernabe; Soledad Jose-Dilao, Ed.D., and Fernando B. Orines

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.
7