7/1/22, 1:13 AM Pile foundations - Design, Construction and Testing Guide - Structural Guide

Structural loads, structural analysis and structural design are simply explained with the worked example for easiness
of understanding. Element designs with notes and discussions have added to get comprehensive knowledge. Also,
construction materials, shoring system design, water retaining structures, crack width calculations, etc. have
discussed in addition to other aspects. 

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► Bridge (3)
► Construction (21) Pile foundations are constructed when it is not possible to build the structure on shallow
► Design (18) foundations. Depending on the nature of the structure and due to the more reasons,
► Design and Construction (33)
selection of pile foundations is made as discussed in the article.
► Design Loads (5)
► Design to BS 5950 (4) We concentrate on following the main topics in this article.
► Design to BS 8110 (13)
► Design to EC2 (12) Pile Foundations – overview 
► Design to EC3 (5)
▼ Foundation Design (32) Pile Foundations Design
»  Borehole investigation and Borehole
Construction of PIies
layout planning
»  Building Foundations design and
Pile Testing
construction guide
»  Cantilever Footing Types and it details
Let’s start with understanding…
»  Combined Footing types and design

What is a Pile Foundation?

considerations
»  Concrete Foundation What is it
»  Concrete Mix for Footings | Facts to be
It is a type of foundation that constructed deep into the ground and mostly circular sections
aware
are used in the construction.
»  Deep Foundations - types and details
»  Design Combined Footing
The shallow foundations rest on the ground and they transfer the vertical loads directly to
»  Design of Pad Footing
the soil. The capacity of the soil is represented as allowable bearing capacity and if the
»  Design of Piles [design a detailed guide]
applied pressure is less than the allowable bearing pressure, the geotechnical design is ok.
»  Design of Strip Footings
»  Driven Pile Foundations Design and
Construction
»  Eccentrically Loaded Foundations
»  Floating Slab Foundations - Design and
Construction
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»  Footing Foundations - guide to design and
construction
»  Foundation Cracks types why they serious
»  How to Determine Foundation Type Succeed online.
»  Mat Foundation Types, Design and
Construction We're here 24/7 to help bring your idea to life online.
»  Pier Foundation [what when types how]
»  Pile Cap Design
»  Pile Design [Things to be Remembered]
»  Pile foundations - Design, Construction in.godaddy.com
and Testing Guide
»  Pile Raft Foundations However, in the pile foundations, different methods and different parameters are used.
»  Settlement of Shallow Foundations
»  Shallow Foundations types and Soil skin friction (positive and negative), skin friction of the weathered rock, skin friction in
applications the rock, and end bearing of the rock are considered in the design.
»  Skin Friction of Soil [ why it important ]
»  Spread Footing Types, Design and
Construction
»  Strap Footing types and design procedure
»  Types of Footings Used in Construction
»  Types of Foundations [ a detailed study]
»  Types of House Foundations
»  Underpinning [art of foundation
improvement]
► Geotechnical Design (12)
► Materials (41)
► Post Tension (2)
► Retaining Structures (11)
► Seismic Design (8) Why When Piles Need to Support the Structure
► Servisibility Design (17)
► Special Designs (25)
When the vertical loads applied on the foundation can not be carried by shallow
► Structural Detaling (14) foundations due to low bearing capacity.
► Structural Failures (5) When there are week soil layers such as peat presents in the soil
► Testing (13)

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To carry the tensile forces applied to the foundation. Piles can be anchored into the rock
to carry tensile forces.
To carry lateral loads (compression) applied to the foundation. An inclined pile will be
constructed to carry both the compression and tensile forces.
When vertical loads are very high, especially in tall buildings, soil bearing capacity is not
adequate to carry such loads. we need piles.

Factors affecting Design and Construction of Pile

Foundations
Loads from the superstructure
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7/1/22, 1:13 AM Pile foundations - Design, Construction and Testing Guide - Structural Guide

Condition of the soil. Depending on the nature of the soil, the skin friction will be
varying. When there are soil layers like peat, negative skin friction needs to be
considered in the geotechnical design of the pile.
Condition of the rock. RQD and CR values determined from borehole investigation are
highly influential on the pile capacities.
The cost of construction is also a major factor considered when selecting piles as a
supporting system.
Accessibility to the site shall be checked.
Clearances from the boundaries shall be checked
Limitation of the vibrations and sound levels shall be checked. Excessive vibration could
cause damages to adjoin properties.

Types of Pile Foundations

This categorization was made based on the type of material used in the construction of pile
and based on the nature of the construction.

1. Bored Piles / Cast in situ piles

2. Driven Piles/ precast piles
3. Micro piles
4. Sheet Piles
5. Timber Piles
6. Screw Piles

Bored Piles or Cast in Situ Piles

The most commonly and widely used type of pile. In majority of structures constructed from
pile foundations, board pile can be observed.

Pile is socketed into the rock. Depending on the nature of the load and amount of the load,
depth of embedment in the rock will vary.

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