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ProgWeb - 01a - Evolution of The Web

The document discusses the evolution of the World Wide Web from its origins to modern developments. It begins with Tim Berners-Lee's initial development of ENQUIRE and his 1989 proposal for the World Wide Web. It then covers the growth of the Web through various stages including the founding of the W3C. The document outlines trends from static Web 1.0 to today's interactive Web 2.0 and discusses potential future developments such as the Semantic Web and Web of Things.

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FAHMI RINALDI
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52 views25 pages

ProgWeb - 01a - Evolution of The Web

The document discusses the evolution of the World Wide Web from its origins to modern developments. It begins with Tim Berners-Lee's initial development of ENQUIRE and his 1989 proposal for the World Wide Web. It then covers the growth of the Web through various stages including the founding of the W3C. The document outlines trends from static Web 1.0 to today's interactive Web 2.0 and discusses potential future developments such as the Semantic Web and Web of Things.

Uploaded by

FAHMI RINALDI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Evolution of The Web

by Nam Vu Hoang
T-106.5820
Evolution of the Web
➢History of the Web
➢Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0/4.0
➢Web application framework
➢Several new Web technologies
First Web

http://info.cern.ch
World Wide Web: first steps
 1980 Tim Berners-Lee developed
“ENQUIRE” as a simple hypertext
system for CERN
 1989 he presented
Project proposal for WWW

Birthplace of Web – CERN


(International research center for high
energy physics located near Geneva)
ENQUIRE: simple hypertext program
Eary Web Browser
World Wide Web Consortium
 Founded in 1994 and directed by Tim Berners-Lee
 Main international standards organization for theWWW
 Produced over one hundred Recommendations covering
HTML, XML, CSS, Web Services, Semantic Web & many more
 ~320 members (Apple, BBC, Ericson, Google, LG, MS, Nokia, …)
 Open process and patent policy designed to enable royalty fee
implementations of W3C specifications
From initial simplicity to rapid evolution
 Core of Web (really simple to encourage widespread adoption):
 Simple hypertext markup language (HTML)
 Simple protocol (HTTP) with global addresses
 Designed to be rendered on wide range of devices (depends on browser)
 Rapid evolution:
 Exponential growth in Web traffic
 Addition of capabilities to HTML & HTTP
 New Web and XML standards
 Plenty of Web technologies
 Competition with proprietary formats
 Dozens of web browsers
 Browser wars won by Internet Explorer
So what is the Web? The Web is…
 From usual user perspective:
…the set of HTML pages that can be accessed fromWeb browsers
 According to W3C:
...an information space in which the items of interest, referred to as resources, are
identified by global identifiers called Uniform Resources Identifiers (URI)
 http://www.w3.org/TR/webarch/

 Earlier version (in terms of a system rather than a space):


… a networked information system consisting of agents (programs acting on
behalf of a person, entity, or process) that exchange information
 http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-webarch-20030627/
Evolution of Web
Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0/4.0 (?)
Focus Static Web pages InteractiveWeb 3D Web, Semantic Web,
applications Real world web
Central User-to-user, Computer-to-computer
interaction B2C, B2B, etc.
Data Limited group of Most of Web users Users & Machines
publishers people ("the computer is generating new
information", rather than humans)
Role of Preliminary Active sharing, Sharing, controlling real things
users passive viewing interchanging data
No of users 45 000 000 1 000 000 000 000
(1996) (2006)
Typical Portals, home pages, Social networks,
samples simple web blogs, wikis, video
applications (guest sharing, hosted
books) services, mashups etc.
Web application framework
 Example: CodeIgniter, Simfony, Prado, ASP.Net, JSP

http://www.conjective.ch/images/j4e-architecture.gif
A few words about new Web technologies

 Semantic Web
 is man-made Web of Data that is meaningful
to computers
 its central part is the graph-based data model
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
 labeled links can be regarded as subject-predicate-
object triples (sentences)

The Semantic Web stack


Current Trends of Industry
 Trend #1: Electronic things are invading us
 increasingly powerful CPUs
 sensors & actuators
 ubiquitous
 Trend #2: Rapidly evolving network technologies
 Ethernet over twisted pair
 DSL over copper phone lines
 Ethernet over building power wiring
 WiFi and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microware Access)
 Bluetooth
 ZigBee sensor networks
 GSM and cellular packet radio
Current Trends of Industry (contd.)
 Trend #3: The future is Internet of Things (post-PC)
 Cloud Services accessed via heterogeneous devices
 New risks and opportunities!
 But: Academic and industry is focusing on networking & low level services
 Internet of Things, not yet the Web of Things
Current Trends of Industry (contd.)
 Trend #4: Smart device application is fastest growing sector in software
development industry
 use of traditional languages (allow low-level control)
 platform-depended

C/C++, HTML, C/C++,


Java, JavaScript, Java,
C#... ASP/ASP.NET C#...
PHP, JSP,
AJAX…
Future Vision
➢Internet of Things for home and offices
➢Internet of Things for business

“Web 3.0 can be defined as the first-generation Metaverse (convergence of the virtual and
physical world)” – futurist John Smart, lead author of the Metaverse Roadmap
Sample Application of IoT for Home
Home network example
The Value of IoT for Home and Offices
 Reduced costs of heating, cooling and lighting for homes and offices
 Improved physical security and peace of mind
 Preventative maintenance in advance of appliances breaking down
 Improved standard of care for the elderly
 Better choices for home entertainment systems
 Fulfilling the potential for applications that combine local and remote
services
Sample Application of IoT for Business
Business network example
Sample application of Web of Things
 Future vision (Microsoft)
 http://www.microsoft.com/office/vision/
 The “Social Web of Things” (Ericson):
 http://youtu.be/i5AuzQXBsG4
Why Web of Things?
➢Problems
➢Web is the solution
➢Web + Things = Web of Things
Problems
 How to create easily interactive applications that can
 combine various heterogeneous devices:
 smart sensors/actuators
 devices which require readers (RFID and barcodes)
 gateways between different networking technologies
 devices with programmable behaviour (via XML, scripts or byte codes)
 and work across:
 different networking technologies
 different generations of devices
 different vendors
 different trust boundaries?
Problems (contd.)
 How to ensure that yesterday’s services will work with
tomorrow’s devices and vice versa
 mix of product generations and technologies
 need for layered architecture that cleanly separates out different
concerns
 critical importance of standards?
Web is the solution
Web is the solution
 We need an universal protocol that is simple, lightweight,
loosely-coupled, scalable, flexible and hopefully… standard:
 standards encourage a bigger market with many more players &
innovation
 Sounds like… the Web
 Other advantages:
 TCP/IP & Web are granted, cheap, ubiquitous
 Development of Web apps: quick, cheap, popular
 Get features of Web for free, just connect devices
 New technologies: cloud computing, Semantic Web, etc.

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