Lesson 10 Application of Work Energy Method: Overview

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LESSON 10

APPLICATION OF WORK ENERGY METHOD

Overview:
Work is defined as the product of force and displacement.. A force is said
to do positive work if (when applied) it has a component in the direction of the
displacement of the point of application. A force does negative work if it has a
component opposite to the direction of the displacement at the point of
application of the force. Kinetic energy is defined as the work needed to
accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Application of
work-energy will be explained in this lesson.

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, the students can:
1. Explain the fundamentals of work and kinetic energy
2. Solve problems involving work-energy

Materials Needed:
Hand-outs, Chalkboard/chalk, Eraser, Laptop, Projector and PPT
presentation

Duration: 4 hours

Learning Content:
FUNDAMENTAL OF WORK AND ENERGY
The fundamental of work and energy is expressed as the resultant work on a
translating body is equal to the corresponding change in kinetic energy.
Positive Work – Negative Work = Change in Kinetic Energy
1W 1W
𝞢 F.S = V2 2 - V1 2
2g 2g
1W
𝞢 F.S = (V2 2 - V1 2)
2g
1
𝞢 F.S = m (V2 2 - V1 2 )
2
Where:
𝞢 F.S = resultant work
1 2 2
m (V2 - V1 ) = change in kinetic energy
2

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The Relation of Distance, Velocity and Acceleration of block A and B supported
by cables.

APPLICATION OF WORK-ENERGY METHOD


Example No. 1
A constant force P = 750 N acts on the
body shown during only the first 6 meters
of its motion starting from rest, if μ = 0.20,
find the velocity of the body after it has
moved a total distance of 9 meters.
Solution:
3
N1 = 1,600 – 750(5) = 1,150 N

F1 = μ N1 = 0.20 (1,150) = 230 N


N2 = 1,600 N
F2 = μ N2 = 0.20 (1,600) = 320 N
1𝑊
𝞢 Positive work – 𝞢 Negative work = (V2 2 - V1 2 )
2𝑔

4 1(1,600)
750 ( ) (6) -230(6) -320(3) = (V2 2 - 02 )
5 2(9.81)
1,600
1,260 = (V2 2 )
2(9.81)

V2 = 3.93 m/s2

Example No. 2
After the block in the figure has moved 3 meters from rest, the constant force P =
600 N is removed. Find the velocity of the block when it returns to its initial
position.

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Solution:
4
N = 500 (5) = 400 N

F = μ N = 0.20(400 N) = 80 N

From A to C:
1𝑊
𝞢 Positive work – 𝞢 Negative work = (V2 2 - V1 2 )
2𝑔
3
600(3) – 80(3+S) – 500( )(3+S) = (02 – 02)
5

1,800 – 240 – 80S – 900 -300S = 0


660 = 380S
S = 1.74 m

From C to A:
1𝑊
𝞢 Positive work – 𝞢 Negative work = (V3 2 - V1 2 )
2𝑔

1(500)
300(4.74) – 80(4.74) = (V 2 )
2(9.81) 3

1,042.8 = 25.48V3 2
V3 = 6.4 m/s (velocity of block when it returns to its initial position)

Example No. 3
What force P will give the system of bodies shown a velocity of 9 m/sec after 6
meters from rest?

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Solution:
N1 = 250 N
F1 = μ N1 = 0.20(250) = 50 N
N2 = 1,000 (Cos 450) = 707 N
F2 = μ N2 = 0.20(707) = 141.4 N
N3 = 500 N
F3 = μ N3 = 0.20(500) = 100 N
1𝑊
𝞢 Positive work – 𝞢 Negative work = (V2 2 - V1 2 )
2𝑔

1(1,750) 2
P (6) – 50(6) – 141.4(6) -1,000 Sin 450 (6) – 100(6) = (9 - 02 )
2(9.81)
P = 2,203 N

Learning Activity:
Seatwork
Find the velocity of body A in the figure after it has
moved 3 meters from rest. Assume the pulleys to be
weightless and frictionless.

Answer VA = 2.31 m/sec

Learning Evaluation:
Solve the following problems neatly. Show all your solutions:
1. Through what distance will body A move in changing its velocity from 1.8
m/sec to 3.6 m/sec?

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Answer S = 2.72 m

2. Determine the velocity attained by block A after moving a distance of 3.6


meters starting from rest.

Answer VA = 2.14 m/sec


3. In what distance will block A attain a velocity of 3.6 meters starting from rest?

Answer S = 10.2 m

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References:
Arreola, M. A. (1996). Engineering Mechanics. KEN, Inc.
Besavilla, V. I. (1986). Engineering Mechanics. 2nd edition. VIB Publisher
Estanero, et. al. (2008). Principles of Engineering Mechanics: Statics. C and E
Publishing, DLSU – Manila
Singer, F. L (1980). Engineering Mechanics. 3nd edition. New York. Harper and
Row
Timoshenko, S & Young, D. H. (1956). Engineering Mechanics. Tokyo. McGraw-
Hill

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