Cdeo Clup Vol 1 - Clup

Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Planning Management Team (PMT) and the Technical Working Group (TWG)
for the updating of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Cagayan de Oro
City acknowledges with appreciation the following:
 The Housing and Land use Regulatory Board – Northern Mindanao Region
for providing technical assistance during the modular workshops;
 The National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) – Region 10 for

providing technical and financial assistance in the preparation of the Disaster
Risk Assessment (DRA) Report;
 The United Nations (UN) Habitat for providing technical and financial
assistance in the preparation of the Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
(VAA) Report;
 The representatives of the different sectors who actively participated in the

workshops and consultations and for providing data and relevant information
concerning their respective sectors:
 Non-Government Organizations
 Government Organizations and Line Agencies
 Academe
 Business Sector;
 City Mayor Oscar S. Moreno for giving his full support to the project;
 Vice Mayor Cesar Ian E. Acenas and Members of the City Council for taking
the lead as chairman of the different sectors;
 The City Government Department Heads and Chiefs of Offices for providing
data and for helping coordinate the formulation of priority programs and
projects with their respective sectoral groups.
Engr. ISIDRO G. BORJA

City Planning and Development Coordinator
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Executive Summary
The Cagayan de Oro City Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the period 2013 to
2022 was prepared pursuant to the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160),
which mandated the Local Government Units, to “prepare their comprehensive
land use plans and enact them through zoning ordinances”.
This plan has been prepared by the City Government of Cagayan de Oro with
technical assistance from the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
and National Economic Development Authority (NEDA). The Plan is meant to guide
the city’s future physical development and to steer the city’s growth as the business
and trading center of Southern Philippines. It provides a framework of goals,
objectives, strategies and actions required for the city by the year 2022.
I. Vision
“A city managed through good governance, empowering its citizenry to thrive in a

highly competitive economy and a sustainable environment nurturing its diversity and
multi-cultural heritage towards a resilient, progressive, and inclusive future.”
II. Brief Situationer
Demography
Cagayan de Oro is the 10th most populous city in the country with a total population
of 602,088 based on May 2010 Census of National Statistics Office and constitutes
14.01% of the total population in Region X. Its annual population growth rate (APGR)
of 2.69% from 2000-2010 is higher than that of the National and Region X which is
2.32%. The high APGR is mainly due to immigration from adjoining municipalities.
The population will double in the span of 23 years or in 2036 (CdeO SEP, 2011).
Cagayan de Oro has a population density of 11 persons per hectare. Among the
densely populated barangays are as follows: Macabalan, Consolacion, Lapasan,
Barangays 12,13,17,18,19,22,25,26,32,34,35, Nazareth and Carmen. These
barangays are located along Cagayan River and near Macajalar Bay which exposes
more people to the risk of overflowing waterways during heavy downpour.
Local Economy
The city plays a very important economic role not only in Region X but also in the
whole Mindanao Island.
Revenue Sources - The City gets its income and other revenue from the
following: taxes; fees, permits & licenses, business and services, subsidies
from the national government and other sources. Total revenue generated in
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2011 amounted to PhP1.72 Billion. The biggest source of income is the

Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) of 52.46%.
Agriculture - About 34.65% of the City’s total land area (57,851.00 has) is
devoted to agriculture in 2011 and 33.27% in 2012. Of the agricultural, cover
6,008.40 hectares are devoted to crops in 2011 and 3,854.50 has. in 2012.
Crops produced are both food and commercial crops. Food crops include rice,
corn and vegetables while commercial crops are abaca, banana, cacao and
coffee, root crops and fruits and nuts.
Livestock and Poultry - Hogs’ population is highest among the livestock,
comprising 59.2% in 2011 and 62.2% in 2012. Similarly, hogs ranks highest in
number which is 87.4% of the total slaughtered animals in 2011 and 87.2 % in
2012. All animals slaughtered passed the meat inspection standard.
Trade and Industry - Wholesale and retail remain highest in number
constituting 61% in 2011and 59.7% in 2012. The top ten establishments can
be gleaned in the table below. The other top Major Industries are Services
and Financial. The lowest among industries is Agriculture/Fishery sector.
Tourism - Major attractions in the City consist of natural and man-made
spots. Accommodations, Dining & Night Life, and Recreational Facilities are
comparatively splendid. The whitewater rafting in Cagayan River has been
one of the most famous tourism activities in CDO.
III Urban Development Challenges of Cagayan de Oro City
The availability and accessibility of the City to public services, key facilities, and
critical infrastructures serves as a magnet to attract more people towards to City.
This urban phenomenon drains the service delivery capacity of the city and poses a
lot of urban development issues. Informality, poverty and vulnerability, and slums are
increasingly becoming the key social and underdevelopment issues in the city.
Listed below are the general urban development challenges faced by the City.
Urban development issues faced by the city
Key Areas Priority Issues

 Need assistance for the preparation of Comprehensive Development
Plan (incorporating elements for sustainable urban development)
 Weak regulation and planning to manage slums (land management
issues) and limited knowledge/approaches and experiences on
Urban
resettlement development and management
Planning
 Weak enforcement of zoning ordinance (e.g. cleared areas, danger
areas)
 Need technical assistance for city expansion and urban growth,
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resettlement of households in danger areas, commercial use (mix-

use development)- proposed site for city extension: west uptown and
western growth nodes – preparation of “sustainable” urban design
and technologies (green technologies)
 Limited baseline tool and data-base management for urban planning
 Presence of informal settlers
 Traffic Congestion
 Frequent Flooding
 Inadequate Supply of Potable Water in some areas
 Water Pollution and Contamination
 Frequent flooding in business districts
 High level of GHG emission
 City Economic Enterprises not meeting Operations & Maintenance

costs(subsidized)
 Limited livelihood and employment support for resettlement areas
(5,000 families from sending and the communities within danger
Urban areas
Economy &  Insufficient/low income
Finance  Mismatched skills and the need of the industry
 Low farm productivity
 Unregulated mining activities
 Low agricultural productivity
 Undeveloped tourism sites
 Limited baseline on Vulnerability (impact quantification, detailed) and
enhancement of the City DRRM Plan
 Need training support/capacity building for City DRRM office
DRRM and  Problems on flooding/drainage system (also linked to urban
CCA planning)
 Training on climate change adaptation and urban development
 encroachment of vendors to sidewalks/pedestrian

 Need to have a city wide and comprehensive transport plan.
Considering the closure of Lumbia Airport, the city has to prepare its
mobility and connectivity plan to the new international airport
Urban
(Laguindingan Airport)
Mobility
 Problem on parking areas, lack of green parking spaces (potential
demo project)
Urban  High carbon emission (transport)- need support for city regulation
Energy and guidelines
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 Low capacity of LGU on urban energy standards (guidelines,

minimum design, green building, etc.)- no clear local policy yet on
energy efficiency and conservation
 Demand for urban renewal (small sidewalks/blighted areas)/land re-

adjustment intervention
 No clear policy on migration
 Boundary disputes with neighboring areas- need support for land
Governance assessment, inventory and administration
& Land  Need support/technical assistance on urban expansion development
Management and designing
 Inadequate protective services facilities
 Absence of established evacuation centers
 Absence of social welfare center
Comparative/Competitive Advantages
 Gateway to Northern Mindanao

 Center of trade/transshipment point in the region
 Competitive transportation services
 Presence of multi-national investors (SM, Ayala, LKKS)
 Major tourism destination in Northern Mindanao
 21.062 km coastline potential for coastal tourism
 Presence of fishing grounds
 Modern facilities (health, school, market, terminal…)
 Strong public-private partnership
 Well-developed telecom facilities/power supply/road networks
 Existing natural resources and heritage(rivers, caves, flora and fauna,
forest),natural landscapes (plateaus, gorges, terraces)
IV Major Development Goals & Objectives
 The upliftment of socio-economic condition by empowering the

citizenry for a safe, healthy and secured community integrating the
principles of DRR-CCA
 To promote safe, peaceful, orderly, healthy and CCA+DRR resilient
community
 To improve the quality of education
 To Implement housing and urban development-related initiatives
 To promote vvalues formation in the community
 To promote skills development and technology transfer
 To provide livelihood opportunities.
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 Strong and responsive governance

 To strengthen government-private collaboration
 To strictly implement environmental and other laws and ordinances
 To improve efficiency in fiscal management
 To promote transparency and accountability in government
transactions
 Sustainable development for the protection and utilization of natural

resources for inclusive growth
 To preserve natural tourist attractions and cultural heritage sites
 To protect, maintain and enhance inland and coastal waters
 To ensure effective solid and liquid waste disposal
 To arrest degradation and rehabilitate denuded forest areas
 To promote sustainable use of mineral resources
 To protect wildlife and vegetation and preserve biodiversity
 To minimize occurrence of flooding in the low lying areas and along
the riverbanks and its adjoining areas
 To minimize air pollution in the Urban areas
 To protect and conserve ground and surface water
 Investment Enabling City

 To maintain good peace and order condition
 To promote green and disaster resilient infrastructure
 To provide infrastructure facilities and utility support
 To Increase agricultural productivity
 To organize and develop alternative livelihood system
 To provide adequate supply of potable water
 To strengthen human resources development
 To promote private-public partnership
 To reduce cost of doing business
V Preferred Development Thrust
Major Spatial Development Strategies
1. Entice development through the provision of basic and excellent facilities

in identified growth areas (Western Urban Development, West-Uptown
Urban Development, East-Uptown Urban Development, and Eastern
Urban Development).
2. Conservation and protection of natural sites and heritage i.e. gorges

landscape, critical habitat, wetlands and river system (Macahambus,
Mambuaya, FS Catanico, Malasag, Dansolihon, Bayanga, Cugman,
Agusan, Indahag, Balubal)
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3. Incorporate provisions of pedestrian (walkways, bicycle lane) on proposed

road right- of- way (Divisoria, Poblacion)
4. Identify and legally declare built heritage sites in Divisoria, Taguanao and
Poblacion and regulate building heights, architecture and color for
historical-cultural tourism
5. Intensify and sustain urban greening in Poblacion, Isla de Oro and along
riverbanks
6. Establish new sanitary landfill in Pagatpat/other suitable alternative site
7. Enforce the setback requirements along public roads for yield

points/loading-unloading bay
8. Intensify greening and fruit tree growing in sloping areas of Barangays

Bayanga, Lumbia, Agusan, Baikingon, Besigan, Camaman-an, Canitoan,
Carmen, Taglimao, Pigsag-an, Balulang, Tignapoloan, and Dansolihon
9. Light-Medium Industrial Areas – Tablon, Cugman, Agusan, Bugo, Puerto,
Lumbia
10. Mangrove reforestation - Bayabas, Bonbon, Agusan, Tablon, Cugman,

Bugo, Puerto, Bulua
11. Provision of structural mitigation measures (special land use planning) for
hazard prone areas
12. Provision of housing for settlers in blighted areas
Development of Urban Centers
Urban Expansion Area # 1 - Western Urban Development

Serve as major convergence point for goods and products, people and
transport service to and from the western part of the region as well as
Laguindingan Airport.
House new commercial mixed use medium to high density pedestrian friendly
center for CdeO
Urban Expansion Area #2 - West-Uptown Urban Development

Covering Barangays Carmen, Canitoan, Lumbia and Pagatpat. This will be a
medium to high-density, mixed-use pedestrian friendly center with high end,
low-density type of development for residential and commercial uses. The
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Lumbia Airport shall be converted into an industrial area/economic zone now

that the Laguindingan Airport is operational.
Urban Expansion #3 - East-Uptown Urban Development Area

Located in Barangays Gusa, Indahag, Macasandig and Camaman-an. This
area will have the same function as that of the West-Uptown Development
Area with the presence of high-end subdivisions like the Fil-Estate Subdivision
and Alegria Hills. Presence of convention center, presence of government
institution (Court of Appeals in Indahag), high end residential, heritage area
(Huluga Cave in Indahag).
Urban Expansion #4 - Eastern Urban Development

This area is composed of the following sub-nodes, namely: Upper Puerto,
which is identified as an Agro-Industrial Area; Lower Puerto and Bugo which
are existing industrial and residential areas; Agusan and Balubal, which are
hosts to high-end subdivisions; Tablon, which is an existing industrial area;
and, Palalan, Tablon, which is identified for Agro-Tourism.
Urban Expansion Area #5 - Downtown Development Area

This area is composed the existing major urban center of the City, the
Poblacion/Carmen and its contiguous areas comprising the present Central
Business District (CBD) expanding to Lapasan, Gusa, Puntod, Macabalan,
and Patag. The Poblacion (CBD) is host to the city government center, major
trade businesses and financial facilities serving both the individual and
business sector needs of the City.
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VI The Land Use Plan
A. General Land and Water Uses
Proposed General Land Use
DESCRIPTION AREA (has) % to total
AGRICULTURAL 14,760 26%

FOREST 27,730 48%
TOURISM 1,167 2%
URBAN LAND USE 12,123 21%
TOTAL 55,781
AREA COVERED BY UTILITIES/ROADS/ETC 2,070 4%
TOTAL LAND AREA 57,851 100%
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Urban Land Uses
Proposed Urban Land Use
DESCRIPTION AREA (has) % to total

AGRO-INDUSTRIAL 1,189 10%
BUSINESS DISTRICT 219 2%
GENERAL INSTITUTIONAL 373 3%
HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA 113 1%
INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT 285 2%
LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA 550 5%
MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA 8,452 70%
OTHER COMMERCIAL DISTRICT 470 4%
PARKS/OPEN SPACES 325 3%
SOCIALIZED HOUSING 69 1%
SWAMP/MARSHLAND 80 1%
TOTAL 12,123 100%
VII Proposed Major Programs and Projects
A. Development of Urban Growth Areas
1. Western Urban Development Plan

 Commercial Strip along Western Coastal Highway
 Completion and widening of western coastal highway
 Main drain (canal)
 Waste water treatment
 Preservation and expansion of wetlands in Bulua, bonbon
and Bayabas.
2. West-Uptown Urban Development Plan

 Development Master and Urban Design Plan
 Road Network Development
 Green belt along more than 18% slope areas
 Tree parks in subdivisions
 Main drain at Lumbia from airport going to Calaanan
Creek
 Waste water treatment for subdivisions
 Retention/Detention basins
 Rain Harvesting Facilities for commercial establishments
and residential
 Retirement community
 Provision of multi-purpose and socio-economic centers
(reading centers, parks, and the like
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3. East-Uptown Urban Development Plan

 Slope protection/regulated development
 Green belt areas & tree parks in subdivision projects
 Retention/Detention Basins
 Rain Harvesting for commercial establishments and
residential
4. Eastern Urban Development Plan
 JR Borja Extension shall be connected to Agusan,

Balubal and Puerto.
 Concreting from Agusan to Manolo Fortich Highway
 Green belt along more than 18% slope areas
 Tree parks in subdivisions
 Rain Harvesting Facility for commercial establishments
and residential
 Slope protection/regulated development
 Regulate/Limit industrial land use along coastal area at
Tablon
 Harmonize the various land uses in Tablon and enhance
the ecology (mangrove reforestation)
 Livelihood improvement for the marginal fisherfolks
affected at the same time retain the industrial base
 Provision of multi-purpose and socio-economic centers
(reading centers, parks, and the like)
 Agro-Tourism development at Palalan, Tablon
 Secondary Road (20m) Network for Palalan, Tablon
5. Downtown Urban Development Plan
 Expanded Downtown Master Plan

 Provision of sidewalks and pedestrian lanes
 Waste water Interceptors along Cagayan de Oro River
 Green belt areas at Islas de Oro, Bugnaw, Baksan
 Rain Harvesting facility for commercial establishments
and residential
 Urban renewal for blighted areas
 River front development project
 Urban greening of Divisoria
 Mixed high-density residential and commercial
establishments at Poblacion
 Parking Buildings
B. Natural sites and Heritage Development

C. Pedestrian Network Development
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D. Transport Master Plan

 Downtown check-in and shuttle for airport passengers
from Cagayan de Oro to Laguindingan Airport
 Fast craft to Laguindingan Airport
 Introduction of new traffic scheme
E. Drainage System Master Plan

F. Urban Greening Program
G. Wastewater Management Plan
1. Septage Management Plan (Septage Treatment Plant)
2. Waste water Interceptor
3. Waste water Treatment Plant
H. Solid Waste Management Plan

1. Sanitary Landfill at Pagatpat
2. Closure/Rehab of Dagong Dumpsite
3. Transfer Station
4. Material Recovery Facility
I. Reforestation Program
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CDC RESOLUTION approving the CLUP i

SP RESOLUTION adopting the CLUP ii
RLUC RESOLUTION endorsing the CLUP iii
FOREWORD v
MESSAGE OF THE VICE MAYOR vi
Acknowledgment vii
Executive Summary viii
Table of Contents xxi
List of Tables xxiv
List of Maps xxv
Annexes xxvi
Chapter 1 Brief Profile of the City 1
1.1. Brief History 2
1.2. Human Resources 2
1.2.1 Population Size and Growth Rate 3

1.2.2 Population Density 3
1.2.3 Population Distribution 6
1.2.4 Labor Force 7
1.3. Physical Features 8
1.3.1 Geographic Location 8

1.3.2 Land Area 8
1.3.3 Territorial Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision 9
1.4. Physical/Infrastructure Resources 13
1.4.1 Transportation Network 13
1.4.1.1 Land Transportation 13

1.4.1.2 Air Transportation 13
1.4.1.3 Sea Transportation 16
1.4.2 Services/Facilities/Utilities/Amenities 16
1.4.2.1 Power 16
1.4.2.2 Water 18
1.4.2.3 Communication Network 20
1.4.2.4 Waste Management 20
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1.5. The Economic Structure 22
1.5.1 Revenue Sources 22

1.5.2 Employment 23
1.5.3 Average Family Income 23
1.6. Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends 24
General Land Use 24

Urban Land Use 29
1.7. Comparative/Competitive Advantage 34

1.8. Weaknesses: Priority Issues and Concerns 34
1.9. Functional Role of the City 35
Chapter 2 Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment 36
2.1 Disaster Risk Assessment 36
2.1.1 Summary of Areas Susceptible to Hazards 36

2.1.2 Risk Evaluation 45
2.2 Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment 52
2.2.1 Assessment Framework and Methodology 52

2.2.2 Cross-Sectoral Analysis 52
2.2.2.1 Threat Level 52
2.2.2.2 Adaptive Capacity Status 68
2.2.3 Identifying Key Adaptation Options 72
Chapter 3 The Comprehensive Land Use Plan 86
3.1 Introduction 86
3.2 Vision 86
3.3 Goals, Objectives, Strategies 86
3.3.1 Goals 86
3.3.2 Objectives 86
3.3.3 Strategies 89
3.3.3.1 Social 89
3.3.3.2 Economic 90
3.3.3.3 Infrastructure 90
3.3.3.4 Land Use and Environment 91
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3.4 The Concept/Structure Plan 92
3.4.1 Preferred Development Thrust 93

3.4.2 Major Spatial Development Strategies 93
3.5 The Land Use Plan 96
3.5.1 Urban Land Demand 96

3.5.2 Land Supply 96
3.5.3 General Land and Water Uses 96
3.5.4 Urban Land and Water Uses 99
3.5.5 Development Directions/Guidelines/Policies 105
3.5.5.1 Urban Development-Growth Areas 105
3.5.5.1.1 Urban Expansion Area # 1 105

(Western Urban Development Area)

(West Uptown Development Area)

(East Uptown Development Area)

(Eastern Urban Development Area)

(Downtown Development Area)
3.6 Land Use Sector Policy Options 115

3.7 Land Use and Environment Priority Programs and Projects 127
3.7.1 Land Use Sector 127

3.7.2 Environment Sector 127
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page

1.1 Historical Growth of Population, 1903-2010 3
1.2 Urban-Rural Population Density, 2010 4
1.3 Population by Urban and Rural Barangay, 2010 6
1.4 Labor Force Population, 2010 7
1.5 Land Area by Barangay by District, 2010 8
1.6 Schedule of Flights, 2013 (Laguindingan Airport) 13
1.7 Number of Household Served by Distribution Utility, 2012 16
1.8 Status of Water Supply System, 2012 18
1.9 Income Generation by Source for the Last Three (3) 22
Years (2009-2011)
1.10 Employment Rate, 2010 23
1.11 Comparative General Land Use (2000 & 2012) 27
1.12 Comparative Urban Land Use (2000 & 2012) 32
2.1 Summary of Areas Susceptible to Hazards 36
2.2 Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies 48
2.3 Average Threat Level Scores Across All Five 52
Development Sectors
2.4 Perceived Adaptive Capacity 68
2.5 Average Rating per Adaptive Capacity Dimension 69
2.6 Relative Vulnerability to Hazard 70
2.7 Relative Vulnerability per Sector 71
2.8 Long List of Adaptation Options Obtained from City-Wide 82
Consultation Workshop
3.1 Proposed General Land and Water Use 97
3.2 Proposed Urban Land and Water Use 102
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ANNEXES
Annex A Goal Achievement Matrix (Final Ranking) 131

Annex B Assessing Single Actions for DRR – 134
Land Use and Environment Sector
Annex C Disaster Risk Assessment Report 148
 Historical Occurrence of Hazards, 1916-2012 149
Annex D Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Report 151
 Monthly Average Temperature (1981-2010) 152
 Average Monthly Rainfall & No. of Rainy Days
(1981-2010) 153
 Total Annual Number of Typhoons in Cagayan de
Oro City 154
 Seasonal temperature change (°C) in 2020 and
2050 under medium-range emission scenario for
Cagayan de Oro City 155
 Projected Change in Monthly Average
Temperature 156
 Seasonal rainfall change (in %) in 2020 and 2050
under medium range-emission scenario for
Cagayan de Oro City 156
 Projected Change in Monthly Average Rainfall for
2020 and 2050 157
 Frequency of extreme events in 2020 and 2050
under medium-range emission scenario in
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provinces of Region 10
Annex E 159
Workshop Pictures
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LIST OF MAPS
Map No. Title Page

1.1 Population Density Map 5
1.2 Region X Map 10
1.3 Base Map 11
1.4 Barangay Boundary Map 12
1.5 Road Network Map 14
1.6 Urban Road Network Map 15
1.7 Electric Power Facilities of Cagayan de Oro City 17
1.8 Water Facilities Map 19
1.9 Location Map of Sanitary Landfill 21
1.10 Existing General Land Use Map 28
1.11 Existing Urban Land Use Map 33
2.1 Flashflood Typhoon Sendong and Pablo Map 40
2.2 Geohazard Map 41
2.3 Liquefaction Risk Map 42
2.4 Tsunami Risk Map 43
2.5 Earthquake Induced Landslide Hazard Map 44
2.6 Social Sector Risk Map 54
2.7 Economic Sector Risk Map 55
2.8 Infrastructure Sector Risk Map 56
2.9 Environment Sector Risk Map 57
2.10 Land Use Sector Risk Map 58
2.11 Multi-Hazard Risk Map 59
2.12 Drought Vulnerability Map of Cagayan de Oro City 60
2.13 Flood Vulnerability Map of Cagayan de Oro City 61
2.14 Landslide Vulnerability Map of Cagayan de Oro City 62
3.1 The Structure Plan 95
3.2 General Land Use Plan 98
3.3 Urban Land Use Plan 103
3.4 Transport Network and Circulation Pattern 104
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Cagayan de Oro City 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
Chapter 1
Brief Profile of
the City
Chapter 1 – Brief Profile of the City Page 1

1.1 Brief History
The City's history dates back many centuries before the Spaniards came
when the territory was called Kalambagohan. Its main town, Himologan, was
an uphill fortress situated some eight kilometers south of the present
Poblacion.
At the time when the first Spanish missionaries came in 1622, the people of
Cagayan had tributary relation to Kudarat, the Muslim Sultan of Maguindanao
Empire in Cotabato. However, the people had not embraced Islam and
instead, many became Christians after sometime. Because of this, Muslim
warriors began to attack the settlement. As a defense strategy, the priests
persuaded the people to transfer from the hilltop to a better location which is
the present site of the Saint Augustine Cathedral. The Cagayanons were able
to defend themselves for almost 250 years from Muslim harassment.
In 1738, Spanish dominance was felt in Cagayan. When Misamis gained

status of province in 1818, one of its four districts was the Partidos de
Cagayan.
In 1871, the "Partidos" became a town and was made permanent capital of
Misamis. In 1883, the town became seat of the Spanish government in
Mindanao for the provinces of Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental,
Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte. Consequently, from a purely farming-fishing area,
Cagayan emerged into a booming commerce and trade center.
The war years in Cagayan were prompted by the presence of the Americans
in 1898. The Americans were initially and successfully repulsed by the local
forces led by Major Apolinar Velez at the historic battle of Macahambus in
June 4, 1900.
After the troubled years, peace finally brought back the economic activities to
normal under the guidance of Americans. St. Augustine School, the
forerunner of the present Xavier University and of Lourdes College, was
inaugurated in 1928.
On June 15, 1950 President Elpidio Quirino signed Republic Act No. 521,
which granted the status of a chartered city to the municipality of Cagayan de
Oro.
Following these events, the socio-economic order underwent some far-

reaching changes. Activities grew in scale and importance until it developed
as the administrative center for the entire Northern Mindanao (Region X and
XIII).

1.2 Human Resources
1.2.1 Population Size and Growth Rate
Cagayan de Oro City posted a total population of 602,088 persons as of May

1, 2010 (NSO actual), which is 73.98 percent of the total provincial population
of 813,856. This represents an increase of 140,211 persons over the total
population of 461,877 in 2000. The 2010 figures translated to an annual
population growth of 2.69 percent from 2000 to 2010. It is expected that the
population will double in 26 years or in 2036.
Table 1.1
Historical Growth of Population, 1903-2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Growth
Increase/ Growth Rate
Year Population Rate
Decrease
% Provincial Regional National
1903 11,029
1918 21,179 92 %
1939 28,062 32.5 %
1948 48,084 71.3 %
1960 46,266 -3.8 %
1970 128,319 177.35 % 5.19 3.56 2.78
1975 165,220 28.8 % 6.59 3.28 2.71
1980 227,312 37.6 % 4.10 2.22 2.35
1990 339,598 49.4 % 4.44 2.32 2.32
2000 461,877 36.0 % 2.54 1.67 2.04
2010 602,088 30.4 % 2.69
Source: National Statistics Office
1.2.2 Population Density
The average population density of the City is 11 persons per hectare. The
most densely populated barangay is Macabalan with a population density of
450 persons per hectare. It is followed by Barangay 35 and Barangay 18.
Barangay Besigan has the lowest population density of about 0.25 person per
hectare.

Table 1.2
Urban-Rural Population Density, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Population Population
Density Density
Barangays Barangays
(person per (person per
hectare) hectare)
CdeO 10.57
Urban 41. Barangay 15 302.96
1. Agusan 28.89 42. Barangay 16 55.64
2. Balulang 36.96 43. Barangay 17 303.76
3. Balubal* 4.01 44. Barangay 18 316.95
4. Bayabas 73.37 45. Barangay 19 160.54
5. Bonbon 79.08 46. Barangay 20 57.62
6.Bugo 33.60 47. Barangay 21 53.81
7. Bulua 47.41 48. Barangay 22 164.86
8. Camaman-an 33.68 49. Barangay 23 111.03
9. Canitoan 12.20 50. Barangay 24 78.53
10. Carmen 70.65 51. Barangay 25 247.61
11. Consolacion 200.59 52. Barangay 26 269.27
12. Cugman 11.75 53. Barangay 27 140.96
13. Gusa 37.51 54. Barangay 28 74.62
14. Indahag* 4.44 55. Barangay 29 24.00
15. Iponan 34.11 56. Barangay 30 139.78
16. Kauswagan 67.39 57. Barangay 31 76.56
17. Lapasan 184.38 58. Barangay 32 158.07
18. Lumbia 4.24 59. Barangay 33 10.30
19. Macabalan 449.68 60. Barangay 34 152.96
20. Macasandig 58.63 61. Barangay 35 318.91
21. Nazareth 156.02 62. Barangay 36 118.06
22. Pagatpat* 4.71 63. Barangay 37 27.60
23. Patag 57.40 64. Barangay 38 25.13
24. Puerto 12.92 65. Barangay 39 19.83
25. Puntod 111.58 66. Barangay 40 60.98
26. Tablon 4.25 Rural
27. Barangay 1 42.74 67. Baikingon 3.47
28. Barangay 2 22.88 68. Bayanga 2.01
29. Barangay 3 23.02 69. Besigan 0.25
30. Barangay 4 39.27 70. Dansolihon 0.66
31. Barangay 5 32.30 71. FS Catanico 1.55
32. Barangay 6 49.07 72. Mambuaya 2.25
33. Barangay 7 90.64 73. Pagalungan 1.68
34. Barangay 8 53.77 74. Pigsag-an 1.18
35. Barangay 9 42.44 75. San Simon 1.00
36. Barangay 10 128.60 76. Taglimao 1.13
37. Barangay 11 104.59 77. Tagpangi 1.23
38. Barangay 12 205.23 78. Tignapoloan 0.61
39. Barangay 13 266.90 79. Tuburan 1.34
40. Barangay 14 107.40 80. Tumpagon 1.55
*proposed urban barangays

Figure 1.1
Population Density Map
Cagayan de Oro City

1.2.3 Population Distribution
Based on 2010 data on population, the total urban population reaches

569,911 and 32,177 for the rural population. Barangay Carmen has the
highest number in population which is 11.22 percent of the total population.
Barangay 39 has the lowest in population of about 0.007 percent of the total
population.
Table 1.3
Population by Urban and Rural Barangay, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Barangays Population Percent Barangays Population Percent
Urban 569,911 94.66 Barangay 16 143 0.02
Agusan 14,812 2.46 Barangay 17 2,342 0.39
Balubal* 2,893 0.48 Barangay 18 1,496 0.25
Balulang 32,531 5.40 Barangay 19 419 0.07
Bayabas 12,999 2.16 Barangay 20 121 0.02
Bonbon 9,195 1.53 Barangay 21 254 0.04
Bugo 27,122 4.51 Barangay 22 1,944 0.32
Bulua 31,345 5.21 Barangay 23 916 0.15
Camaman-an 24,651 4.09 Barangay 24 929 0.15
Canitoan 15,069 2.50 Barangay 25 1,295 0.22
Carmen 67,583 11.22 Barangay 26 2,383 0.40
Consolacion 9,919 1.65 Barangay 27 1,380 0.22
Cugman 20,531 3.41 Barangay 28 541 0.09
Gusa 26,117 4.34 Barangay 29 485 0.08
Indahag* 6,235 1.04 Barangay 30 875 0.15
Iponan 20,707 3.44 Barangay 31 1,506 0.25
Kauswagan 34,541 5.74 Barangay 32 1,410 0.23
Lapasan 41,903 6.96 Barangay 33 86 0.01
Lumbia 14,079 2.34 Barangay 34 621 0.10
Macabalan 20,303 3.37 Barangay 35 2,395 0.40
Macasandig 23,310 3.87 Barangay 36 791 0.13
Nazareth 10,658 1.77 Barangay 37 77 0.01
Pagatpat* 5,178 0.86 Barangay 38 94 0.02
Patag 17,219 2.86 Barangay 39 46 0.01
Puerto 11,475 1.91 Barangay 40 830 0.14
Puntod 18,399 3.06
Tablon 18,608 3.09
Barangay 1 453 0.08 Rural 32,177 5.34
Barangay 2 84 0.01 Baikingon 2,342 0.39
Barangay 3 177 0.03 Bayanga 2,769 0.46
Barangay 4 108 0.02 Besigan 1,404 0.23
Barangay 5 83 0.01 Dansolihon 4,811 0.80
Barangay 6 212 0.04 FS Catanico 1,710 0.28

Barangay 7 542 0.09 Mambuaya 2,490 0.41

Barangay 8 157 0.03 Pagalungan 1,806 0.30
Barangay 9 132 0.02 Pigsag-an 1,256 0.21
Barangay 10 616 0.10 San Simon 1,346 0.22
Barangay 11 342 0.06 Taglimao 1,418 0.24
Barangay 12 469 0.08 Tagpangi 2,684 0.45
Barangay 13 2,330 0.39 Tignapoloan 4,514 0.75
Barangay 14 479 0.08 Tuburan 1,395 0.23
Barangay 15 2,966 0.49 Tumpagon 2,232 0.37
Source: Socio-Economic Profile of Cagayan de Oro City, 2010
*proposed urban barangays
The City has 66 urban barangays; most of these barangays are considered
the location for the essential and non-essential establishments and the center
for trade and commerce. Since Cagayan de Oro is one of the fastest growing
cities in the country it becomes the favorite investment of many investors and
tourism haven to many tourists.
The 14 rural barangays of the city serve as the City’s vegetable and crops
provider.
1.2.4 Labor Force
The average labor force participation rate for both sexes comprises 69.8
percent (81.7 male and 57.7 female) as of 2010 for ages 15 years old and up;
lower than that of 2007 which is 70.9 percent (based on NSO Regional
Survey). The decreasing number of labor force indicates that there are more
members of the household who are not in the labor force.
Table 1.4
Labor Force Population, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Age Percent Male Percent Female Percent
Both Sexes
Group age age age
Total 387,180 100.00 192,882 49.82 194,299 50.18
15-19 70,220 18.14 34,982 9.03 35,239 9.10
20-24 62,407 16.12 31,089 8.03 31,318 8.09
25-29 54,197 14.00 26,999 6.97 27,198 7.02
30-34 44,243 11.43 22,041 5.69 22,203 5.73
35-39 39,690 10.25 19,772 5.11 19,918 5.14
40-44 33,795 8.73 16,836 4.35 16,959 4.38
45-49 29,968 7.74 14,929 3.86 15,039 3.88
50-54 24,863 6.42 12,386 3.20 12,477 3.22
55-59 17,517 4.52 8,726 2.25 8,791 2.27
60-64 10,280 2.65 5,121 1.32 5,159 1.33
Source/: NSO/ CPDO

1.3 Physical Features
1.3.1 Geographic Location
Cagayan de Oro City is the gateway to Northern Mindanao. It is

geographically nestled between the central coastline of Macajalar Bay to the
North and the naturally-rich plateaus and mountains of Bukidnon and Lanao
del Norte to the South. The municipality of Opol bounds the City on the west
while the municipality of Tagoloan, with its heavy industrial activities, is its
immediate neighbor to the east. The City lies between the latitude 8°14’00” to
8°31’00” north and longitude 124°27’00” and 124°49’00” east.
1.3.2 Land Area
Cagayan de Oro City has a total land area of 57,851.00 hectares. Its territorial
size is 2.8 percent of the region and 22.8 percent of Misamis Oriental.
The total land area of the city is based on the definitions set forth by Republic
Act No. 521 Series of 1950, an act creating the city of Cagayan de Oro which
was signed by then President Elpidio R. Quirino and of the 1994 Codified
Ordinance which is a total extract of Resolution No. 6, Series of 1960 which
defines the city’s territory comprising the forty (40) urban and forty (40) rural
barangays. This was further corroborated by the political subdivision survey
commissioned and initiated by the DBM through the LMB-DENR’s PRS 92
Project conducted last 2012 in accordance with DENR Administrative Order
Nos. 98-12, s. 2010-13 and 2007-29 under the supervision of the Regional
Executive Director, DENR-X, Cagayan de Oro City.
Table 1.5
Land Area by Barangay by District, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Barangay Land Area (has.) Barangay Land Area (has.)
Cagayan de Oro City 57,851.00
District 1 43,637.40 Tablon 4,381.01
Baikingon 675.40 Barangay 1 10.60
Balulang 880.25 Barangay 2 3.67
Bayabas 177.17 Barangay 3 7.69
Bayanga 1,378.22 Barangay 4 2.75
Besigan 6,159.23 Barangay 5 2.57
Bonbon 116.28 Barangay 6 4.32
Bulua 661.21 Barangay 7 5.98
Canitoan 1,234.86 Barangay 8 2.92
Carmen 956.65 Barangay 9 3.11
Dansolihon 7,267.19 Barangay 10 4.79

Iponan 607.14 Barangay 11 3.27

Kauswagan 512.53 Barangay 12 2.29
Lumbia 3,320.31 Barangay 13 8.73
Mambuaya 1,104.29 Barangay 14 4.46
Pagalungan 1,075.79 Barangay 15 9.79
Pagatpat 1,100.07 Barangay 16 2.57
Patag 299.90 Barangay 17 7.71
Pigsag-an 1,063.87 Barangay 18 4.72
San Simon 1,339.50 Barangay 19 2.61
Taglimao 1,256.36 Barangay 20 2.10
Tagpangi 2,174.96 Barangay 21 4.72
Tignapoloan 7,795.12 Barangay 22 11.79
Tuburan 1,037.51 Barangay 23 8.25
Tumpagon 1,443.59 Barangay 24 11.83
District 2 14,213.60 Barangay 25 5.23
Agusan 512.69 Barangay 26 8.85
Balubal 721.32 Barangay 27 9.79
Bugo 807.31 Barangay 28 7.25
Camaman-an 731.92 Barangay 29 20.21
Consolacion 49.45 Barangay 30 6.26
Cugman 1,747.61 Barangay 31 19.67
F.S. Catanico 1,101.03 Barangay 32 8.92
Gusa 696.18 Barangay 33 8.35
Indahag 1,405.39 Barangay 34 4.06
Lapasan 227.26 Barangay 35 7.51
Macabalan 45.15 Barangay 36 6.70
Macasandig 397.58 Barangay 37 2.79
Nazareth 68.31 Barangay 38 3.74
Puerto 887.99 Barangay 39 2.32
Puntod 164.90 Barangay 40 13.61
Source: Socio-Economic Profile of Cagayan de Oro City, 2010
1.3.3 Territorial Jurisdiction and Barangay Subdivision
There had been changes in the political subdivision of the city. Cagayan de
Oro is divided into two districts by Republic Act 9371. The first district
comprises the 24 barangays; barangays Baikingon, Balulang, Bayabas,
Bayanga, Besigan, Bonbon, Bulua, Canitoan, Carmen, Dansolihon, Iponan,
Kauswagan, Lumbia, Mambuaya, Pagalungan, Pagatpat, Patag, Pigsag-an,
San Simon, Taglimao, Tagpangi, Tignapoloan, Tuburan, and Tumpagon while
the second district are barangays; Agusan, Balubal, Bugo, Camaman-an,
Consolacion, Cugman, F.S. Catanico, Gusa, Indahag, Lapasan, Macabalan,
Macasandig, Nazareth, Puerto, Puntod, Tablon, and all Poblacion Barangays
1-40.

Figure 1.2
Region 10 Map

Figure 1.3
Base Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 1.4
Barangay Boundary Map
Cagayan de Oro City

1.4 Physical/Infrastructure Resources
1.4.1 Transportation Network
1.4.1.1 Land Transportation
Cagayan de Oro City, connected to five other regions in Mindanao with

a good network of highways, is the strategic gateway to the rest of
Mindanao. Travel by land takes 40 hours from Manila via Surigao City,
9 hours from Davao City via Butuan City, and 6 hours via Bukidnon.
Cagayan de Oro City has a total road length of 635.80755 kilometers,
of which roughly 300 kilometers are paved.
There are 17 existing bridges along the national roads of Cagayan de
Oro which include four steel bridges and thirteen concrete bridges.
There are other 25 bridges along city roads, 20 of which are located in
District 1 while the other 5 are located in District 2. All bridges are
generally in good condition.
1.4.1.2 Air Transportation
Laguindingan airport is approximately 40 kilometers from the city.
Table 1.6
Schedule of Flights, 2013
Laguindingan Airport
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
PAL (Mla-CdeO-Mla)
5 5 5 5 5 5 5
CEBU PACIFIC (Mla-CdeO-
Mla) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
CEBU PACIFIC (Cebu-

CdeO-Cebu) 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
PAL EXPRESS
(Cebu-CdeO-Cebu) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ZEST AIRWAYS
(Cebu-CdeO-Cebu) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Source: CAAP (Temporary Schedule)

Figure 1.5
Road Network Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 1.6
Urban Road Network Map
Cagayan de Oro City

1.4.1.3 Sea Transportation
The Port of Cagayan de Oro and other five private ports serve as entry points
by sea from other areas of the country.
 Port of Cagayan de Oro in Macabalan

 Cagayan de Oro Oil Mill in Tablon
 Cagayan Corn Products, Corp., Tablon
 Del Monte Phils., Inc. in Bugo
 General Milling Corporation in Tablon
 Carlos A. Gothong Inc. in Baloy, Tablon
1.4.2 Services/Facilities/Utilities/Amenities
1.4.2.1 Power
There are two power distribution utilities that serve the city namely,
CEPALCO and MORESCO 1 and Minergy serves as power generation
company.
CEPALCO serves 103,074 households or 84 percent of the total

123,326households of the service area as of December 2012. MORESCO 1
serves sixteen (16) barangays in the west with 8,129 households or 54
percent of the 14,139 households of the service area as of December 2012.
Table 1.7
Number of Households Served by Distribution Utility, 2012
Cagayan de Oro City
Name of Electric Number of Total Number Percentage
Cooperative/ Households of Households Served
Utility/Barangay Served of Service Area (%)
CEPALCO
66 barangays
(40+26) 103,074 123,326 84
CDO City
MORESCO-1
16 barangays 8,129 14,139 54
Total Number 111,203 137,465 81
of HHs served
Source: CEPALCO and MORESCO-1
*Canitoan and Lumbia are served by both CEPALCO and MORESCO-1

Figure 1.7
Electric Power Facilities Map
Cagayan de Oro City

1.4.2.2 Water
Cagayan de Oro Water District (COWD), the first registered

water district in the country, supplies water to 65 barangays of
the city.
Water production in 2010 was 53,616,511 cubic meters. The

average production per month is 4,468,043 cubic meters and
the water consumption per capita per day is 109 liters.
Service connections reached 74,020 in 2009, and 76,351 in

2010, majority of which were residential and government. Water
consumption in the City sums up to 23,916,766 cubic meters
being consumed by residential/government and commercial
users.
As to status of water supply in the city, data from the City Health
Office in 2012 shows that 80.40% of households have access to
potable water supply. Level I, II and III connections is shown in
Table 1.8 below.
Table 1.8
Status of Water Supply System, 2012
Cagayan de Oro City
Source of Water Number of HHs Percentage to
served total (%)
Level I 6,395 4.60
Level II 9, 793 7.04
Level III 96,034 69.04
Total Number of HHs served 112,222 80.68
No access 26,884 19.32
Total Number of HHs of the
139,106*
City
Source: COWD/CPDO (number of households)
*2012 HHs less doubled-up HHs
The COWD sources of water included the following: Malasag

Spring, twenty seven production wells, and reservoirs.
Moreover, the Rio Verde Consortium supplies water to COWD
by tapping surface water of Cagayan River. It currently supplies
40,000 cu. m. per day. The water sufficiency rate is posted at
44.36 percent while the non-revenue water (NRW) is 55.64
percent (way above the industry standard of 20-30%). The
problem of high NRW is aggravated by the presence of informal
settlers which tap water connections without permit from the
COWD. Further, leaks in the old asbestos distribution pipelines
in the eastern part of the city also contributed to high NRW.

Figure 1.8
Water Facilities Map
Cagayan de Oro City

1.4.2.3 Communication Network
Sophisticated services give the City its modern character.

Internet has experienced significant growth as service providers
increased.
The existing communication facilities in CDO are postal service,

seven telephone service providers, three cellular mobile
telephone service providers, three telephone long distance
exchange (international exchange carrier), nine Broadband
Networks, one Trunked Radio Station, seven Internet Service
Providers (registered), seven TV Stations, three Cable TV
Providers, five AM Broadcast Stations, and thirteen FM
Broadcast Stations.
1.4.2.4 Waste Management
Cagayan de Oro City’s 17-hectare landfill located in Upper

Dagong, Carmen is 3.7 kilometers away from downtown with an
average travel time of 16 minutes from the Poblacion. It has a
capacity of approximately 1.9 million cubic meters and is
expected to be adequate for 12 to 20 years of use starting 1997.
The location map of the existing landfill and the proposed

sanitary landfill is shown in Figure 1.6.
Volume of waste collected and dumped at the existing landfill

averaged at approximately 700 cubic meters per day based on
the data of garbage collected and disposed at the landfill in
2011.
Monthly records of average volume of garbage dumped show

that August and December have the highest volume of garbage
compared with the other months. Volume of garbage is highest
in August being the fiesta month of the city. December is the
second highest due to Christmas celebration.

Figure 1.9
Location Map of Sanitary Landfill
Cagayan de Oro City

1.5 The Economic Structure
1.5.1 Revenue Sources
The City of Cagayan de Oro gets its income and other revenue
from the following: taxes; fees, permits & licenses, business and
services, subsidies from the national government and other
sources allowed by law. Total revenue generated in 2011
amounted to PhP 1,719,874,752.98. The biggest source of
income is the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) of PhP
902,306,610.00 which is about 52.46%. Income generation by
source in the last three (3) years is shown in below.
Table 1.9
Income Generation by Source for the last Three Years
(2009-2011)
Cagayan de Oro City
Income (PhP)
Income
Source 2009 2010 2011
Internal 776,465,278.00 840,735,811.00 902,306,610.00

Revenue
Allotment
(IRA)
Tax 528,910,558.20 622,571,709.70 635,392,667.87
Revenue
Fees, 27,483,524.77 22,248,602.67 24,347,761.66
Permits &
Licenses
Income
Business & 40,228,723.33 101,388,672.19 108,867,553.87
Service
Income
Other 27,826,932.86 60,081,607.07 48,960,159.58
Income
TOTAL 1,400,915,017.16 1,647,026,403.63 1,719,874,752.98
INCOME
Source: Office of the City Accountant, Cagayan de Oro

1.5.2 Employment
The average employment rate increased to 95 percent in 2010 from 94.0

percent in 2007 (based on NSO Regional Survey). This slight increase of
employment rate indicates that there are more members of the household
falling under ‘not in the labor force’ category. Underemployment rate in 2010
was about 28.0 percent, lower than that of 2007 which is 30.7 percent. This
further indicates that the City has available human resource for new
industries.
Table 1.10
Employment Rate, 2010
Cagayan de Oro City
Labor Force Not in
Population
the
City 15-64 years
Employed % Unemployed % Labor
old
Force
City 387,180 367,821 95 19,359 5 214,908
Male 192,882 183,238 9,644 107,061
Female 194,299 184,584 9,715 107,847
Source: National Statistics Office (Regional Data)
1.5.2 Average Family Income vis-à-vis Poverty Level
Based on 2009 NSO Regional survey on family income and expenditures, the
average regional family income for 2009 goes up to PhP 165,000 from
Php142,000 in 2006. Total number of families was recorded at 839,000 in
2009 and 789,000 in 2006 respectively. This 50,000 rising number of families
from 2009 to 2006 indicates the increasing number of population in this time
span. This is directly proportional to the growing income/needs and number of
families at a certain time.
Based on 2003 Small Area Poverty Estimates of the National Statistical
Coordination Board (NSCB), Cagayan de Oro City posted the least in poverty
incidence in Northern Mindanao. According to the said estimates, the City had
a poverty incidence of 15.50% which implies that 15.50 % of the City’s
population has an income below the poverty line for 2003.

1.6 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends
The 2012 land use cover of Cagayan de Oro was updated through the
combination of the following:
• Tax map of the Assessor’s Office

• Land Database of City Finance/City Assessor's Offices
• Spatial Database of GIS Center/CPDO
• Google Earth satellite image as of 2012
The existing land uses were analyzed through the GIS based data gathered
from the results of the above-mentioned methods.
General Land Use
The general land use of the city emphasizes on the following districts/areas:
agricultural, built-up, forest, mining and quarrying, open land,
swamp/marshland, and other areas (roads, rivers and creeks).
Table 1.11 shows the existing General Land Use of Cagayan de Oro as
compared with CY 2000 General Land Use of the City.
Agriculture
The agricultural areas of Cagayan de Oro are located mostly in the rural
barangays, although patches of productive agricultural lands are still found in
the lowland barangays, some of which already belong to the urban
classification. Most agricultural lands are located in the southern parts of the
city. They contain mostly upland crops grown on the plateaus and terraces
and piedmont areas. Agricultural produce in the lowlands is taken from the
river flood plain areas. Existing agricultural areas of the city totaled 16,393.39
hectares.
Settlement Pattern and Settlement Areas
Cagayan de Oro demonstrates a settlement pattern of concentrated dispersed

development. Major nodes are in the lowland areas. Existing primary nodes
are found in the Poblacion (CBD), Carmen and Lapasan while existing
secondary nodes are in the uptown area (Pueblo de Oro and Xavier Estates),
Bulua and Puerto.

On the other hand, strip or linear urban development occur along the national
highway from Bugo to Iponan, or from east to west of Cagayan de Oro.
In the rural barangays, patches of settlements can be found.
Forest
Forest area of the city summed up to 24,652.75 or 45.41 percent of the city’s
total land area. This area includes the 11,334.9 hectares difference of the
city’s area in 2000 and 2012. Forest areas are located in Besigan,
Tignapoloan, Bayanga, Mambuaya, Dansolihon, Tumpagon, Pigsag-an,
Tuburan, Taglimao, Tagpangi, Pagalungan, Baikingon, San Simon, Cugman,
Tablon, and F.S. Catanico. Activities in these areas include Community-
Based Forestry Management (CBFM), Integrated Social Forestry (ISF), IFMA,
FLGA, Co-forest management and mining of copper ore. Some of these areas
are claimed by Indigenous People (IP).
Mining and Quarrying
Existing mining and quarrying areas are mostly found in barangays along
Iponan River such as Pagatpat, San Simon, Baikingon, Canitoan, and Iponan.
However, only the mining and quarrying areas in Isla Puntod, Balulang and
Lumbia are reflected in Table 1.11. Mining and quarrying areas summed up to
31.12 hectares or 0.05 percent of the city’s total land area where only sand
and gravel, as well as filling materials are extracted.
Open Land
The city’s existing vacant land, which summed up to 3,079.18 hectares, are
very prominent in the many rolling hills and plateaus that are found in the
uplands, conglomerates, and sandstone hills. These are found in Lumbia,
Pagalungan, and other hinterland barangays. These are vast areas of open
grassland; although suitable for pasture, there seems to be little activity of that
kind.
Mangroves, Marshes and Swamps
 Mangroves, marshes and swamps are areas containing brackish

waters in tidal flats. These areas which are found along the seacoast and
the lower river basins of the city sustain important ecosystems. Cagayan
de Oro has limited area of this type of ecosystem which is mostly located
at the river deltas, particularly at Barangays Bonbon and Kauswagan.
Several patches are also found in Barangays Bayabas and Bulua.

Mangroves, marshes and swamps play a pivotal role in the sustainability

of the city’s forest ecosystem and climate change adaptability.
1. Purifies the adjacent aquatic environment (aeration

capacity);
2. Stabilizes and protecting the shorelines from tidal surges
and strong wind forces;
3. Serves as depository and breeding area for marine
wildlife;
4. Improves local thermal environment by lowering ambient
temperature, and increasing moisture;
5. Provides natural abatement buffer during floods
Mangroves in the city serve as spawning and breeding grounds of some

fish and marine species. The City’s mangroves are disappearing due to
encroachment by people needing land for the construction of residential
houses. To save whatever mangrove area is left, replanting and
maintenance of these areas are implemented in Barangays Gusa and
Cugman.
Coastal and Marine Areas
The total coastline length of the City is 25 kilometers from east to west. From
this coastline, the potential area for mangrove and wetland development is
approximately 21 kilometers. There are 11 coastal barangays, namely:
Barangays Puerto, Bugo, Agusan, Tablon, Gusa, Cugman, Lapasan,
Macabalan, Bonbon, Bayabas and Bulua.
The following table shows the comparative 2000 and 2012 General Land Use
of the City:

Table 1.11
Comparative General Land Use (2000 and 2012)
Cagayan de Oro City
2000 2012
General Land Use
Area (has.) Percent to Area (has.) Percent to
Total Total
Agricultural
13,704.92 29.63 16,393.39 28.34
Built Up Area
7,714.50 16.68 11,977.09 20.70
Mining and
Quarrying
23.35 0.05 31.12 0.05
Open Land
7,037.09 15.22 3,079.18 5.32
Preservation Area
Forest
17,726.57 38.33 24,652.75 45.41
Swamp/Marshland
39.70 0.09 102.53 0.18
Roads, Rivers and
Creeks - - 1,614.93
Total
46,246.13 100.00 57,851.00 100.00
Source: Research Division, City Assessment Department/GIS-CPDO

Figure 1.10
Existing General Land Use Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Urban Land Use
The urban land use of the city is dominantly built-up area stretching from east
to west between Macajalar Bay and escarpment areas, as well as in the
uptown areas Lumbia, Macasandig and Indahag.
Agricultural
Although agricultural areas are located mostly in the rural areas of the City,
there are also agricultural lands in the urban areas. At present, a total of
8,065.10 hectares or 33.82% of the total urban area is agricultural. These
areas are located in Barangays Lumbia, Canitoan, Iponan, Bayabas, Bulua
and Pagatpat.
Agro-Industrial
Existing agro-industrial areas in the city having 14.07 hectares are situated
along the strip of Sayre Highway in Upper Puerto and include feedmills, post-
harvest and warehousing facilities. This area, abutting the province of
Bukidnon caters to its large volume of agricultural production.
Commercial
The commercial land use category covers lots where there are business
activities. This includes offices, services, supermarkets, and shopping
centers. Regional offices and financial establishments concentrated in the
Poblacion (CBD) create pressure in the area. Large-scale shopping centers
(such as the Limketkai Mall, Gaisano, Ororama, and Centrio) are also within
the CBD. Small-scale operations (like hardware, store and services) are
located in all parts of urban area, as well as in dominantly residential areas.
Existing commercial areas of the city summed up to 317.31 hectares. This

area is slightly higher than the commercial area in CY 2000 which is 291.41
hectares.
Forest
Existing forest cover in the urban area of Cagayan de Oro summed up to

591.61 hectares located in Barangays Cugman and Carmen.

Industrial
Areas used for manufacturing, processing, bottling, fabrication, and

assembling are classified under the Industrial category. This also includes
small scale industries like repair shops, food processing and handicraft
factories. Mostly, these activities are concentrated along the National
Highway.
Existing industrial area of the City is 175.58 hectares. This is almost twice the
industrial area of the City in CY 2000 which is 88.36 hectares. The increasing
number of industries attributed to the expansion of the industrial area.
Institutional
The various school sites with their corresponding open spaces comprise the
bigger share of institutional uses. Xavier University Manresa Farm occupies
the biggest area while elementary and secondary schools, barangay centers,
churches and government center/offices of the region, the province of
Misamis Oriental and the City occupies the remaining area.
Existing institutional area covers 383.25 hectares which is slightly higher than
its area coverage in CY 2000 which is 287.94 hectares.
Mining and Quarrying
Of the existing total urban area, 31.12 hectares has been allowed for mining
and quarrying along Iponan River, located in Barangays Pagatpat, Canitoan
and Iponan.
Open Space/Vacant Land
Open space/vacant lands accounts to 3,136.41 hectares. This is relatively

higher than the 2,542.43 hectares in CY 2000. These vacant lands are mostly
unoccupied lots in subdivision areas and undeveloped lands.
Residential
Residential areas are the largest in the urban land use and covers 10,911.61
hectares or 45.76 % of the total urban area. This is relatively higher than the
figure in CY 2000 wherein residential land use is only 24.37% of the total
urban area.

Residential areas are divided further into: residential area within planned
subdivision with appropriate road network system and facilities; low density
residential area with sub-standard road facilities; and blighted areas as well as
resettlement sites.
Swamp/Marshland
As of 2012, existing swamp/marshland of the City summed up to 102.53

hectares or 0.43 percent of the City’s total urban area.
Utilities
Airport
Laguindingan Airport, which is approximately 40 kilometers from the

city, is operational since June of 2013.
Sea Port
There are six sea ports in the City; one is a government port, located at
Macabalan, while five others are private ports. One private port is
located in Bugo while the remaining four are in Tablon.
Bus Terminals
The City has two integrated bus terminals strategically located in the
west at Barangay Bulua and in the east at Barangay Lapasan.
The following table shows the comparative 2000 and 2012 Urban Land
Use of the City:

Table 1.12
Comparative Urban Land Use (2000 and 2012)
Cagayan de Oro City
2000 2012
Urban Land Use
Area Percent to Area Percent to
(has.) Total (has.) Total
Agricultural - - 8,065.10 33.82
Agro-Industrial - - 14.07 0.06
Commercial 291.41 3.78 317.31 1.33
Forest - - 591.69 2.48
Industrial 88.36 1.15 175.58 0.74
Institutional 287.94 3.73 383.25 1.61
Mining and Quarrying - - 31.12 0.13
Open Space/Vacant Land 2,542.43 32.96 3,136.41 13.15
Residential 1,879.83 24.37 10,911.61 45.76
Swamp/Marshland - - 102.53 0.43
Utilities 131.97 1.71 118.04 0.49

Planned Unit
Development (PUD) 565.79 7.33 - -
Covered by Road, etc. 1,926.77 24.98 - -
Total 7,714.50 100.00 23,846.72 100.00

Figure 1.11
Existing Urban Land Use Map
Cagayan de Oro City

1.7 Comparative/Competitive Advantages
 Gateway to Northern Mindanao

 Center of trade/transshipment point in the region
 Competitive transportation services
 Presence of multi-national investors (SM, Ayala, LKKS)
 Major tourism destination in Northern Mindanao
 21.062 km coastline potential for coastal tourism
 Presence of fishing grounds
 Modern facilities (health, school, market, terminal…)
 Strong public-private partnership
 Well-developed telecom facilities/power supply/road
networks
 Existing natural resources and heritage (rivers, caves,
flora and fauna, forest),natural landscapes (plateaus,
gorges, terraces)
1.8 Weaknesses: Priority Issues and Concerns
 Insufficient/low income
 Presence of informal settlers
 Mismatched skills and the need of the industry
 Traffic Congestion
 Frequent Flooding
 Inadequate Supply of Potable Water in some areas
 Water Pollution and Contamination
 Low farm productivity
 Frequent flooding in business districts
 Lack of area for public burial sites
 High level of GHG emission
 Inadequate protective services facilities
 Absence of City Sports Complex
 Unregulated mining activities
 Low agricultural productivity
 Water pollution and contamination
 Undeveloped tourism sites
 Low student performance in the ff: promotion, graduation
and survival rates
 Absence of established evacuation centers
 Absence of social welfare center

1.9 Functional Role of the City
 A major transport and transshipment hub in Mindanao,

that has long established trade and cultural linkages with
Visayas and Mindanao
 Regional capital of Northern Mindanao (Region X) and

serves as the primary gateway to the rest of the
Mindanao regions
 Region X’s administrative-educational-business center
 Convention Capital of Northern Mindanao

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1
Chapter 2
Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment
Disaster Risk Assessment
Summary of Areas Susceptible to Hazards
Out of the total 80 barangays in Cagayan de Oro, 54 barangays are

considered as flood-prone areas, and 25 barangays are susceptible to rain-
induced landslide. While the city did not experience any major storm surge
occurrences, 11 coastal barangays are still prone to storm surge should future
occurrences take place. Also, groundshaking will likely happen to seven
barangays, liquefaction will likely be experienced by 45 barangays, and
earthquake–induced landslide will also likely occur in 15 barangays.
Meanwhile, with the occurrence of TS Ondoy and Sendong in 2009 and 2011,
respectively, the City is no longer considered as typhoon-free area since all
the barangays will likely experience future similar heavy downpours.
Table 2.1
Summary of Areas Susceptible to Hazards
Cagayan de Oro City
Rain- Earthquake-
Storm Ground Liquefac
Barangay Flood induced induced Typhoon
Surge Shaking tion
Landslide Landslide
Barangay 1   
Chapter 2 – Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment Page 36

Rain- Earthquake-
Surge Shaking tion
Landslide Landslide

Rain- Earthquake-
Surge Shaking tion
Landslide Landslide
Agusan     
Baikingon  
Balubal   
Balulang   
Bayabas    
Bayanga 
Besigan    
Bonbon   
Bugo   
Bulua   
Camaman-an  
Canitoan 
  
Carmen   
Consolacion   
Cugman   
Dansolihon  
  
FS Catanico   
Gusa   
Indahag   
Iponan   
Kauswagan  

Rain- Earthquake-
Surge Shaking tion
Landslide Landslide
Lapasan   
Lumbia  
Macabalan    
Macasandig  
Mambuaya   
Nazareth   
Pagalungan   
Pagatpat 
Patag 
Pigsag-an    
Puerto    
Puntod    
San Simon    
Tablon    
Taglimao  
Tagpangi   
Tignapoloan   
Tuburan   
Tumpagon    
Source: MGB 10 Landslide Susceptibility Map

GIS-CPDO, Cagayan de Oro

Figure 2.1
Flash flood Typhoon Sendong and Pablo Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.2
Geohazard Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.3
Liquefaction Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.4
Tsunami Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.5
Earthquake Induced Landslide Hazard Map
Cagayan de Oro City

RISK EVALUATION
This section provides discussions on the evaluation from the city and
local risk assessment and should reveal implications of the losses that would
occur; e.g., how much a hazard may cost (in terms of financial and other
resources needed for relief and rescue, reconstruction and rehabilitation)
were it to occur; and how the lives and quality of life in the community or city
or the clusters might be affected in view of the estimated risk.
Considering that local governments have many priorities and limited

resources and cannot implement all risk reduction measures at once, risk
evaluation or prioritization must be undertaken to identify which identified
measures must be implemented immediately and those that may still be
delayed. Thus, it is important that multi-stakeholders, including communities
and local authorities can jointly agree on certain criteria to rank the risks.
These could be ranked as high, moderate or low priority. As a start, risks may
be ranked according to the following: a) their significance or the impact to
population and property; b) existence and feasibility of risk reduction
solutions; c) cost effectiveness of potential risk reduction solutions; and
d) availability of funds to implement such solutions.
The measures that may be undertaken by the city also depend on the
types of risks. The choice as to which final DRR measure or approach to
adopt will depend on the decision-making process of the city. Generally, the
city may adopt corresponding intervention approaches or options to address
the impact of the disaster risks, the measures of which are classified into four
major categories, as follows: (a) risk avoidance or elimination; (b) risk
reduction or mitigation; (c) risk sharing or transfer; and (d) risk acceptance or
retention. 1 Table 9 the strategies under these four major categories that the
city may adopt in responding to the varied disaster risks identified.
This DRA should guide the thrusts and direction of the Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management (DRRM) Plan of the city as mandated under the
Republic Act (RA) 10121, otherwise known as the Philippine DRRM Law of
2010.
Specifically, the various sectors identified initial risk evaluation based on

the risk estimation as follows:
 Formulate the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) plan

of the city to provide comprehensive direction for the disaster risk
reduction and climate change adaptation strategic options, thrusts and
priorities covering the four pillars of DRR/CCA namely; 1) prevention
1
Source: Guidelines on Mainstreaming DRR in Subnational Development Land Use Planning

and mitigation, 2) preparedness, 3) response, and 4) recovery and

rehabilitation;
 Efforts to intensify community disaster awareness needs to be

strengthened to reduce the incidence of diseases, deaths and loss of
properties. These efforts will include the conduct of information
education campaign, drills on disaster preparedness, formulation,
implementation and monitoring of DRRM Plan, establishment of
warning system devices in every school/barangays, and establishment
of evacuation centers in every barangay with appropriate infrastructure
utilities;
 The passage of ordinance for no build zone areas will prohibit the
illegal construction of properties by the informal settlers. The provision
of decent, affordable housing on environmentally safe areas is a
strategy to relocate and resettle affected families (Map 15). The
national and local government needs to increase funds for the housing
program especially for the poor families;
 For housing, there is a need to ensure the security of tenure since

presently these families do not own nor rent the area they occupy so
there is always a threat for displacement; improvement of the living
condition of the occupants through provision of adequate facilities and
strengthen the housing structures in such a way that they can
withstand from bad weather conditions;
 The City Government should provide a good sports venue and

recreations facility with good ambiance for the wellbeing and interests
of the people. The construction of a Cagayan de Oro Sports Dome is
essential to promote/intensify the sports program in the city as well as,
upgrade the existing barangay sports facilities to create sports-friendly
environment that will inspire people to be “sports-minded” especially
the youth in the community;
 Repair and rehabilitation of damaged lifeline structures and

construction of flood mitigating facilities should be prioritized to protect
the low-lying and flood-prone areas of Cagayan de Oro City that are
densely populated;
 Complete drainage masterplans for all priority basins of Cagayan de

Oro City as basis to improve drainage system of the city;
 Implementation of all lifelines and major infrastructures

programs/projects should be supported with geo and
hydrometeorological hazard clearance from MGB and other mandated
government agencies. Consequently, disaster resilient infrastructures
should be considered in the design of programs and projects to
mitigate the effects of disasters.

 To address/minimize destruction of the natural environment due to

landslides, the following measures are recommended:
1) Strict enforcement of existing environment laws and land use

policies’
2) Conduct a comprehensive landslide hazard assessment;
3) Adopt responsible mining and appropriate farming practices
4) Improve slope protection in high risk areas by introducing SALT
and other appropriate slope stabilization projects

Table 2.2
Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies
Cagayan de Oro City
Risks/
Avoid or Eliminate Risk Retention
Share and Transfer
Strategies Reduce and Mitigate Risks
Risks
Risks
Infrastructure Prohibit development in Strengthen structure’s ability to resist hazard Develop alternate Take no action
high risk areas locations for key functions
risks
Change use or occupancy pattern of structure Self-insure the stocks

Buyout and relocate Institute a geologic
structures in highly
prone areas hazard abatement district
Enforce stricter zoning and building standards for home owners to share Treat physical
in future repair costs losses as expenses

Destroy and remove
Develop response plans and improve hazards
structures in hazard-
warning
prone areas
Real estate disclosures
systems
Build redundant infrastructure systems

Risks/
Share and Transfer
Risks
Risks
Promote “Green” Building technology
Prioritize development of renewable energy

sources
Social and Deny occupancy Integrate sociocultural indicators into risk Promote incentives for Take no action
assessment homeowners, renters and
cultural risks of hazardous businesses to purchase
insurance
buildings Prepare shelter plans for
Fund hospitals and social services mitigation displaced residents
Create mutual aid

Protect cultural
agreements
Identify needs of various population groups
assets through (e.g.,elderly, handicapped,
zoning standards women, children)
Economic risks Avoid or eliminate Provide incentives to mitigate or reduce risk Shared responsibilities Take no action
capital stock risks by
mandating “smart” between government

Risks/
Share and Transfer
Risks
Risks
growth or avoiding high Diversify income sources and private / business Special funds
risk areas
sector or lines of credits for lost
revenues
Attract wide range of business types
Develop business
retention and job

placement programs Mitigate risks to key income generators (base
industries,
large employment sectors)
Incentives for “smart” growth
Build economic alliances and partnerships
Natural resource/ Eliminate sources of Eliminate point sources of pollution Develop transfer of Take no action
pollution development rights
environmental programs, or
environmental land swaps
risks Launch clean-up efforts Brownfield clean-up and

Risks/
Share and Transfer
Risks
Risks
Mandate use of reuse costs
Technologies (e.g., Regulate use and storage of potential pollutants Greater shared
emissions free responsibilities of
Indigenous Peoples in
vehicles)
Reduce densities in sensitive areas the management and
protection of forests
Enforce strictly zoning
ordinances Habitat conservation plans
Incentives for use of specific technologies
Incentives for good development decisions

Cagayan de Oro City 2013- 2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
Assessment Framework and Methodology
The Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment used by

Cagayan de Oro City focused on defining the city’s vulnerability through
analysis of its adaptive capacities, sensitivity, and exposure to climate change
and its impacts. The recommendations and assessment frameworks
presented in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports
and the UN-Habitat’s “Planning for Climate Change” tool together with other
local assessment techniques were considered in the methodology.
The vulnerability framework is a simplified illustration of how vulnerability is a

function of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Written as a basic
formula, Vulnerability = (Exposure + Sensitivity) – Adaptive Capacity.
Cross-Sectoral Analysis
A. Threat Level
Per cross-sectoral analysis, Flooding and Typhoon scored the highest threat
levels to the City. This rating is determined not only from the level or scope of
exposure to the climate change driver or hazard but the degree to which it can
adversely impact the communities. Hence, the more dense settlements with
higher risks of being flooded and affected by typhoons, as aggravated by
negative and unsustainable practices of the people, are considered the
hotspot areas.
Table 2.3
Average Threat Level Scores Across all Five Development Sectors
Average
CC Land
Social Economic Environment Infrastructure THREAT
Hazard Use
LEVEL*
Flooding 5 5 5 4 5 4.8
Drought 3 3 2 3 1 2.4
RIL 2 2 3 1 3 2.2
Typhoon 5 5 5 2 4.25
* High – 5; Low - 1
The GIS experts of the City TWG have prepared risk maps to provide a visual
presentation of the location of at risk elements for each sector (social,
economic, environmental, infrastructure, and land use), as shown in the
Figures below. Taking off from this information, an overlay analysis of the

cross-sectoral risks for each identified climate change hazard was also
prepared.
Figure 2.6 shows the location of elements at risk for all the five sectors in
three identified climate change hazards, namely: Flooding, landslide, and
drought. Figure 2.7 is an overlay of the drought map (across all five sectors-
social, economic, environment, infrastructure, and land use) to the population
density map of CDO. This map depicts that the entire city is vulnerable to
drought but the ones that were highly impacted are the following barangays:
Bayabas, Bulua, Iponan, Patag, Carmen, Consolacion, Kauswagan, Bonbon,
Macabalan, Puntod, Lapasan, Nazareth, Agusan, Bugo, and Barangays 13,
15, 22, 24, 29, 31. Meanwhile, Figure 2.8 shows the location of cross-sectoral
(high to medium) risks to flooding overlaid with the population density map.
This map shows the high level threat of flooding in the coastal and river-side
barangays where most residential areas are situated. High risk barangays in
the coast (Macajalar Bay) include: Bayabas, Bulua, Bonbon, Macabalan,
Puntod, Lapasan, and the settlements in the coast line of Bugo. Moreover,
Barangays along Cagayan River (Kauswagan, Consolacion, portions of
Carmen, Nazareth, Macasandig, and Balulang, Barangays
1,13,15,22,24,28,31,35,36, settlements along the riverbanks of Lumbia,
Bayanga, and Mambuaya) and Barangays along Iponan River (Iponan,
portions of Bulua, Canitoan, Pagatpat, Baikingon, Taglimao) are also being
threatened by flooding.

Figure 2.6
Social Sector Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.7
Economic Sector Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.8
Infrastructure Sector Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.9
Environment Sector Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.10
Land Use Sector Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.11
Multi-hazard Risk Map
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.12
Drought Vulnerability Map of Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.13
Flood Vulnerability Map of Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 2.14
Landslide Vulnerability Map of Cagayan de Oro City






B. Adaptive Capacity Status
The city’s inherent ability to adapt to CC and its impact has also been
recognized, and became the basis for adaptive capacity assessment. The
adaptive capacity of Cagayan de Oro City was assessed by listing down the
adaptive capacity evidences for each development sector and categorized in
six dimensions, namely: Wealth, Technology, Institutions, Information,
Infrastructure, and Social Capital. It is perceived that the Adaptive Capacity
of Cagayan de Oro City will offset the Threat (Exposure and Sensitivity).
Typhoon (1.8) scored the highest AC status (1 being the highest) while the
adaptive capacity to drought has been identified as the lowest. This low score
can be attributed to the lack of available scientific information that can be
used to prepare and enhance resiliency to drought and the insufficient
historical data about the hazard which primarily impacts the agriculture and
water sector.
The guidance of national agencies on the occurrence of tropical cyclones and

the massive information dissemination campaign has primarily contributed to
the high score of Typhoon while the low knowledge and technology on
drought is crucial as shown in its low Adaptive Capacity rating. Furthermore,
the city’s average adaptive capacity status of 2.24 is considered as medium-
high.
The inherent ability of these sectors and systems to adjust or adapt to climate
change is a vital factor in these assessment. The adaptive capacity
assessment as summarized below helped determine the level or status of AC
that needs to be improved in order to build more resilient communities and
sectors. All ratings were identified through a large multi-level stakeholder
group consultation workshop.
Table 2.4
Perceived Adaptive Capacity
Sector Flooding Drought RIL Typhoon Ave. AC
Social 2.5 3.5 2.8 2.0 2.7
Economic 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.7
Environment 1.5 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.8
Infrastructure 3.0 2.6 2.5 - 2.7
Land Use 2.33 2.33 2.17 2.33 2.3
City Wide AC 2.23 2.55 2.2 1.8 2.24
* High – 1; Low - 5

Meanwhile, the average AC scores for each of the six Adaptive Capacity
dimensions (as shown in the table below) reveal that in the context of CCA
and DRRM, “Social Capital” has the highest overall rating (1.76). This is an
evidence of the large and diverse network of support and assistance that the
City is getting to increase their resilience to climate change. However, the
assessment showed the need to improve on the infrastructure (construction
/rehabilitation of protective infrastructure and promotion of sustainable and
climate-resilient structural designs), which has scored the lowest (2.65).
For flooding, technology and social capital (1.6) are the highest adaptive
capacity status for flooding, while wealth and infrastructure needs to be given
more attention. Drought has a high AC status on institution and social capital
(2) while information has the lowest rating. It is noted that very few records
and studies are available for drought in the City. In RIL (1.8) and Typhoon
(1.2), the technology dimension has been scored the highest due to the
introduction and promotion of slope management and stabilization
technologies in the upland ecosystem of Cagayan de Oro and upgraded
technology that is being used in the country to determine and project the
occurrence and pathways of tropical cyclones. In both CC hazards,
infrastructure scored the lowest as reflected by the need to enhance resilience
of this dimension in all sectors.
Table 2.5
Average Rating per Adaptive Capacity Dimension
Wealt Technol Informati Instituti Infrastruct Social
CC Hazard
h ogy on on ure Capital
Flooding 2.6 1.6 2.1 2.1 2.4 1.6
Drought 2.2 3 2.8 2 2.6 2
RIL 2 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.6 2
Typhoon 2 1.2 1.5 1.25 3 1.5
Ave. AC
score per 2.2 1.9 2.15 1.89 2.65 1.76
dimension
C. Relative Vulnerability
The relative vulnerability of Cagayan de Oro City was determined by

analyzing the threat level and status of adaptive capacity. The Vulnerability
and Adaptation Assessment or VAA Summary includes brief details on the
threat level (exposure and sensitivity) and assessment of adaptive capacity
for each of the five development sectors – Social, Economic,
Environment, Infrastructure, and Land Use – as identified by the expanded

technical working group of Cagayan de Oro City. Below is the score guide
used for the assessment.
Based from the results of the assessment, Cagayan de Oro City is most
vulnerable to flooding. Flooding and Typhoon marked the highest threat levels
among the four identified climate change hazards. The rating was based on
the level of threat (exposure and sensitivity) that the hazard brings and the
level of the city-wide adaptive capacity (capacity of the system to cope and
adjust to the changing climatic conditions) to the particular climate change
impacts. Although not very low on AC rating, the level of adaptive capacity of
the City as a response to these hazards can still be improved.
Table 2.6
Relative Vulnerability by Hazard
Threat Level Adaptive Relative Vulnerability
Climate
(5-highest) Capacity Rating
Change Hazard
(1-highest) (10-most vulnerable)
Flooding 4.8 2.23 7.03
Typhoon 4.25 1.8 6.05
Drought 2.4 2.55 4.95
Rain Induced 2.2 2.2
4.4
Landslide
Moreover, there is recognition on the existing initiatives and ongoing

programs of the City government in partnership with other concerned
organizations and agencies to continue building on the City’s capacity towards
climate change adaptation and mitigation. However, as discussed in this

assessment, there are other crucial aspects that need to be improved and
prioritized in order to reduce the threat level and increase resiliency of
identified highly vulnerable areas (highly dense coastal
communities, poor families in barangays alongside Cagayan and Iponan River
and informal settlements in its riverbanks, CBD being a floodplain, deforested
and rain-dependent farming communities in the upland).
Meanwhile, the table below reveals that the social sector (6.45) is relatively
the most vulnerable sector. This may be attributed to the higher risks on
settlements and social services especially in the densely populated hotspot
areas.
Table 2.7
Relative Vulnerability per Sector
Threat Adaptive Relative Vulnerability
Development
Level Capacity Rating
Sector
(5-highest) (1-highest) (10-most vulnerable)
Social 3.75 2.70 6.45
Environment 3.75 1.83 5.58
Economic 3.75 1.70 5.45
Infrastructure 2.67 2.70 5.37
Land Use 2.75 2.29 5.04
Developmental and proactive initiatives can boost the capacity of these

sectors combined with better infrastructure support and economic
development policies. Nonetheless, the overall relative vulnerability of the city
is between the ratings of 4 - 7, which means that the city has medium to high
risks in terms of vulnerability to climate change and its impacts.

IDENTIFYING KEY ADAPTATION OPTIONS
Social Sector
OBJECTIVE: CC ADAPTATION OPTION(S) OTHER

Social Sector OPTIONS (CC,
DRR)
Objective: “To  Construction of an Evacuation  Identification

implement informal Center of evacuation
settler-related laws  Improve livelihood of the sites in
and relocation to a households and their basic strategic
safer and decent needs in the relocation sites places
location and resettlement areas  Land Banking
 Mobilization of additional  Resettlement
Recommendation: To volunteers/ manpower for project
implement housing rescue operations  Relocation of
and urban the families
development related residing within
laws the danger
zone
*Informal sectors are
most vulnerable to
many calamities and
hazards
Objective: “To promote  Regular health care and  Health
peaceful, healthy and supplemental feeding for emergency
highly educated malnourished children and medical
community”  Rescue and emergency drill services
in communities schools,  Conduct of
Recommendation: To offices at risk to increase research and
promote peaceful, awareness rescue
healthy, and resilient  Additional trained manpower training
community on psychosocial support  Training in the
services management
*Healthy and highly  Purchase of additional rescue of the dead
educated people have equipment and missing
higher adaptive
capacities.

Economic Sector

OPTIONS
Economic Sector (CC, DRR)
1. Objective: “To  Adjust planting (harvesting)

implement Sloping calendar to ensure
Agricultural Land agricultural productivity
Technology (SALT) /  Planting of early maturing
contour farming varieties (5 brgys. Around
Iponan River)
Recommendation: To  Provide sustainable
promote and implement alternative livelihood
Sloping Agricultural Land opportunities
Technology (SALT)/  Prohibit firewood gathering
Contour Farming and mining activities in the
upland
*Agricultural areas of CDO  Plant shrub-type crops,
are mostly located in bamboos and trees to serve
sloping areas and as wind breaks
therefore susceptible to  Impose compulsory practice
erosion and landslides of SALT
during rains and may  Planting of permanent crops
result to siltation and root crops in sloping
areas to increase vegetative
cover
 Planting of drought-resistant
crops and varieties
2. Objective: “To  Implementation of Rainforest
implement Tourism development in 5 brgys.
Development Programs” (3,000has.)
 Develop high quality infra
Recommendation: To facility for tourism on proper
Implement Eco-friendly and safe location
Tourism Programs and  Create other tourism
Projects attractions and adventure
 Provide sustainable
*The core of tourism in alternative livelihood
Cagayan de Oro lies in opportunities
White Water Rafting which  Prohibit firewood gathering
is vulnerable to climate and mining activities in the
change impacts. upland

3. Objective: “To promote  Construct/install river Market

favorable entrepreneurial protection wall in urban Study
investment opportunities” barangays running along the Pre-FS
riversides Packaging
Recommendation: To for PPP
promote eco-friendly
investment opportunities to
generate employment
*Previously, industries and

investments usually don’t
consider the environment
when planning.

Environment Sector

Environment OPTIONS
Management (CC,
Sector DRR)
To protect  Establish Ecological Baseline Data and

maintain and conduct river assessment particularly on
enhance inland Water quality, volume of river discharges,
and coastal tidal variation data, extent of water
waters pollution after flooding, actual tenure over
river easement
 Geological Assessment/Study of the River
System
 Riverbank stabilization
 Shoreline Tracing / Coastal trending
 Formulation of Cagayan de Oro and
Iponan river rehabilitation plan
 Restore water quality based on its most
beneficial use / designated classification
 Adoption of River Basin / Watershed
approach in planning
 Implementation of Water Quality
Management Area (WQMA)
To ensure  Creation of Solid Waste Management
effective solid Board
and liquid waste  Establishment of a Sanitary Landfill
disposal  Enforce the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act (R.A. 9003)
 Enact Septage Management Ordinance
 Establish sewerage system
 Establishment of MRF for every barangay
or cluster of barangays
 Conduct IEC on Solid Waste
Management (SWM)
To arrest  Strict enforcement of sanctions on illegal
degradation and cutting of trees
rehabilitate  Establish buffer zones from settlements
denuded forest within the watershed areas
areas  Review of existing policies/guidelines on
issuance of tenurial instruments to
timberland areas to harmonize the
implementation of the IPRA law
 Reforestation of degraded forest areas
 Adoption of NIPAS law in critical

watershed areas
 Creation of Bantay Kalikasan Taskforce
at barangay level
 Implementation of National Greening
Program in upstream Barangays
To promote  Strict implementation of mining laws

sustainable use  Deputization of Barangay Officials to
of mineral enforce mining laws
resources  Identification and Assessment of mining
areas
 Creation of the City mining regulatory
board
 Regular monitoring, control and
surveillance (MCS)
To protect  Rehabilitation of mangrove areas
wildlife and particularly in coastal barangays
vegetation and  Conduct massive assessment and
preserve inventory of abandoned fishpond and
biodiversity enact ordinance on conversion of the
same to mangrove areas
 Formulation of City Integrated Coastal
management Plan
 Establishment of protected areas
To minimize  Mainstreaming of DRRM plan and CCA
occurrence of into city government’s programs and
flooding in the policies
low lying areas  Establish Protected and Conservation
and along the Areas
riverbanks and  Preparation and adoption of Watershed
its adjoining Management Plan with other localities
areas  Preparation of comprehensive drainage
masterplan and implementation of
drainage systems for all priority areas
 Establishment of New Waterways in built-
up area
 Dredging of waterways and Declogging
of Drainage Canals
 Construction/Rehabilitation of Flood
Control Dikes and Slope Protection along
Cagayan and Iponan River
 Adoption of climate resilient and green
building technology in urban area
 Adoption of Watershed Approach -

establishment of Retention Ponds,

Reforestation and Rehabilitation of
Forests
 Establish buffer zones in danger areas
 Enact city ordinance to implement 20-
meter legal easement on riverbanks
To minimize air  Establish greenbelt in urban communities
pollution in the  Conduct carbon reduction initiative
Urban areas  Operationalize Multi sectoral CDeO
Airshed Management (RA 8749 - Clean
Air Act)
 Intensify anti smoke belching drive
 Strengthen motor vehicle inspection
system (MVIS)
 Intensify conduct of IEC on effects of
open burning
To protect and  Creation of City Water Resources Board
conserve ground  Regulate extraction of ground water
and surface  Utilization of Existing springs for potable
water water supply
 Harmonization of policies between
LWUA, NWRB and Local water providers

Infrastructure Sector
OBJECTIVE: CC ADAPTATION OTHER OPTIONS

Infrastructure Sector OPTION(S) (CC, DRR)
To improve existing  Construction Regulate

road network and /Rehabilitation of Ugiaban importation of
linkages to other areas; Bridge and Cabula Bridge surplus vehicles.
into climate resilient
To develop new road  Adoption of low carbon Strict enforcement
networks to hasten emission utility vehicles of traffic
development in growth  Fast tract the ordinance.
areas and in the implementation of the
hinterland barangays. Mindanao Railway System Adoption of
 Promote carpooling building back
To decongest the system better policy in
Central Business  Adoption of (BRT) bus rehabilitation
District rapid transit system projects.
 Construction/rehabilitation
To develop a highly of climate resilient roads
elevated monorail and bridges.
system and other new  Formulation of a mass
modes of mass transport plan
transportation.
 Introduction of River Taxi
as mode of public
transportation
 Provisions of pedestrian
walkway, bicycle and
motorcycle lane on major
road network
To establish an efficient  Shifting to less power
and sustainable power consuming technology
system (for power (conversion of sodium
security and low carbon lights to LED )
emission)  Acquire additional stand-
by power generators to
ensure uninterrupted
supply during power
failures;
 Development of redundant
Power generation System
(solar power, etc.)
 Adoption of green building
technology
 Encourage energy
conservation practices
 Adoption of Disaster

resilient distribution
system
To provide a safe,  Promote water

efficient and sustainable conservation practices
water supply system.  Adoption of Rainwater
Harvesting facility
 Develop springs and other
water bodies as sources of
potable water.
 Adopt climate resilient
water distribution system
 Increase water production
capacity
 Proportionately with the
increase of the population
and future demands
To expand capacities of  Rehabilitation of existing Relocation of
rivers, creeks and drainage and canals informal settlers
waterways  Construction/Rehabilitation from canals and
To provide an efficient of Flood Control Dikes and creeks
drainage and sewerage Slope Protection system
system. along Cagayan and
Iponan Rivers.
 Establishment of New
Waterways in built-up
areas
 Proper Dredging of Major
Rivers
 Construction of Adequate
Drainage System
(identified in Bulua,
Kauswagan)/ Upgrade
size of drainage culverts
 Provision of retention and
detention ponds in large
scale land developments
to delay surface water run-
off to existing waterways
and canals.
 Establish disaster-resilient
telecommunication
facilities
To provide an efficient  Promotion of wireless

and reliable system technology

telecommunication  Encourage other
facilities and services communication companies
to the entire city. to operate in the city.
 Provisions of right of way
for utilities in the urban
design
 Expansion of
telecommunication
services to the hinterland
barangays.
Land Use Sector
OBJECTIVE: CC ADAPTATION OTHER

Land Use Sector OPTION(S) OPTIONS (CC,
DRR)
1. Objective: “Implement Re-Activate Local Housing

informal settler-related Board
laws and relocation to a Propose Creation of City
safer and decent location” Housing/Shelter
- Informal settlers are Department/Office
located in high-risk Strict enforcement of river
areas like rivers, easements
creeks, etc. This CDRRMC approval as
objective will requirement in the Issuance
address the impact of Locational Clearance/
of hazards such as Building Permit
typhoons and Prohibit settlements within
landslides. the legal easement along
- If we can relocate riverbanks by strict
settlers in high risk implementation of existing
areas, there will be laws
fewer casualties.

2. Objective: “A safe, Activate and enhance

peaceful and orderly capacities of BDRRMC
community” (identified in Balulang)
- Improvement: To Implementation of Early
develop a well Warning System at the brgy
planned community level particularly in high risk
- A “well-planned areas (identified in
community” Balulang)
indicates that all Info-Board not only for
factors affecting the “Smart” Subscribers
community will be Implementation of all
considered during lifelines and major
flooding as well as infrastructures
in other hazards. programs/projects should
- The objective also be supported with geo and
places emphasis on hydrometeorological hazard
safety which is of clearance from MGB and
prime importance. other mandated government
agencies
Mainstreaming of DRRM
plan and CCA into city
government’s programs and
policies
Strict enforcement of RA
9003 (Ecological Solid
waste Management) up to
Barangay Level (identified
in Kauswagan)
Strict enforcement of river Maintain/Sustain
3. Objective: “Establish easements Protected and
buffer zones from Prohibit settlements within Conservation
settlements in watershed the legal easement along areas
areas” riverbanks by strict
- Improvement: To implementation of existing
establish buffer laws
zones from Preparation and adoption of
settlements in river Watershed Management
systems areas Plan with other localities
It may be best to primarily Watershed Approach –
look at river systems Retention Ponds,
instead of watershed areas Reforestation and
which are bigger in Rehabilitation of Forest
coverage Establish Protected and
Conservation Areas

Table 2.8
Long List of Adaptation Options obtained from City-Wide Consultation Workshop
Hazard Social Economic Environment Infrastructure Land Use
Flooding  Construction  Implementation of  Establish  Construction/Rehabilitation  Re-Activate Local
of an Proposed Rainforest Ecological of Flood Control Dikes and Housing Board
Evacuation Development in 5 Baseline Data Slope Protection along  Propose Creation of
Center and Brgys. (3,000has.) and conduct Cagayan and Iponan River City Housing/Shelter
equipment  Develop High Quality river  Establishment of New Department/Office
(identified in Infra facility on assessment Waterways in built-up area  CDRRMC approval
Brgy. tourism on proper particularly on  Acquisition of Heavy as requirement in
Dansolihon and safe location Water quality, Equipment for Desiltation the Issuance of
and  Adjust planting volume of river of Rivers and Declogging Locational
Mambuaya) (harvesting) calendar discharges, tidal of Drainage Canals Clearance/ Building
 Additional to ensure agricultural variation data, (identified in Carmen) Permit
skilled productivity extent of water  Dredging of Major Rivers  Strict enforcement
manpower  Planting of early pollution after  Adoption of climate of NIPAS
for rescue maturing varieties (5 flooding, actual resilient and green building  Activate and
operations barangays around tenure over river technology enhance capacities
 Purchase of Iponan River) easement  Retrofitting of all bridges of BDRRMC
additional  Create other tourism  Geological  Construction (identified in
rescue attractions and Assessment/Stu /Rehabilitation of Ugyaban Balulang)
equipment adventure like Rock dy of the River Bridge and Cabula Bridge  Implementation of
 Additional Wall Climbing etc. System  Enforcement thru local Early Warning
trained  Provide sustainable  Riverbank ordinances of Flood- System at the brgy
manpower on alternative livelihood stabilization resistant housing level particularly in
psychosocial opportunities  Communal structures (identified in high risk areas
support  Prohibit firewood Gardening Balulang) (identified in
services (identified in

 Regular gathering and small Balulang)  Construction of Rainwater Balulang)

health care scale mining  Strict Harvesting Technology  Info-Board not only
and particularly in upland enforcement of (identified in Balulang, for “Smart”
supplemental barangays (identified sanctions on Kauswagan) Subscribers
feeding for also in Brgy. Illegal Cutting of  Flood Control Dikes from  Preparation and
malnourished Mambuaya) trees (identified Bulao to highway adoption of
children  Dispersal of seedling in Balulang, (identified in Balulang, Watershed
(identified in varieties (fruit trees, Carmen) Carmen) Management Plan
Brgy. FS vegetables, etc.) and  Rehabilitation of  Construction of Adequate with other localities
Catanico) organic fertilizer mangrove areas Drainage System  Watershed
 Empower  Replant more trees, particularly in (identified in Bulua, Approach –
households in esp. fruit trees coastal Kauswagan)/ Upgrade size Retention Ponds,
relocation (identified in Brgy. barangays of drainage culverts Reforestation and
sites and Mambuaya)  Establish a  Complete drainage Rehabilitation of
resettlement sanitary landfill masterplans for all priority Forest
areas in a proper basins of CDO as basis to  Establish Protected
(improve location improve drainage system and Conservation
livelihood  Increase  Establish concrete farm-to- Areas
systems and awareness thru market roads for easy  Strict enforcement
basic local TV stations accessibility of river easements
services) on CC and tips  Brgy. Mambuaya:  Strict enforcement
(identified in on reducing Construct flood control of RA 9003
Kauswagan) pollution dikes and culvert to river (Ecological Solid
 Flood rescue (identified in from Zone 2 waste Management)
and Carmen) up to Barangay
emergency  Brgy. FS Level (identified in
drill in Catanico: Kauswagan)
communities Vehicles for

(identified in garbage  Implementation of

Balulang, collection all lifelines and
Kauswagan,  Brgy. major infrastructures
Carmen), Mambuaya: programs/projects
schools, Provide more should be supported
offices at risk supply of with geo and
to increase potable water for hydrometeorological
awareness the growing hazard clearance
 Relocation of population. from MGB and other
informal mandated
settlers along government
Cagayan de agencies
Oro River and  Strict enforcement
the river side on subdivision
of Brgy. FS regulations
Catanico (increase in open
 Brgy spaces)
Mambuaya:  Prohibit settlements
Fully organize w/in legal easement
BDRRMC along riverbanks by
strict implementation
of existing laws
Typhoon  Plant Shrub-type • Shoreline
crops, bamboos and Tracing/Coastal
trees to serve as Trending
wind breaks
Rain-  Impose compulsory  Actual Survey of  Slope Protection thru
Induced

Landslide practice of SALT Farm Lots construction of ripraps,

(Practice of multi-  Sustainable gabion and revetment wall
storey cropping) farming on upland areas and
 Planting of practices to riverbanks (identified in
permanent crops and reduce soil Carmen)
root crops in sloping erosion and river
areas to increase siltation
vegetative cover
Drought  Planting of drought-  Inventory of  Establishment of
resistant crops and Deep wells Renewable Power Supply
varieties (legumes  Water Quality System (solar power)
and root crops Monitoring of  Shifting to less power
 Rehabilitation/Repair Deep wells consuming technology.
of Irrigation System (Potability Test) (Conversion of streetlights
in Mambuaya  Assessment of to led lights. etc.)
Water Aquifer  Promote community-based
water conservation
practices

Chapter 3
The Comprehensive Land Use Plan
3.1 Introduction
The Cagayan de Oro City2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan was prepared
pursuant to the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160), which mandated the
Local Government Units, to “prepare their comprehensive land use plans and
enact them through zoning ordinances”.
The Plan is meant to guide the city physical development and to steer the city’s
growth as the business and trading center of Southern Philippines. It provides a
framework of goals, objectives, strategies and actions required for achievement of the
city/s future “CdeO 2022”.
3.2 Vision
A city managed through good governance, empowering its citizenry to thrive in

a highly competitive economy and a sustainable environment nurturing its
diversity and multi-cultural heritage towards a resilient, progressive, and
inclusive future.
3.3 Goals, Objectives, Strategies
Goals & Objectives
Upliftment of socio-economic condition by empowering the

citizenry for a safe, healthy and secured community integrating the
principles of DRR-CCA
 To promote safe, peaceful, orderly, healthy and CCA+DRR resilient

community
 To improve the quality of education
 To Implement housing and urban development-related initiatives
 To promote values formation in the community
 To promote skills development and technology transfer
 To provide livelihood opportunities
 Maximize utilization of safe and secure settlement areas to
accommodate demand in housing
 To improve water production capacity in order to serve other areas
and for future demands
 Improved health services and minimize climate change and disaster
related diseases
 Increased no. of decent and resilient housing for ISFs and formal
sector in identified high risk areas in brgys
 Effective & efficient delivery of social welfare services to affected
families in times of calamities
Chapter 3 – The Comprehensive Land Use Plan Page 86
An efficient and responsive governance
 To strengthen government-private/NOGs/CSOs collaboration

 To strictly implement environmental and other laws and ordinances
 To improve efficiency in fiscal management
 To formulate and promote policies, laws and ordinances on resiliency
to CC/DR impact with transparency and accountability
 To promote efficiency in fiscal management thru sufficient allocation
of funds for the DRR/CCA plans and programs
 To equip city and barangay officials with capacity for effective and
responsive urban environmental governance
 Increased resiliency of academic institutions to climate change and
disaster related events
 Increase involvement of the private sectors and CSOs in the
implementation of projects and programs
 Increase awareness and knowledge on the impacts of CCA/DRR
A sustainable development for the protection and utilization of

natural resources for inclusive growth
 To preserve natural tourist attractions and cultural heritage sites

 To improve the quality of inland, coastal, surface, and ground waters
according to their designated classification
 To protect and conserve the integrity of fresh water resources.
 To ensure effective solid and liquid waste disposal
 To arrest degradation and rehabilitate denuded forest areas
 Provide natural flood abatement facilities
 To promote sustainable use of mineral resources
 To protect wildlife and vegetation and preserve biodiversity
 To minimize occurrence of flooding in the low lying areas and along
the riverbanks and its adjoining areas
 To reduce soil erosion and improve soil fertility
 To minimize air pollution in the urban areas
 Maximize use of land in urban areas
 Increase percentage of open spaces
 To improve existing and develop road network to hasten
development in new growth areas in the hinterland barangays
 To formulate a comprehensive transportation masterplan
 To rehabilitate Mangrove and inter-tidal vegetation (coral reef and
sea grass areas) in 5 years
 To develop and provide legislated protection to wildlife sanctuary
areas
 Establish updated environment planning database
 To optimize agricultural production/productivity and sustain/increase
yields by 10%:

- crops
- fishery
- livestock & poultry
- forestry
 Preserve, protect and enhance natural and heritage tourism sites and
indigenous peoples’ way of life
Investment Enabling City
 To maintain good peace and order condition

 To promote green and disaster resilient infrastructure
 To provide infrastructure facilities and utility support
 To organize and develop alternative livelihood system
 To provide adequate supply of potable water
 To strengthen human resources development
 To promote private-public partnership
 To ensure reliability and sustainability of power supply (power
generation, power distribution thru N+1 supply mode, renewable
energy program)
 To develop and enhance drainage and sewerage system
 To establish efficient and effective information and communication
system
 To promote eco-friendly investment opportunities to generate
employment
 To ensure unhampered business operations year-round through
proper implementation of existing laws and regulations and
provision for infra-support facilities.
- Industry
- Trade/Commerce
- Services (e.g. tourism, ICT etc.)

Strategies
Social
Employment & Livelihood

 Livelihood program (home and community-based) to augment
income
 Implementation of regular training program for skills development
and enhancement (entrepreneurship development program)
 Compliance with standard ration of social services
Housing & Resettlement

 Provision of funds for housing
 Relocation for dwellers within the hazard areas
 Provision of decent, affordable housing on environmentally safe
areas
 Adopt community mortgage program for informal settlers
 Application of urban renewal in onsite relocation
 Encourage housing developers to participate/engage in socialized
housing
Sports and Recreation

 Establishment of sports complex
Disaster Risk Reduction & Mitigation

 Establishment of evacuation center
 Introduction of alternative livelihood projects
 Conduct IEC/drills of disaster preparedness and implementation of
DRRM Plan
 Organization of community disaster response team
 Regular health care and supplemental feeding for malnourished
children
 Rescue and emergency drill in community, schools, offices at risk
 Disaster preparedness programs
 Proper utilization of DRRM Fund
 Construction of multi-storey schools and other public buildings in
safer areas within the barangay
 Improvement of educational facilities
 Promotion of Technical/Vocational Courses
 Medical Emergency and health services
 Promote the concept of cremation
 Identify possible burial sites
 Promote multi-interment
 Improvement of jail buildings with facilities
 Construction of additional police sub-stations
 Establishment of central fire station and its facilities
 Daycare Centers in all relocation sites
 Landbanking

 Establishment of city social welfare services complex

o Center for street children
o Vocational and Development Center for Person/Children with
Disabilities
o Day Center for Senior Citizens
o Center for Women
o Center for Mentally Challenged Persons
Economic
 Expand areas for urban greening

 Streamlining business registration process and lowering business
transaction costs
 Strengthen investment promotion
 Establishment of high-density commercial district in the new
growth areas
 Pedestrianization of commercial districts and in cultural heritage
areas
 Promotion of Agricultural Technology in selected rural areas
 Provision of alternative livelihood projects/activities
 Implementation of integrated coastal management plan (11
coastal barangays)
 Development of rural road network linking to primary farming
areas
 Establishment of post-harvest facilities
 Enhancement of Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Plan
 Development of tourism sites
 Development of comprehensive tourism programs
 Encourage farmers/fisherfolks to insure crops, livestock and
fishery with PCIC
 Conservation and protection of cultural, natural sites and heritage
 Maintenance of identified natural sites for eco-tourism
 Installation of irrigation facilities (SWIS)
Infrastructure
 Provision, rehabilitation and establishment of quality infra-support

(river dikes, protection wall, upgraded drainage canal)
 Formulation of Comprehensive Drainage Master Plan
 Encourage solar energy as alternative source of power
 Improvement of road network
 Establishment of by-passed roads
 Pedestrianization (Divisoria)
 Establishment of bicycle lanes
 Tap alternative sources of potable water

 Establishment of sewerage system

 Promote water conservation practices
 Modify water supply facilities to be hazard resilient
 Dredging of rivers
 Implement/enforce Clean Water Act and other pertinent laws and
regulations
 Retrofitting of bridges
 Adoption/integration CCA-DRR plan into urban development.
 Adopt disaster-resilient telecommunication facilities/system.
 Adopt Shift Improve and Avoid policy
 Formulation/development of a Comprehensive Transport Plan
 Promote carpooling and use of public utility vehicles
 Discourage importation of surplus vehicles
 Introduction of rain-harvesting system and other water
impounding facilities in big business establishments
 Provision of retaining walls/flood control dikes
 Improvement of river channel
 Shift/influence development from hazard prone to hazard free
areas
 Adoption of Geo hazards Consideration in planning and
construction.
-Encourage structures on stilts
 Modification of public offices/buildings to be disaster resilient
Land Use and Environment
 Promotion of urban gardening

 Passage of ordinance for no build zone areas
 Strict implementation of traffic rules and regulation
 Strict implementation of legal easement as provided by law
 Implementation of project NOAH/warning system in coordination
with DOST
 Adoption of River Basin/Watershed Approach in Planning
 Implementation of DRR Management Plan
 Implementation of river basin planning system approach
 Establishment of buffer zones in danger areas
 Implementation of National Greening Program (upstream brgys)
 Utilization of existing springs for potable water supply
 Harmonization of policies between LWUA,NWRB and Local
Water Providers
 Regulation of the extraction of underground water
 Implementation of septage management ordinance (short term
solution)
 Implementation of Water Quality Management Area
 Regulate Mining Activities
 Strict implementation of RA 9003

 Strict implementation of the Water Code, particularly on easement

as provided by law
 Rehabilitation of denuded areas
 Landbanking
 Urban Greening Projects
 Greenbelt Establishments
 Strict enforcement of mining and other environmental laws
 Strengthening of Task Force Iponan River
 Identification of mining areas
 Involvement / deputation of Barangay Officials in the enforcement
of mining and other environmental laws
 Creation of the City Mining Regulatory Board
 Regular monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS)
 Empowering the local residents in safeguarding the environment
 Strict implementation of the ordinance regarding internet cafes
 Establish warning system devices in every school
3.4 The Concept/Structure Plan
The structure plan of the City of Cagayan de Oro focuses on the

priority development for the next ten years. This includes the following:
 Conservation and preservation area in Barangays Macahambus,

Mambuaya, F.S. Catanico, Malasag, Dansolihon, Bayanga,
Cugman, Agusan, Indahag, Balubal
 Heritage Sites in Barangays Poblacion, Divisoria, and Taguanao
 Urban Greening Area in Barangays Poblacion, Isla de Oro and
along riverbanks
 Reforestation Area in Barangays Bayanga, Lumbia, Agusan,
Baikingon, Besigan, Camaman-an, Canitoan, Carmen, Taglimao,
Pigsag-an, Balulang, Tignapoloan and Dansolihon
 Light-Medium Industrial Area in Barangays Tablon, Cugman,
Agusan, Bugo, Puerto and Lumbia
 Mangrove Reforestation in the coastal barangays of Bayabas,
Bonbon, Agusan, Tablon, Cugman, Bugo, Puerto, Bulua
 Agricultural and Forest Areas in the southernmost barangays of
the city
 Western Urban Development in Barangays Bulua, Patag,
Kauswagan, Bonbon and Bayabas
 West Uptown Development in Upper Carmen, Canitoan, Lumbia
and Pagatpat
 East Uptown Development in Gusa, Indahag, Macasandig and
Camaman-an
 Eastern Urban Development in Upper and Lower Puerto, Bugo,
Agusan, Balubal, and Tablon
 Downtown Development in Poblacion (CBD), Carmen, Lapasan,
Puntod and Macabalan

3.4.1 Preferred Development Thrust
Commercial and Light-Medium Industrial Development
The City opted for commercial and light-medium industrial

development. The chosen thrust was evaluated through Goal
Achievement Matrix (GAM) Analysis. GAM results are presented in
Annex A.
3.4.2 Major Spatial Development Strategies
1. Entice development in identified growth areas through the provision

of basic and excellent facilities (west uptown-Carmen, Canitoan
and Lumbia; downtown-Divisoria, Cogon, Carmen, Lapasan,
Macabalan, Puntod and Poblacion CBD; western urban-Bulua,
Patag, Kauswagan, Bonbon, Bayabas (BULPATKABONBAY); east
uptown-Gusa, Indahag, Macasandig and Camaman-an; eastern
urban development-Puerto, Bugo, Agusan, Balubal and Tablon)
2. Conservation and protection of natural sites and heritage i.e.

gorges landscape, critical habitat, wetlands and river system
(Macahambus, Mambuaya, FS Catanico, Malasag, Dansolihon,
Bayanga, Cugman, Agusan, Indahag, Balubal)
3. Incorporate provisions of pedestrian (walkways, bicycle lane) on

proposed road right- of- way (Divisoria, Poblacion)
4. Identify and legally declare built heritage sites in Divisoria,

Taguanao and Poblacion and regulate building heights,
architecture and color for historical-cultural tourism
5. Intensify and sustain urban greening in Poblacion, Isla de Oro and

along riverbanks
6. Establish new sanitary landfill in Pagatpat/other suitable alternative

site
7. Enforce the setback requirements along public roads for yield

points/loading-unloading bay
8. Intensify greening and fruit tree growing in sloping areas of

Barangays Bayanga, Lumbia, Agusan, Baikingon, Besigan,
Camaman-an, Canitoan, Carmen, Taglimao, Pigsag-an, Balulang,
Tignapoloan, and Dansolihon
9. Light-Medium Industrial Areas – Tablon, Cugman, Agusan, Bugo,

Puerto, Lumbia

10. Mangrove reforestation - Bayabas, Bonbon, Agusan, Tablon,

Cugman, Bugo, Puerto, Bulua
11. Provision of structural mitigation measures (special land use

planning) for hazard prone areas
12. Provision of housing for settlers in blighted areas

3.4.3 The Structure Plan

Figure 3.1
Structure Plan
Cagayan de Oro City

3.5 The Land Use Plan
3.5.1 Urban Land Demand
The projected urban land requirement is based on the current land uses and
the population trends. The different sizes of lots used as basis for computation
was taken from prevalent size of lot in the city and which are considerably
acceptable. For residential projections, a minimum lot size of 80 square meters
per housing unit was used for computation.
3.5.2 Land Supply
Identification of land available was taken from the result of thematic mapping.
Land available are those potential growth areas which are the remaining areas
after deducting all development constraints.
3.5.3 Proposed General Land and Water Uses
3.5.3.1 Agriculture
The Strategic Agriculture and Fishery Development Zone (SAFDZ) and

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform (CARP) areas shall serve as the development
framework for agriculture. Areas devoted to crops, i.e. corn, bananas, fruits &
nuts and vegetables will be retained in the rural barangays while crop
production and productivity will be intensified.
For livestock and poultry, backyard production specifically for swine, goats and
cattle will be regulated in the hinterland barangays.
Sustenance fishing (inland) shall be developed to augment fishery productivity

in potential areas where there are rivers, lakes and fishponds.
Proposed agricultural areas within the planning period summed up to 14,759.63

hectares.
3.5.3.2 Forest
The forest areas in the hinterland barangays on the south abutting the
provincial boundary of Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte, i.e. Cugman, FS
Catanico, Tablon and Balubal will be retained/conserved. Premium and
introduced species will be used in the reforestation of these identified
barangays.

To sustain the National Greening Program, tree growing for reforestation at the
barangays shall be constantly enforced requiring NSTP to facilitate such
activity.
Open grassland will be devoted to fruit trees so as to protect the area from
further erosion.
Proposed forest areas within the planning period summed up to 27,730.32

hectares.
3.5.3.3 Tourism
The current development thrust for the City of Cagayan de Oro identified Eco-
tourism as a priority. It has identified the development of Cluster 1 which
includes the Calabera Cave located in Indahag and Huluga Cave in Taguanao,
this City. It covers approximately 175 hectares comprising the Macahambus
Cave and Gorge as well as Historical Heritage sites located in Barangays
Lumbia and Bayanga. Total tourism area proposed within the planning period
summed up to 1,167.34 hectares.
3.5.3.4 Urban Land Use
For the planning period, proposed total urban land use of the city summed up
to 12,123.47 hectares.
3.5.3.5 Water Use
Appropriate Coastal Use Zone shall be identified and delineated (e.g.

recreational areas, mariculture areas, marine protected areas, marine parks,
marine reserves, navigational lanes, fishing grounds, eco-tourism destination
sites, docking areas).
The following table shows the proposed general land and water use of the City
within the planning period.
Table 3.1
Proposed General Land and Water Use
Cagayan de Oro City
% to total
Land Use Categories Area (hectares)
Agricultural 14,759.63 25.51
Forest 27,730.32 47.93
Tourism 1,167.34 2.02
Urban Land Use 12,123.47 20.96
Roads, Rivers and Creeks 2,070.24 3.58
Total 57,851.00 100.00

Figure 3.2
General Land Use Plan
Cagayan de Oro City

3.5.4 Proposed Urban Land and Water Uses
Settlement
The proposed settlement areas are the major and sub-nodes sited along east-
west stretch of the city towards the southern escarpment areas. There will be
strong linkages of these nodes to the CBD.
Major linkages in the east are the Agusan-Balubal Road and the national
highway. The J.R. Borja Road will be extended up to Agusan traversing
Cugman and Tablon. The Eastern Coastal Highway shall be completed to
decongest traffic along Iligan-Cagayan-Butuan Highway.
For the western nodes, Western Coastal Highway will be fast tracked for
completion.
Major linkage in the southern portion is the Iligan-Bukidnon Lateral Highway.
3.5.4.1 Residential Areas
Within the planning period, residential areas remain the highest allocation
estimated at 9,183.19 hectares of the total urban land area of Cagayan de Oro.
This would dominate the land uses. Significant areas are the relocation sites in
Indahag, Calaanan, Camaman-an, Canitoan, Balubal and Pagatpat. Medium-
rise residential buildings are expected to be adopted for the lack of space vis-à-
vis the increase of households. Residential areas are planned to be pedestrian-
friendly.
3.5.4.2 Commercial Areas
Mixed uses of commercial areas will be established in Poblacion, Carmen,

Lapasan and Gusa that would cater to offices, malls, and
shopping/retail/trading services.
New growth/expansion areas will be developed as follows:
 Western Urban Development (covering BULPATKABONBAY)

 West-Uptown Development Area (Barangays Carmen, Canitoan,
and Lumbia)
 East-Uptown Development Area (Barangays Gusa, Indahag,
Macasandig and Camaman-an)
 Eastern Urban Development Area (Upper Puerto, Lower Puerto
and Bugo, Agusan and Balubal, and Tablon)
 Downtown Development Area – Poblacion (CBD), Carmen,
Lapasan, Puntod and Macabalan

Infrastructure support facilities and amenities such as ample parking areas,

upgraded drainage system, developed sewerage system, and improved
telecommunication network facilities will be provided in these growth areas
Commercial area within the planning period is estimated at 688.96 hectares.
3.5.4.3. Industrial
Areas along Tablon would be processing of agricultural products while this

would be mixed to wood-based industries.
Lumbia Airport will be converted into Industrial Economic Zone.
Agro-industrial development will take place at Upper Puerto.
Light-medium industries will be developed at Lower Puerto, Bugo and Tablon.
Tourism Infrastructure and Economic Zone will be established at Cugman,

along with development/expansion of industrial warehousing facilities.
Cashew and Cashew Nuts Production at Lumbia will be intensified for cashew
industry development, as well as product Innovation and promotion.
Proposed industrial areas within the planning period summed up to 284.81

hectares.
3.5.4.4 Institutional
Barangay centers, schools, churches and government centers are the

institutional uses with location dispersed throughout the locality.
Youth centers will be constructed in four strategic areas, namely: Lumbia,

Carmen, Nazareth and Lapasan.
A sports complex equipped with world-class facilities will be constructed at

Barangay Lumbia.
Within the planning period, proposed institutional areas summed up to 372.53

hectares.
3.5.4.5. Agro/Eco-Tourism/Heritage Area
Natural/heritage sites such as gorges, caves, wetlands as well as the river

systems shall be rehabilitated, conserved and protected. These are located in
Barangays Lumbia, FS Catanico, Cugman, Agusan, Bayanga, Mambuaya,
Dansolihon, Macasandig, Agusan and Bonbon.

Built heritage sites are located in Divisoria and the area stretching to St.
Augustine Cathedral. Building heights, architecture and color shall be regulated
for historical/cultural tourism. Approved cultural heritage sites shall be
preserved and enhanced.
Agro-Tourism will be developed at Palalan, Tablon with piped irrigation system

for farm lots watering. Other Barangays identified are Lumbia, Pagalungan,
Bayanga, Mambuaya, Dansolihon, Taglimao, Tagpangi, Tignapoloan, Tuburan,
Tumpagon, Pigsag-an, Besigan
Downtown check-in lounge and shuttle shall be established to ferry airport

passengers from Cagayan de Oro to Laguindingan Airport and vice versa. An
alternative fast craft ferry system to Laguindingan Airport will be established.
Regular Maintenance and Enhancement of existing historical landmarks in the
city will be done.
3.5.4.6 Parks and Open Space
Salient feature is the proposed Isla de Oro River Walk with the urban renewal
activity in Burgos Area. It features low-impact development and landscaping.
Beautification and urban greening in major thoroughfares will be implemented
and maintained.
Escarpment areas are for tree planting/growing and greening Cagayan de Oro
River.
Green-belt areas and forest parks in various islets in Cagayan de Oro River will
be identified and established.
Additional parks and playgrounds shall be developed while the existing shall be
improved.
The City Amphitheater will be re-developed as modern public amusement and

recreational center with basement parking area.
Areas for parks and open spaces summed up to 325 hectares within the
planning period.
3.5.4.7 Mangroves
Mangroves in the city are located in the coastal floodplains of Bulua, Bayabas,
Bonbon, Lapasan, Agusan, Bugo, Puerto, Tablon andalong the riverbank of
Kauswagan. These are the same areas currently subjected to mangrove
reforestation activities of the city government in partnership with the fisherfolks
associations of respective barangays.

Table 3.2 shows the proposed urban land and water use of the City within the
planning period.
Table 3.2
Proposed Urban Land and Water Use
Cagayan de Oro City
Land Use Categories Area (hectares) % to total
Agro-Industrial 1,189.11 9.81

Commercial 688.96 5.68
Industrial 284.81 3.07
Institutional 372.53 2.35
Open Space/Vacant Land 325.00 2.68
Residential 9,183.19 75.75
Swamp/Marshland 79.87 0.66
100.00
Total 12,123.47

Figure 3.3
Urban Land Use Plan
Cagayan de Oro City

Figure 3.4
Transport Network and Circulation Pattern
Cagayan de Oro City

3.5.5 Development Directions/Guidelines/Policies
3.5.5.1 Urban Development-Growth Areas
3.5.5.1.1 Urban Expansion Area # 1
(Western Urban Development Area)
Western Urban Development covers Barangay Bulua, Patag, Kauswagan,

Bonbon and Bayabas.
This growth node serves as the entry and exit points from and to Laguindingan
Airport and other parts of the country. This also serves as the major
convergence point for people, goods and products, as well as transport service
to and from other parts of the region.
 Existing Facilities
1. Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal
2. Fish and vegetable landing
3. Coastal road passing through barangays Gusa, Lapasan,
Kauswagan, Bayabas, Bulua and Iponan
 Proposed Development
1. Commercial mixed use medium to high density pedestrian friendly
center for Cagayan de Oro City.
2. Commercial areas along Western Coastal Highway-Kauswagan,
Bayabas, Bulua
3. Completion and widening of western coastal highway
4. Establish/construct main drain (canal)
5. Waste water treatment for subdivisions
6. Preservation and expansion of wetlands in Bulua, Bonbon and
Bayabas
7. Provision of multi-purpose and socio-economic centers (reading
centers, parks, and the like)
3.5.5.1.2 Urban Expansion Area #2
(West-Uptown Development Area)
Covering Barangays Carmen, Canitoan, Lumbia and Pagatpat. This will be a

medium to high-density, mixed-use pedestrian friendly center with high end,
low-density type of development for residential and commercial uses. This area
will decongest the present major urban center/city core and shall provide more
opportunities for socio-economic activities.

The Lumbia Airport shall be converted into an industrial area/economic zone

which shall then become a major provider of employment for the people in the
city.
 Existing Facilities
1. Macapagal Highway Extension connecting to the western coastal
highway.
2. An established residential and commercial areas and
neighborhood centers such as; Pueblo de Oro Township, Camella
and Xavier Estate.
3. SM Shopping Mall
4. Xavier University IT Park
1. Development Master and Urban Design Plan

2. Road Network Development
3. Establishment of green belt areas
4. Establishment of parks and open spaces
5. Establishment of tree parks in subdivisions
6. Strict implementation of tree planting strips in major thoroughfare
including subdivision major roads
7. Establish main drain from airport going to Calaanan Creek
(canal)
9. Establishment of retention basins
10. Rain harvesting for commercial establishments and residential
buildings
11. Establishment of retirement community
3.5.5.1.3 Urban Expansion #3
(East-Uptown Development Area)
Located in Barangays Gusa, Indahag, Macasandig and Camaman-an. This

area will have the same function as that of the West-Uptown Development
Area with the presence of high-end subdivisions like the Fil-Estate Subdivision
and Alegria Hills.
This area is linked to the other major urban centers through the Pelaez
Highway that also connects to the West-Uptown Development Area.
 Existing Facilities:
1. Convention Center(on-going construction)

2. Camp site for Boys Scouts of the Philippines

3. High end residential subdivisions
4. Heritage area (Huluga Cave in Indahag)
5. City relocation site (Indahag)
6. Private Schools
1. Slope protection/regulated development
2. Establishment of green belt areas
4. Strict implementation of tree planting strips in subdivisions
5. Establishment of retention facilities
buildings
3.5.5.1.4 Urban Expansion #4
(Eastern Urban Development Area)
This area is composed of the following sub-nodes, namely: Upper Puerto,

which is identified as an Agro- Industrial Area; Lower Puerto and Bugo which
are existing industrial and residential areas; Agusan and Balubal, which are
hosts to high-end subdivisions; Tablon, which is an existing industrial area;
and, Palalan, Tablon, which is identified for Agro-Tourism.
 Existing Facilities:
1. Sayre Highway which has recently been upgraded with a fly-over
to ease traffic congestion at the intersection provides linkage to
the Provinces of Bukidnon and Cotabato
2. Iligan-Cagayan-Butuan Super Highway links the area to the
Provinces of Davao, Agusan, Surigao and Sarangani
3. Puerto Public Market serves as trading center for goods and other
products from adjoining areas.
1. JR Borja Extension shall be connected to Agusan, Balubal and
Puerto
2. Concreting from Agusan to Manolo Fortich Highway
4. Establishment of green belt areas for subdivisions with slope
18deg and up


buildings
8. Slope protection/regulated development
9. Regulate/Limit industrial land use along coastal area at Tablon
10. Harmonize the various land uses in Tablon and enhance the
ecology (mangrove reforestation)
11. Livelihood improvement for the marginal fisherfolks affected at
the same time retain the industrial base
13. Agro-Tourism development at Sitio Palalan in Tablon (piped
irrigation system for farm lots watering)
14. Secondary Road (20m) Network for Sitio Palalan in Tablon
3.5.5.1.5 Urban Expansion Area #5
Downtown Development Area – Poblacion

(CBD), Carmen, Lapasan, Puntod and Macabalan
This Downtown Development Area is going to be a high density commercial

district comprised of the Poblacion or CBD and Barangays Carmen, Lapasan,
Puntod and Macabalan.
 Existing Commercial and Residential Areas

1. Presence of big business establishments like Limketkai Mall,
Gaisano City Mall, Pure Gold and Centrio Mall and Tower
2. Macabalan Port
3. Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal (Agora, Lapasan)
4. Public Markets (Cogon, Carmen and Agora)
5. Recreational Sports Facilities (Sports Center)
6. Institutional Facilities (Academic and Government)
1. Develop an expanded downtown master plan
2. Provision of new Transportation Master Plan with the introduction
of new traffic scheme
3. Downtown check-in and shuttle for airport passengers from
Cagayan de Oro to Laguindingan Airport (Fast craft or utility
vehicles)
4. Provision of sidewalks and pedestrian lanes
5. Establishment of interceptors from city hall to Isla Bugnaw
6. Establishment of green belt areas at Islas de Oro, Bugnaw,
Baksan
7. Installation of rain harvesting facility for commercial
establishments and residential buildings


10. DEWATS (Waste water treatment facility) baffled with planted
gravel filter.
12. Urban renewal for blighted areas
13. River front development project
14. Urban greening of Divisoria
15. Provision of vertical parking space
3.5.5.2 Conservation and protection of natural sites and heritage i.e. gorges
caves, wetlands and river systems. (Barangays Lumbia, FS Catanico,
Cugman, Agusan, Bayanga, Mambuaya, Dansolihon, Macasandig,
Agusan and Bonbon.)
3.5.5.2.1 Dansolihon/Bayanga/Mambuaya–Cave System

Bayanga/Lumbia - Macahambus Cave & Gorge (Natural sites
and heritage)
Malasag, Cugman - Protection of natural sites for forest
reserves;
Taguanao, Indahag -Natural sites and heritage
 Clarification of the status of land ownership

(DENR declaration as Forestal Area)
 Regulate/ limit settlement in the area to preserve its natural
site
 Non issuance of land title/tax declaration
3.5.5.2.2 Mambuaya-River system for tourism particularly river

rafting; Cugman-River system; Agusan- River
system; Cagayan de Oro River – protected area
 Prohibit settlements within the legal easement along the

riverbanks by strict implementation of existing national &
local laws.
 No build zone and restriction of development along the
area
3.5.5.2.3 FS Catanico- Natural sites for tourism;
 Development and improvement of the identified natural

sites for tourism

3.5.5.3 Incorporate provisions of pedestrian network (walkways,

bicycle lane) on proposed road right-of-way (Divisoria,
Poblacion)
3.5.5.3.1Divisoria
 Provide 1.20 m. width both sides for bicycle parking

 Amendment of existing City Ordinance pertaining parking
areas at Divisoria
3.5.5.3.2 Poblacion
 Propose bicycle lane of 1.20m width at the left side of the

road
 Identify specific locations of ramp for compliance of BP 344
 Sidewalks alignment for safety
3.5.5.4 Identify and legally declare built heritage sites in Divisoria,

Taguanao and Poblacion and regulate building heights,
architecture and color for historical-cultural tourism
3.5.5.4.1 For16m wide road allow construction of 4 store building. For

32m wide road allow construction of 8storey building.
 Strict implementation on the provisions of the NBC and

Zoning Ordinance of the city
 Adaptation of the framework plan
3.5.5.5 Intensify and sustain urban greening in Poblacion, Isla de Oro

and along riverbanks
3.5.5.5.1 Poblacion
Identified greenbelt area/urban greening at Poblacion: Capistrano

St., Velez St., Corrales Ave., JR Borja St., Osmeña St.,
Gaabucayan St. with total area of 13.5 hectares
 Establishment of greenbelt areas/urban greening

 Maintenance of existing planted trees
 Additional areas to be planted with ornamental plants in
planter boxes
3.5.5.5.2 Isla de Oro (8.85 has.), Isla Bugnaw (4.1 has.), Isla
Baksan (2.3 has.) with total area of 15.25 has.
 Develop forest park specially in no build zone identified

areas

 Establish river protection dikes and planting of bamboo

trees, talisay trees, lambago trees and pagatpat trees
along the riverbanks
 Planting of endemic/hardwood trees for future seedbank
and tree repository
3.5.5.5.3 Riverbanks- Cagayan de Oro River, Iponan

River, Umalag River, Bigaan River, Tablon
River, Agusan River, Puerto River, Besigan
River, Tignapoloan River, and Cugman
River with a total area of 225 linear kilometers
 Strict implementation of the National Greening

Program
 Adoption of watershed characterization and
management plan
 Require NSTP to facilitate tree growing for all
freshmen students
 Intensify rehabilitation and establishment of
riverbank vegetative measure
3.5.5.6 Development of Pagatpat Sanitary Landfill (area: 41 has.)
1. Land use conversion from CBFM to Sanitary Landfill (for

conversion to special land use)
 Continue the re-compensation of the improvements

of the surface claimant/affected areas (City
Ordinance)
2. Conduct Hydro Geologic and Geotechnical studies of the

area to determine its feasibility
3. Preparation of site development plan
 Actual zoning/allocation of area as to waste

segregation, waste special waste, reuse, recycle
and research
4. Contain tributaries creeks within the subject area and

provide peripheral canal/drainage
5. Provide monitoring wells in strategic location to monitor the
possible leachate seepage and percolation
3.5.5.7 Enforce the setback requirements along public roads for
yield points/loading-unloading bay-nodal growth areas
 Enforcement of the NBC and the RTA regulation

 Define road width, type of occupancy, historical sites

 Assign overseer on the growth areas depending on the

development concern of each growth center
o West Urban Center - 30 m. RROW
o West Uptown Urban - 30m. RROW
o East Uptown Urban Center -15m. RROW
o Urban Center J.R Borja - 12m. RROW
o East Urban Center - 12m. RROW
3.5.5.8 Intensify greening and tree growing in sloping areas of

Barangays Bayanga, Lumbia, Agusan, Baikingon,
Besigan, Camaman-an, Canitoan, Carmen, Taglimao,
Pigsag-an, Balulang, Tignapoloan, Dansolihon
 Implement reforestation (premium and introduced species)

for domestic use in the identified areas
 Require NSTP to facilitate tree growing for all freshmen
students
3.5.5.9 Light-Medium Industrial Areas – Tablon, Cugman,

Agusan, Bugo, Puerto, Lumbia
3.5.5.9.1 Allocate industrial zone area for future expansion, new plants
and possible relocation of industries inappropriate to their
existing location (within residential areas) area: 100 hectares
within Tablon to Palalan
 Relocation on light-medium industries within the residential

area(e.g. Barangay Cugman)
 Strict monitoring of industrial plants in compliance to
environmental requirement (e.g. ECC)
 Industrial Zone area for relocation/transfer
 Improvement of private ports and open the facilities for
other industries to cater shipments of products and raw
materials
 Existing light to medium industries along the coastal areas
will be required to plant mangroves
3.5.5.9.2 Light-Medium industrial area at Lumbia
 Enhance/improve cashew nuts production.

 Establish backyard-type cashew plantation.
 Conduct capability enhancement program related to
cashew production.
3.5.5.10 Mangrove reforestation - Bayabas, Bonbon, Agusan,

Tablon, Cugman, Bugo, Puerto, Bulua

 Inventory/Assessment and reversion of abandoned

fishpond areas to mangrove (RA 8550)
 Rehabilitation of mangrove areas
 Preservation of wetland areas
 Strict implementation of the Wild Life Conservation
Program pursuant to RA 9147 (Wild Life Act)
 Inventory and enhancement of flora and fauna
 Identification, protection and conservation of critical
habitats (caves, wetlands, river systems, natural and built
heritage areas)
 Enforcement of beach rehabilitation program pursuant to
EO 533
 Adaptation and implementation of the City Integrated
Coastal Management (ICM) Plan pursuant to EO 533
 Implementation of water easements (3m in urban, 20m
agro areas as per Water Code 1067
 Declaration and management of marine protected areas
 Enactment of Local Fishery Code in conformity with RA
8550
 Enactment of Coastal Zoning Ordinance and integration to
CLUP
3.5.5.11 Provision of structural mitigation measures (special land use

planning) for hazard prone areas
3.5.5.11.1 Establishment of Retention Basins at (strategic
areas similar to MMDA)
 Conduct study to determine appropriate area for retention

basin. (Gaisano Mall, KetKai, and MUST)
 Require the industries /establishments to maintain

retention basins
3.5.5.11.2 Dredging of rivers, creeks waterways
3.5.5.11.3 Adopt the 20m easement of no build-zone and utilize it for

research and forestry development, agriculture, fishery,
plantation, and sanctuaries
 Strict implementation of guidelines for sand and gravel

extraction and provide protection measures along the
banks of the area applied
 Contribute to the long term plan in establishing dikes for

systematic quarry operations

 Formulate guidelines/with penalties for strict

implementation on the maximum depth/allowable for sand
and gravel extraction which is more or less 2.00 meters
and succeeding extraction will be based on replenishment
capacity of the river.
 Quarry permits/operators that fall at meandered sections of

the river shall be directed to include straightening of the
river and shall form part of their development plan.
3.5.5.11.4 Straightening/Rechanneling of severely meandered

sections of Iponan River and other areas to increase
the discharge capacity since obstruction are already
minimal
 Coordination of the government agency as to the private

lots that maybe affected by said rechanneling/straightening
3.5.5.11.5 Formulation of drainage master plan
3.5.5.11.6 Enact an ordinance requiring land developments to provide

retention basins to delay discharge of surface run off to
existing waterways.
 Strict implementation of guidelines for drainage system of

land developments/subdivisions.
3.5.5.11.7 Area declared as no build zone (from shoreline to Pagatpat

more or less 90 has., from shoreline to Balulang more or
less 50 has., more or less 15.25 hectares comprising Isla
de Oro, Bugnaw, Baksan) shall be utilized for plantation,
propagation of premium trees, research for forestry,
agriculture, fisheries and wild life and recreation.
 Establish the perimeters and boundaries of the No Build

Zone area in accordance with the existing city ordinance.

3.6 Land Use Sector Policy Options
Issues/Concerns Implications Policy Options/Recommendations
Adaptation Mitigation
Structural Non-structural Structural Non-structural
Difficulty in Residents returning to their Enactment of city Delineate no build

implementing the former residences identified ordinance to implement the zones
no build zone as hazard areas no build zone policy in
policy due to lack geohazard areas and
of implementing heritage areas
Development of forest
guidelines
New occupants/informal park particularly in no
settlers on hazard areas build zone identified
Implementation of Early areas
Warning system at the
Brgy level
Encroachment of Increase frequency Enactment of city Removal/relocation of Enforcement of

private claims in Flooding/Obstruction of ordinance to implement informal settlers. pertinent local and
Legal Easements waterways and reduction of legal easement national laws on
along coastal, absorption capacity of illegal structures
deltas and beaches and shores
Demolition of illegal
riverbanks
structure after due

process Strict monitoring

and coordination
Potential risk to lives and among RLAs and
properties in case of law enforcers
flooding, storm surge and
fire
Prevent public access
Non preservation Lose identity of the city Identification, survey and Preservation and
of old evaluation of existing old enhancement of
identity/structure of structure and heritage site approved cultural
the city’s both natural and built with heritage sites and
cultural/heritage historical accounts structures
structure
Implementation of heritage
act pursuant to RA 1601
Integration to the strategy

of the Tourism program of
the city
Lack of Non compliance of

consistencies in requirements
the implementation

of IPRA law and

existing policy on
tenured timberland Duplication of claims of Review of existing policies/guidelines on issuance of tenurial instruments to timberland areas and
areas awarded ancestral submit findings and recommendation to harmonize the implementation of the IPRA law.
domains (Adaptation-Non structural)
Arising tribal wars
Degraded coastal Loss of fish habitat Adoption and implementation of the city integrated coastal management (ICM) plan pursuant to
areas EO 533
Low productivity of
coastal/marine resources Enactment of local fishery code in conformity with ra8550
Reduction of income of
fisher folks and business

people
Loss of natural protective

covers of shoreline areas
and loss biodiversity

Conflicting uses of Loss of recreational Implementation of legal easement on coastal areas

coastal use zone areas/mangroves/
maricultures
Identification and designation of appropriate Use Zone ( ex. Recreational, mariculture areas,
marine protected areas, marine parks, marine reserves, navigational lanes, fishing grounds, eco-
tourism destination sites, docking areas) and formulate coastal use management plan to be
Loss of biodiversity integrated in the CLUP
No designated docking Implementation of coastal use management plan integrated in the CLUP
areas for fishermen
Reversion of abandoned fishpond areas to mangrove rehabilitation areas

Reduction of fishing
grounds

Degradation of Flooding downstream Preparation and adoption Reforestation/protection Coordination with

watershed areas of Watershed Management in watershed areas to LGUs within the
Plan improve vegetative watershed areas
cover
Siltation of rivers due to

agriculture and mining Establishment of
activities Adoption of NIPAS law in protected areas
critical watershed areas
Restore water quality

based on its most
beneficial use/designated
classification
Formulation of CdeO and

Iponan
River Rehabilitation Plan
Loss of wetland Reduced fish catch Conduct massive Mangrove reforestation

areas due to assessment and inventory
continued urban of abandoned fishpond
and enact ordinance on

development Loss of bio diversity conversion of the same to

mangrove area
Loss of grain production

areas (rice fields)
Presence of illegal Siltation due to illegal Strict Implementation of

mining operations mining activity mining laws
Creation of Bantay
Kalikasan task force at
Brgy level
Denuded forest Extreme flooding in urban Reforestation and Establishment of Enforcement of

due to illegal and rural areas rehabilitation of denuded greenbelt areas mining laws
mining activity forest areas
Timber poaching in Denuded forest Provisions of livelihood project in the upland barangays
the hinterland
barangays
Tree planting and growing
Conversion of Reduced agricultural Strict

prime agri-lands to implementation of

residential purpose production and productivity RA 8435
Pollutive Contamination of water Enactment of septage Require all hotels,

discharges from bodies management ordinance. malls, hospitals, and
agricultural, similar commercial
residential, establishments to put
commercial and up their own sewerage
Decrease productivity of Strict enforcement of PD
industrial treatment (as a
marine and aquatic 1096 and other related
establishments. requirement in building
resources laws that require all hotels,
permit issuance).
malls, hospitals, and
similar commercial and
industrial establishments to
Potential risk to health
put up their own sewerage Provision of septage
treatment as a management facility
requirement in building (interim) to cater
permit issuance individual residential
houses and commercial
establishments.
Require plantations and

individual farms to
implement best Provision of city
management practices sewerage treatment
system

Strict regulation on
pesticide use
Promotion of organic
farming
Absence of Bacterial contamination and Strict enforcement of Relocation of informal

sanitary facilities pollution of water bodies sanitation code (thru settlers
(open defecation) barangay enforcement)
Disposal of animal Bacterial contamination and Strict enforcement of Owners to provide

wastes in water pollution of water bodies sanitation code (thru septic tanks for animal
bodies barangay enforcement) wastes
Unregulated Depletion of ground water, Creation of city Strict regulation in putting Require owners of deep Monitoring of deep
extraction of salt water contamination water resources up of deep wells ( NWRB wells to plug abandoned wells
ground water (salinity intrusion), and board to look into permit) wells in order to prevent
ground subsidence deep wells further contamination of
neighboring deep wells.
Unregulated Siltation and contamination Strict enforcement of

mining and of rivers mining laws by LGU and
quarrying activities MGB
in rivers of
Deputize barangay officials

Cagayan de Oro to enforce mining laws.
Indiscriminate Contamination of Establishment of Strict enforcement of Improve collection

disposal of solid groundwater and health risk MRF for every Ecological Solid Waste of garbage
waste and barangay or Management Ordinance
hazardous waste cluster of
barangays to
Enforce waste
include hazardous
segregation at
wastes (busted
source (no
lamps, used IEC on SWM segregation, no
cellphone
collection policy)
batteries, etc) .
Create Solid-Waste
Management Board
Open burning of Increased carbon emission Passage of an ordinance in Enforce open

garbage accordance with RA 9003 burning
and enforcement of
ordinance at the barangay
Increased potential risk to
level.
health Intensify the
conduct of IEC on
effects of open
burning

Proliferation of Increased carbon emission Intensify anti smoke Strengthen motor

smoke belching belching drive to be vehicle inspection
vehicles undertaken by LGU (by system (MVIS)
entering into a MOA with thru LTO to check
Increased potential risk to
LTO). vehicle condition
health
prior to
registration.
Operationalize multi-
sectoral CdeO Airshed
Management (RA 8749- Collaboration of
Clean Air Act) LTO and LGU in
monitoring smoke
belchers
Conduct Carbon Reduction

Initiative
Lack of area for Congested and flood prone Multi-storey or Establish public
public burial sites burial site multi-level crematorium and
entombment columbarium
High cost of private burial

sites Identify additional burial
sites not prone to
flooding
Poor sanitation

Lack of parks and Low performance on basic Improvement of Development of Identify area for
playgrounds, education indicators existing facilities additional facilities the construction of
sports, camping sports dome and
grounds and other its facilities
recreational
High incidence of life-style
facilities
diseases
Inadequate area Congestion results to Identify

for the construction sickness/illness of inmates appropriate areas
of protective and for protective and
social welfare social welfare
services buildings services
Low efficiency rate in
and facilities
providing police services
Delayed response to
emergency call
Deprivation of senior
citizen’s need for
socialization and active
community involvement
Lack of technical skills

Absence of Health Inadequate/poor health Establish health center

Center in some services rendered within the area of city
poblacion health office
Poor health ambitions and Establish health center
barangays and
vulnerability to diseases in all relocation sites
relocation area
Inaccessible health
services
Absence of Youth Deprivation of out of school Identify areas for youth

Center youth to acquire knowledge centers in four (4)
and opportunities for self strategic areas; lumbia,
advancement carmen, nazareth,
lapasan.

3.6 Integrated Land Use and Environment Priority Programs and

Projects
3.6.1 Land Use Sector
 Delineation of 20-m legal easement along riverbanks

 Increase bulk density regulation
 Increase open space requirements in complex subdivisions
 Establishment of green belt areas
 Delineation of "No Build Zone" areas
 Intensification of the city's land banking program
 Initiate updating of the Land Classification Map of the city
3.6.2 Environment Sector
City Forest Resources and Flood Control Facilities Development

Program
 Hinterland Barangays Reforestation Project (including the

implementation of the Forest Land Use Plan)
 Industrial Tree Plantation Project
 Forest Communities Livelihood Support Project (livestock
production, handicrafts, gardening, seedling, and indigenous
industries development)
 Agro-Forestry Development Projects (nursery establishment,
rattan and bamboo plantation, tree orchards, and botanical park
development)
 Implementation / Integration of CDORBMC Programs and
Projects into the city CLUP PPAs
 City Flood Dissipators / retention/ abatement Projects
City Coastal and Marine Resources Development Program
 CDO Riverine Barangays Wildlife Sanctuary and Mangrove

Reforestation Project (including all no-build-zones within
JICA/WB /CDO Project delineation)
 Coastal Mangrove Reforestation Project
 Establishment of Aquatic Conservation Nursery Centers
 Enactment of City Ordinance converting all no- build zone areas
along rivers, and creeks into Barangay Ecotourism and
Protected Wildlife Sanctuary Areas
 Enactment of Ordinance addressing conversion of abandoned
fishpond areas to mangrove areas

Environmental Governance Capability Building Program
 Enactment of ordinance providing Off-campus Environmental

Management Training Courses for all City and Barangay
Officials1
 Formal off-campus Capability-Building for all City, and Barangay
Officials for Environmental Management Courses (Voluntary
Basis)
 IEC on urban greening along the riverbanks and coastline areas,
green belt areas, tree parks and green strip in subdivisions and
all open public places.
Planning Research and Development Program
 Establish Database for Shoreline Tracing / Coastal trending

 Establish Ecological Baseline Data, and conduct river
assessment particularly on water quality, volume of river
discharges, tidal variation data, and extent of water pollution
after flooding.
Urban Fresh Water Resources Management Program
 Installation of rainwater harvesting facility and water impounding

system
 Metering of Ground Water Project
City Liquid Waste Management Program
 Enactment of Septage Management Ordinance (for both urban

and rural barangays)
 Establishment of Septage Treatment and Disposal Facility for
city barangays
 Enactment of Integrated Urban Drainage and Combined
Septage-Sewerage Master Plan
 Enactment of Ordinance for Waste Water/Septage Treatment
and Disposal facilities among subdivisions (1% of project area
taken from the 5% of the open space)
 Enactment of City Ordinance establishing the City Sewerage
System
 Sewerage Treatment and Disposal System Project
 Liquid Waste Monitoring and Disposal Capability- Building /
Training Project

City Solid Waste Management Program
 IEC on Solid Waste Management (SWM)

 Strengthening of City Solid Waste Management Board
 Establishment of Sanitary Landfill
 Transfer Station /MRF Project
City Air Quality Management Program
 Enactment of local ordinances implementing Clean Air Act in the

city Enactment of local ordinances implementing Clean Air Act in
the city
 Air Quality Monitoring Capability- Building /Training Project
 Air Quality Monitoring and Testing Facility Project

Annexes
Annexes Page 130

Annex A
Goal Achievement Matrix

(FINAL RANKING)
Annexes Page 131

VISION/GOALS ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

1 Commercial
3
and Light- 2 Agri-
WEIGHT Commercial
ELEMENTS DESCRIPTOR Medium Commercial
(100%) with Tourism
Industrial Development
Development
Development
People (as individual
and as society) 25 0.75 0.75 0.75
Empowered
Multi-cultural
Diverse
Resilient
Inclusive
Progressive
Local Economy 15 0.45 0.3 0.45
Highly competitive
Progressive
Inclusive
Diverse
Resilient
Natural Environment 15 0.3 0.3 0.3
Sustainable
Diverse
Multi-cultural Heritage
Annexes Page 132

Resilient
Built Environment 15 0.3 0.3 0.45
Sustainable
Diverse
Resilient
Progressive
Local Governance 30 0.9 0.9 0.6
Good
Resilient
Progressive
TOTAL 100 2.7 2.55 2.55
1
RANK CHOSEN tie tie
STRATEGY
Annexes Page 133

Annex B
Assessing Single Actions for DRR –

Land Use and Environment Sector
Annexes Page 134

Policy Adjustments
Efficiency of Action
Resource Needed
Changes Needed
exposure/risk to
Urgency of DRR
Consequence of
exposure/risk to
Mngt of Actions
Implementation
Development
Total Score
Potential to
life to
No Action
Land Use
Preferred
Impact to
Negative
property
reduced
reduced
Needed
Needed
Ease of
Potential
Action
Action
-1.1 -1.2 -1.3 -2.1 -2.2 -2.3 -3.1 -3.2 -3.3 -3.4 -3.5
1. Enactment of city
ordinance to implement
the no build zone policy
in geohazard areas and
heritage areas
5 5 5 5 3 1 1 5 5 5 5 45
Implementation of Early
Warning system at the
Brgy level
5 3 5 5 3 1 5 2 2 3 5 39
Delineate no build
zones
5 5 5 5 3 1 1 5 5 5 5 45
Enactment of city
ordinance to implement
20-meter legal
easement
3 3 3 3 5 3 1 5 5 5 5 41
Annexes Page 135

Removal/relocation of
informal settlers.
5 5 5 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 33
Demolition of illegal
structure after due
process
3 3 3 3 5 3 1 5 5 5 5 41
Identification, survey
and evaluation of
existing old structure
and heritage site both
natural and built with
historical accounts
1 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 20
Implementation of
heritage act pursuant to
RA 1601
1 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 20
Integration to the
strategy of the Tourism
program of the city
1 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 20
Preservation and
enhancement of
approved cultural
heritage sites and
structures
1 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 3 20
Annexes Page 136

Review of existing
policies/guidelines on
issuance of tenurial
instruments to
timberland areas and
submit findings and
recommendation to
harmonize the
implementation of the
IPRA law. (Adaptation-
Non structural)
1 1 1 3 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 26
Formulation of the city
Integrated Coastal
Management (ICM)
Plan pursuant to EO
533
5 5 5 5 5 1 2 4 2 4 5 43
Enactment of local
fishery code in
conformity with RA
8550
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 3 3 20
Annexes Page 137

Identification and
designation of
appropriate Use Zone (
ex. Recreational,
mariculture areas,
marine protected areas,
marine parks, marine
reserves, navigational
lanes, fishing grounds,
eco-tourism destination
sites, docking areas)
and formulate coastal
use management plan
to be integrated in the
CLUP
3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 27
Implementation of
coastal use
management plan
5 5 5 5 5 1 2 4 2 4 5 43
Conduct massive
assessment and
inventory of
abandoned fishpond
and enact ordinance on
conversion of the same
to mangrove area
2 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 4 5 34
Annexes Page 138

Reversion of
abandoned fishpond
areas to mangrove
rehabilitation areas
4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 5 5 5 44
Preparation and
adoption of watershed
management plan
5 5 5 5 5 4 2 4 4 5 5 49
Restore water quality
based on its most
beneficial
use/designated
classification
5 1 1 5 5 1 2 4 4 5 5 38
Formulation of CdeO
and Iponan River
Rehabilitation Plan
5 5 5 5 5 1 4 4 4 3 5 46
Reforestation/protection Severe Affe
in watershed areas to flooding cts
improve vegetative downstream built-
cover up
areas
5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 3 4 5 48
Establishment of
protected areas
5 5 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 5 45
Annexes Page 139

Adoption of NIPAS law

in critical watershed
areas
5 5 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 5 45
Strict implementation of
mining law
5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 2 4 5 47
Creation of Bantay
Kalikasan task force at
Brgy level
5 5 5 5 5 1 5 2 2 3 5 43
Establishment of
greenbelt areas
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 51
Reforestation and
rehabilitation of
denuded forest areas
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 51
Provisions of livelihood
project in the upland
barangays
3 3 3 4 5 1 3 4 2 3 5 36
Enactment of septage
management
ordinance.
4 3 4 5 3 2 2 1 1 4 5 34
Annexes Page 140

Provision of area for Potential

septage management to health
facility hazard
2 2 4 4 5 1 3 2 2 4 5 34
Strict enforcement of
PD 1096 and other
related laws that
require all hotels,
malls, hospitals, and
similar commercial and
industrial
establishments to put
up their own sewerage
treatment as a
requirement in building
permit issuance
4 3 4 5 5 1 5 1 1 1 5 35
Require plantations and
individual farms to
implement best
management practices
3 1 3 3 3 1 4 2 2 2 4 28
Strict regulation on
pesticide use
4 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 4 34
Annexes Page 141

Promotion of organic
farming
4 1 4 3 4 1 4 3 3 3 4 34
sanitation code (thru
barangay enforcement)
5 1 5 5 4 1 4 3 3 3 5 39
Creation of City Water

Resources Board to
look into surface and
ground water extraction
4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 3 5 39
Strict implementation
on rules and
regulations on surface
and ground water
extraction
4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 3 5 38
mining laws by LGU
and MGB
5 5 5 5 5 4 2 4 3 3 5 46
Deputize barangay
officials to enforce
mining laws.
5 5 5 5 5 4 2 4 3 3 5 46
Annexes Page 142

Establishment of MRF
for every barangay or
cluster of barangays to
include hazardous
wastes (busted lamps,
used cellphone
batteries, etc.).
4 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 37
IEC on SWM
4 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 37
Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act/City
Segregation Ordinance
4 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 37
Improve collection of
garbage
4 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 37
Enforce waste
segregation at source
(no segregation, no
collection policy)
4 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 37
Annexes Page 143

Create solid waste

management board
4 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 37
Passage of an
ordinance in
accordance with RA
9003 and enforcement
of ordinance at the
barangay level.
4 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 37
Ban open burning
3 2 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 4 32
Intensify the conduct of
IEC on effects of open
burning
3 2 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 4 32
Intensify anti smoke
belching drive to be
undertaken by LGU (by
entering into a MOA
with LTO).
3 2 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 4 32
Annexes Page 144

Operationalize
multisectoral CDO
airshed management
(RA 8749- clean air act)
3 2 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 4 32
Conduct Carbon
Reduction Initiative
3 2 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 4 32
Strengthen motor
vehicle inspection
system (MVIS) thru
LTO to check vehicle
condition prior to
registration.
3 2 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 4 32
Collaboration of LTO
and LGU in monitoring
smoke belchers
3 2 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 4 32
Adopt multi-storey or
multi-level entombment
3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 33
Annexes Page 145

Establish public
crematorium and
columbarium
3 2 3 3 3 3 2 5 3 3 3 33
Identify additional burial
sites not prone to
flooding
3 2 3 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 37
Improvement of existing
facilities (parks and
playgrounds)
2 2 2 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 34
Development of
additional facilities
(parks and
playgrounds)
2 2 2 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 34
Identify area for the
construction of sports
dome and its facilities
2 2 2 4 4 3 2 5 4 4 4 36
Identify appropriate
areas for the
construction of
protective and social
welfare services
facilities
2 2 2 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 37
Annexes Page 146

Identify areas for youth

centers in four (4)
strategic areas;
Lumbia, Carmen,
Nazareth, Lapasan.
2 2 2 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 37
Annexes Page 147

Annex C
Disaster Risk Assessment Report
Annexes Page 148

Historical Occurrence of Hazards, Cagayan de Oro City, 1916-2012

Estimated
Cost of
Estimated No. of
Hazard Date Damage to
Casualties/Injured/Missing
Properties
(PhP’000)
Typhoon/Flooding December 0 casualties and 0 missing Agriculture –
4, 2012 Few roads were blocked by Php 12 Million
(Pablo) fallen trees/branches and ( 801
power posts hectares);
Uguiaban bridge (link from Infrastructure-
Cdeo to Talakag, Bukidnon) Php 6.5 Million
collapsed (Schools,
health centers
and brgys halls
and
powerlines)
Typhoon/Flooding December 333 deaths, 225 4,908,000.0*
16-17, injured;409 missing
2011
January 13,918 seriously affected 350,000.0
11, 2009 persons
4,526 families affected
131 totally damaged
houses
1,291 partially damaged
houses
1986 No available data No available
data
Sept. 22, No available data No available
1993 data
May 16, No available data No available
2003 data
June 30, No available data No available
1991 data
data
data
December No available data No available
1916 data
RIL No No available data No available
available data
data
Drought 1977– No available data total loss of
1978 (severely hit were Central rice and corn
1982-1983 Luzon, Southern Tagalog, production;
Annexes Page 149

Northern Visayas and

drought
1992-1993 Western Mindanao) damage to rice
1997-1998 No available data and corn cost
more than
P700 million;
450,000
hectares of
land were
affected
Source: MGB and CPDO-CDO, DSWD-10, PhilVolcs, CdeO DRRMO, PJD 2009
Annexes Page 150

Annex D
Vulnerability and Adaptation

Assessment Report
Annexes Page 151

A. Historical Trends and Observed Changes
Temperature
From 1981 to 2010, the City has an annual mean temperature of 26.8 °C
while the average relative humidity is 81%. Figure 4 shows the average
temperature for each month in CDO. The hottest months are April, May, and
June while the coldest months are December, January, and February. The
data was obtained from the PAGASA station in Lumbia Airport.
Monthly Average Temperature (1981-2010)

Cagayan de Oro City
28.5
28.0 28.0
27.5 27.5 27.4 27.3
27.0 27.0 27.1
26.9
26.5 26.5 26.5
26.0 26.0
25.8
25.5 25.6
25.0
24.5
24.0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Source: PAGASA
Rainfall
The figure below shows the average monthly rainfall and the average number
of rainy days in Cagayan de Oro City from 1981-2010.
Annexes Page 152

Average Monthly Rainfall & No. of Rainy days

Cagayan De Oro City (1981-2010)
20 300.0
RR
18 RD
250.0
16
Rainfall (mm)
14
200.0
12
10 150.0
8
100.0
6
4
50.0
2
0 0.0
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Month
Source: PAGASA
PAGASA data shows that total annual average rainfall in Cagayan De Oro
from 1981-2010 is 1,703.3 mm. Further, PAGASA reveals that from June to
November which is rainy season, the average rainfall per month is 184.43
mm. From December to May which is dry season, the average rainfall per
month is 95.66 mm.
CDO usually experiences rainfall that would last for about two hours followed
by moderate to rains. MGB’s rainfall record in the upstream section of
Cagayan River is 140 mm annually while average annual precipitation
computed from monthly average for a ten-year period (2001-2011) is 1,540.98
mm of which 72 % falls during June to November and the remainder during
the dry period December to May.
Extreme Events
Every year the country experiences an average of 20 typhoons and most of

which pass through Visayas and Luzon. Situated close to what could be the
southernmost rim of the Philippine typhoon belt, the city received 11 typhoon
hits over a 20-year period. More than typhoon hits, it is floodwater from
extreme rainfall flowing down the rivers and running off the slopes, from the
uplands of Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon that Cagayan De Oro will have to
learn how to cope with. The floods of 2009 and 2011 have already provided a
tragic illustration of what can happen. While Cagayan de Oro is free from the
direct effects of tropical cyclone, its weather, particularly manifestation of
rainfall may be affected by tropical cyclones passing close to the northeastern
tip of Mindanao.
Annexes Page 153

Total Annual Number of Typhoons in Cagayan de Oro City

Tropical Period Duration
Year Cyclone Begin Date End Date (days)
1949 TY 4917 10/30/1949 11/3/1949 4
1949 TY 4918 11/4/1949 11/8/1949 5
1949 TS RENA 11/10/1949 11/13/1949 4
1949 TY BETTY 12/3/1949 12/7/1949 5
1950 TY DELILAH 11/19/1950 11/22/1950 4
1952 TS TS5227 12/27/1952 12/29/1952 3
1954 TS TS5401 3/1/1954 3/5/1954 5
1954 TY ELSIE 5/4/1954 5/9/1954 6
1954 TS TS5418 12/23/1954 12/27/1954 5
1954 TS TS5418 12/23/1954 12/27/1954 5
1955 TS VIOLET 1/2/1955 1/6/1955 5
1958 TD TD5815 11/19/1958 2/14/7261 6
1960 TY KAREN 4/19/1960 4/26/1960 8
1962 TY LUCY 11/25/1962 11/28/1962 4
1963 TS SISANG 12/9/1963 12/14/1963 6
1964 TY INING 11/16/1964 11/21/1964 6
1965 TD ATRING 1/16/1965 1/16/1965 1
1967 TY YAYANG 11/6/1967 11/8/1967 3
1968 TY REMING 11/13/1968 11/21/1968 9
1970 TD ANING 11/24/1970 11/24/1970 1
1970 TY TITANG 10/18/1970 10/22/1970 5
1971 TD ISING 5/28/1971 5/30/1971 3
1971 TY GOYING 10/19/1971 10/22/1971 4
1972 TY UNDANG 12/2/1972 12/8/1972 7
1975 TY AURING 1/22/1975 1/25/1975 4
1976 TD KAYANG 12/29/1976 12/30/1976 2
1979 TS KARING 5/10/1979 5/16/1979 7
1980 TD ASIANG 2/12/1980 2/13/1980 2
1982 TS AKANG 3/18/1982 3/22/1982 5
1984 TY NITANG 8/31/1984 9/4/1984 5
1986 TY ANING 12/20/1986 12/24/1986 5
1991 TS BEBENG 4/23/1991 4/26/1991 4
1993 TD BINING 4/12/1993 4/13/1993 2
1993 TY PURING 12/24/1993 12/29/1993 6
1996 TD TOYANG 11/4/1996 11/13/1996 10
2002 TD CALOY 3/20/2002 3/23/2002 4
2003 TD ZIGZAG 12/24/2003 12/27/2003 4
2004 TD PABLO 9/15/2004 9/17/2004 3
2007 TY LANDO 11/19/2007 11/28/2007 10
2008 TS AMBO 4/14/2008 4/15/2008 2
2008 TD ROLLY 11/8/2008 11/9/2008 2
2008 TD TONYO 11/13/2008 11/16/2008 4
2011 TS SENDONG 12/16/2011 12/17/2011 2
2012 TY PABLO 12/4/2012 12/4/2012 1
Source: WWF-BPI Business Risk Assessment
Annexes Page 154

Projected Climate Change in Cagayan de Oro City
PAGASA-DOST projected the climate changes using a mid-range emission

scenario (A1B) developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC). The A1 scenarios considered rapid economic growth, global
population that rose to 9 billion then gradually declines quick spread of new
and efficient technologies, and extensive social and cultural interactions
worldwide. The A1B has a balanced emphasis on all energy sources both
fossil and non-fossil fuels. Based on projections, CDO will be affected by 3
climate change drivers: increasing temperature, changes in rainfall in various
seasons, and increasing occurrences of extreme events in 2020 and 2050.
B.1 Projected Change in the Means
Increase in Temperature
Climate projections of PAGASA reveal that the City will experience an

increase in the average temperature between 1.0 to 1.2°C by 2020 and 1.9°C
to 2.4 °C in 2050. This is approximately 27.5°C and 28.55°C in 2020 and
2050, respectively. Days are becoming hotter as observed by many
throughout the city. Projections on seasonal temperature change are
presented in the table below.
Seasonal temperature change (°C) in 2020 and 2050 under medium

range emission scenario for Cagayan de Oro City
OBSERVED PROJECTED PROJECTED MEAN
(°C) CHANGE (°C) TEMPERATURE(°C)
SEASON
(1971- (2006- (2036- (2006- (2036-
2000) 2035) 2065) 2035) 2065)
Dec-Jan-Feb (DJF) 25.4 1.0 1.9 26.4 27.3
Mar-Apr-May (MAM) 26.8 1.2 2.3 28.0 29.1
Jun-Jul-Aug (JJA) 26.9 1.2 2.4 28.1 29.3
Sep-Oct-Nov (SON) 26.5 1.0 2.0 27.5 28.5
Source: PAGASA
Meanwhile, the figure below shows an increasing trend in the City’s monthly
average temperature per projections of PAGASA. This data is depicting a
hotter and warmer summer season which may have negative implications
primarily in the planting and harvesting activities of farming communities.
Annexes Page 155

Projected
ProjectedChange
Change in in Monthly
Monthly Average
Average Temperature
Mean Temperature (°C)
under Medium-range Emission
Cagayan de Oro City Scenario (A1B)
Cagayan de Oro
32
31
Degree Centigrade (°C)
30
29
28 OBS
2020
27
2050
26
25
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Source: PAGASA
Changes in Seasonal Rainfall
Projections on seasonal rainfall change in the City using the mid-range

scenario are presented in the table below. Generally, there is a reduction in
rainfall volume in the City during summer (MAM) season while a rainfall
increase is likely during northeast monsoon (DJF) and (SON) season.
Seasonal rainfall change (in %) in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range

emission scenario for Cagayan de Oro City
OBSERVED PROJECTED PROJECTED RR
(mm) CHANGE (%) AMOUNT(mm)
SEASON
(1971- (2006- (2036- (2006- (2036-
2000) 2035) 2065) 2035) 2065)
Dec-Jan-Feb (DJF) 442.5 4.6 1.8 422.145 450.5
Mar-Apr-May (MAM) 296 -10.4 -17.8 265.216 243.3
Jun-Jul-Aug (JJA) 615.7 -3.7 -5.2 592.9191 583.7
Sep-Oct-Nov (SON) 581.1 2.9 -0.1 597.9519 580.5
Source: PAGASA
Despite the 3.7% projected decrease in rainfall for (JJA) season, its normal
rainfall amount has been considerably high (615.7 mm). The projections for
average monthly rainfall volume are highest during the months of June to
October as shown in the figure below. These can be associated with the
southwest monsoon, locally known as “Habagat”, which is characterized by
strong southwest breeze that is responsible for bringing significant rainfall in
the Philippines. It is a predominant weather pattern from late May through
early October.
Annexes Page 156

Projected Change in Monthly Average Rainfall for 2020 and 2050

Projected Change in Monthly Average Rainfall (mm)
Cagayan
under de Emission
Medium-range Oro City
Cagayan de Oro
Scenario (A1B)
250.0
200.0
Rainfall Amount (mm)
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
OBSERVED BASELINE (1971-2000) 2020 (2006-2035) 2050 (2036-2065)
Source: PAGASA
The decreasing trend in rainfall is not only projected for Cagayan de Oro City
but the whole of Mindanao.
Increase in Frequency of Extreme Events
Aside from the observed rainfall changes, the increasing trend in the
frequency of occurrence of extreme events, including the episodes of El Nino
and La Nina phenomenon, poses threat in the City. PAGASA projections
revealed that the number of days with maximum temperature greater than 35
°C will increase to 4539 days and 6180 days in 2020 and 2050, respectively.
Further, the current observation of dry days for the same time period has
reached 8521 while the projected figure is 6413 days in 2020 and is expected
to increase to 7060 days in 2050. Further, the projected number of days that
will pour a rainfall amounting to more than 150 mm will be 13 days in 2020
and 9 days in 2050. Projections on change in temperature and total frequency
of extreme events are presented in the table below.
Frequency of extreme events in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range

emission scenario in provinces in Region 10
No. of Days w/
No. of Days w/
No. of Dry Days Rainfall
Tmax>35 °C
>150mm
Stations
OBS
(1971- 205 OB 202 205 OB 202 205
2000) 2020 0 S 0 0 S 0 0
Cagayan 618 825 641 706
383 4539 10 13 9
De Oro 0 1 3 0
Source: PAGASA
Annexes Page 157

Changes in Means and Extreme Increase/ Decrease (2020

Events projections)
Average Temperature +1.0 DJF

+1.2 MAM
+1.2 JJA
+1.0 SON
Average Rainfall + 4.6% DJF

- 10.4% MAM
- 3.7% JJA
+2.9% SON
No. of days with rainfall > 150 mm Increase from 10 to 13 days
No. of dry days Decrease from 8521 to 6413
No. of days w/ Tmax>35 °C Increase from 383 to 4539
Source: PAGASA
Annexes Page 158

Annex E
Workshop Pictures
Annexes Page 159

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Annexes Page 165

Annexes Page 166

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Cagayan de Oro City 2013-2022 Comprehensive Land Use Plan CLUP Volume 1

 The National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) – Region 10 for

 The representatives of the different sectors who actively participated in the

Engr. ISIDRO G. BORJA

“A city managed through good governance, empowering its citizenry to thrive in a

II. Brief Situationer

2011 amounted to PhP1.72 Billion. The biggest source of income is the

III Urban Development Challenges of Cagayan de Oro City

Urban development issues faced by the city

Key Areas Priority Issues

resettlement of households in danger areas, commercial use (mix-

 City Economic Enterprises not meeting Operations & Maintenance

 encroachment of vendors to sidewalks/pedestrian

 Low capacity of LGU on urban energy standards (guidelines,

 Demand for urban renewal (small sidewalks/blighted areas)/land re-

 Gateway to Northern Mindanao

IV Major Development Goals & Objectives

 The upliftment of socio-economic condition by empowering the

 Strong and responsive governance

 Sustainable development for the protection and utilization of natural

 Investment Enabling City

V Preferred Development Thrust

Major Spatial Development Strategies

1. Entice development through the provision of basic and excellent facilities

2. Conservation and protection of natural sites and heritage i.e. gorges

3. Incorporate provisions of pedestrian (walkways, bicycle lane) on proposed

6. Establish new sanitary landfill in Pagatpat/other suitable alternative site

7. Enforce the setback requirements along public roads for yield

8. Intensify greening and fruit tree growing in sloping areas of Barangays

10. Mangrove reforestation - Bayabas, Bonbon, Agusan, Tablon, Cugman,

12. Provision of housing for settlers in blighted areas

Development of Urban Centers

Urban Expansion Area # 1 - Western Urban Development

Urban Expansion Area #2 - West-Uptown Urban Development

Lumbia Airport shall be converted into an industrial area/economic zone now

Urban Expansion #3 - East-Uptown Urban Development Area

Urban Expansion #4 - Eastern Urban Development

Urban Expansion Area #5 - Downtown Development Area

VI The Land Use Plan

A. General Land and Water Uses

Proposed General Land Use

DESCRIPTION AREA (has) % to total

AGRICULTURAL 14,760 26%

Urban Land Uses

Proposed Urban Land Use

DESCRIPTION AREA (has) % to total

VII Proposed Major Programs and Projects

A. Development of Urban Growth Areas

1. Western Urban Development Plan

2. West-Uptown Urban Development Plan

3. East-Uptown Urban Development Plan

4. Eastern Urban Development Plan

 JR Borja Extension shall be connected to Agusan,

5. Downtown Urban Development Plan

 Expanded Downtown Master Plan

B. Natural sites and Heritage Development

D. Transport Master Plan

E. Drainage System Master Plan

H. Solid Waste Management Plan

CDC RESOLUTION approving the CLUP i