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Assignment Late-Selection Model

The document discusses the late selection model of attention proposed by Deutsch and Deutsch in 1963. According to this model, all stimuli are fully processed with semantic analysis before a filter selects the most important stimuli for working memory. Late selection theory argues that attentional filtering occurs later in processing, after physical and semantic analysis of stimuli. Stimuli are then selected for working memory based on importance and relevance as determined by long-term memory associations. The model was later revised by Norman to include stimulus strength as another factor in selection. Evidence from studies on unconscious processing of unattended messages supports the late selection view.

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725 views8 pages

Assignment Late-Selection Model

The document discusses the late selection model of attention proposed by Deutsch and Deutsch in 1963. According to this model, all stimuli are fully processed with semantic analysis before a filter selects the most important stimuli for working memory. Late selection theory argues that attentional filtering occurs later in processing, after physical and semantic analysis of stimuli. Stimuli are then selected for working memory based on importance and relevance as determined by long-term memory associations. The model was later revised by Norman to include stimulus strength as another factor in selection. Evidence from studies on unconscious processing of unattended messages supports the late selection view.

Uploaded by

Malik Mustafa
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© © All Rights Reserved
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NAME: Zunaira

ROLL NO : 1319

LATE SELECTION MODEL

In 1963, Deutsch and Deutsch proposed a late selection of how attention


operates. They proposed all stimuli get processed in full with the crucial
difference being a filter placed later in the information processing routine, just
before the entrance into working memory. The late selection process
supposedly operated on sematic characteristics of message, barring Inputs from
memory and subsequent awareness if they did not possess desired content .
According to this model, the depreciated awareness of unattended stimuli came
from denial into working memory and the controlled generation of responses to
it.
Late selection theory locates the attentional filter later in the processing.
Information from the sensory store is filtered on the basis of physical
characteristics and then recognized. However, before being passed into short-
term memory, it goes through a secondary selection mechanism. This mechanism
selects information on the basis of semantic characteristics or message contents.
All material is processed up to this point and information judged to be most
important is elaborated more fully. This elaborated material is most likely to be
retained. Unelaborated material is forgotten. Unattended information is noticed
only if its importance exceeds the importance of the attended information.
A message's importance depends on many factors, including its context and the
personal relevance of certain kinds of content (our name). The level of alertness is
also of great significance. At low levels of alertness (during sleep) only highly
important messages (such as baby’s cry) capture our attention. At high levels of
alertness, less important messages (sound of construction) can be processed.
Generally, the attentional system functions to determine which of the incoming
messages is the most important, this message is the one to which we will
respond.
In late selection theory, no feature based filtering takes place. Instead, incoming
stimuli are cross-referenced with the semantic contents of long term memory.
Based on this assessment of importance the stimuli are selected for response .
Deutsch and Deutsch model revised

The Deutsch and Deutsch model was later revised by Norman in 1968,who
added that the strength of an input was also an important factor for its
selection. Deutsch and Norman’s theory holds that all messages are routinely
processed for atleast some aspects of meaning. Attentional selection occurs
after this routine processing. Hence, this theory is termed as Late Selection
Theory. According to this late-selection view, attention is not needed to
perceptually process and identify items, but it is needed to create a more durable
representation of the information. That is, information which is not explicitly
attended will be seen or heard, but this information will decay rapidly in the
absence of attention, and will not usually reach the level of conscious perception.

The Deutsch and Deutsch model is called Late-selection model because they
claim that all information ( attended and unattended) is analyzsed for the
meaning in order to select an input for full awareness. Whether or not
information is selected d is dependent on how relevant it is at same time.
Support to the Deutsch and Deutsch model

 The same evidence supporting Trisman’s theory supports this model.


However, Deutsch and Deutsch model explains process of focused
attention more simply.

 More support come from Moray(1969) who paired electric shocks with a
word to condition a Galvanic skin response(GSR) when the word was
spoken. A GSR was produced even when the word was presented to
unattended ear and the participants were unaware of it.

 Further evidence for Late-selection model is that unattended messages
can influence participant’s understanding meaning of ambiguous
sentence (Mackey,1973):

I
It seems unlikely that all information should be processed semantically before
we are made aware of it. This suggsuggestion is backed up by evidence that we
are better at key words in attended messages than unattended messages –
According to Deutsch and Deutsch we should be equally as good at each.
 Information from all channels is perceptually processed.
 Selection occurs late, after perceptual processing has interpreted the
stimulus.
Bottle-necked
 Processing Bottle-neck occurs when items has to placed in short-term
memory.
Criticism
 The criticism on both Deutsch and Deutsch as well as Deutsch and Norman
model is that all stimuli including those are irrelevant are processed fully.
 When contrast against Treisman’s attenuation model, the Late-selection
approach appears wasteful with its thorough processing of all information
before selection of admittance into working memory.



Attention is viewed as the process of selecting some of the many available inputs. There are
certain theories proposed by different psychologists on how this selection takes place. In this
session we are going to learn about Deutsch and Norman’s theory.

Deutsch and Norman claimed in their theory that all stimuli are analysed fully, with the most
important or relevant stimulus determining the response. In other words, they suggested
that selection does not occur on the basis of an early-selection filter, but after stimuli have
already been identified.

Late selection theory locates the attentional filter later in the processing. Information from
the sensory store is filtered on the basis of physical characteristics and then recognized.
However, before being passed into short-term memory, it goes through a secondary
selection mechanism. This mechanism selects information on the basis of semantic
characteristics or message contents. All material is processed upto this point and information
judged to be most important is elaborated more fully. This elaborated material is most likely
to be retained. Unelaborated material is forgotten. Unattended information is noticed only if
its importance exceeds the importance of the attended information.

A message's importance depends on many factors, including its context and the personal
relevance of certain kinds of content (our name). The level of alertness is also of great
significance. At low levels of alertness (during sleep) only highly important messages (such as
baby’s cry) capture our attention. At high levels of alertness, less important messages (sound
of construction) can be processed. Generally, the attentional system functions to determine
which of the incoming messages is the most important, this message is the one to which we
will respond.

In late selection theory, no feature based filtering takes place. Instead,


incoming stimuli are cross-referenced with the semantic contents of long
term memory. Based on this assessment of importance the stimuli are
selected for response.
Deutsch and Norman’s theory holds that all messages are routinely
processed for atleast some aspects of meaning. Attentional selection occurs
after this routine processing. Hence, this theory is termed as Late Selection
Theory. According to this late-selection view, attention is not needed to
perceptually process and identify items, but it is needed to create a more
durable representation of the information. That is, information which is not
explicitly attended will be seen or heard, but this information will decay
rapidly in the absence of attention, and will not usually reach the level of
conscious perception.

 late selection or response selection model proposed by Deutsch and Deutsch (1963) suggests
that all information in the unattended ear is processed on the basis of meaning, not just
the selected or highly pertinent information

 According to late-selection theory, within sensory limits, all stimuli—both attended and
unattended—are processed to the same deep level of analysis until stimulus identification occurs;
subsequently, only the most important stimuli are selected for further processing. 

Refrences

Refrence :
https://www.specialeducationnotes.co.in/Deutsch%20&%20Deutsch.htm

https://dictionary.apa.org/late-selection-theory

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-09993-002

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