VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELGAUM - 590014

SYNOPSIS OF THE MINI-PROJECT (18ECMP68)

ON

“FINGERPRINT DOOR LOCK”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

Submitted by
SUDARSH TANDON 1MV19EC112
RISHABH JAIN 1MV19EC090
PRASHANT KUMAR 1MV19EC081
NANNAT GUPTA 1MV19EC070

Under the guidance of

Dr. SASMITA MOHAPATRA
Designation
Department of Electronics and Communication

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

SIR M. VISVESVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Krishnadevarayanagar, Hunasamaranahalli, Bangalore -562157
May 2022

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 CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY………………4

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT …………………….………..7

3. LITERATURE SURVEY …………………………….…9

4. OBJECTIVES ……………………………………..........10

5. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
5.1 MATERIALS ………………………………..….11
5.2 PROJECT PROCESS FLOW…………………...11
5.3 ELECTRONIC DESIGN………………………..12
5.4 SOFTWARE………………………………….…12

6. EXPECTED OUTCOME

6.1 FINGERPRINT SCANNER……….……14

7. SUMMARY …………………………………..….….....15

REFERENCES

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 ABSTRACT
Security has been playing a key role in many of our places like offices, institutions, libraries,
laboratories etc. in order to keep our data confidentially so that no other unauthorized person could have
an access on them. Nowadays, at every point of time, we need security systems for protection of
valuable data and even money. This paper presents a fingerprint -based door opening system which
provides security which can be used for institutions and various organizations. to provide perfect security
to the door access and to make the work easier, this project is taking help of two different technologies
viz. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS and BIOMETRICS. Unauthorized access is prohibited by designing a lock
that stores the fingerprints of one or more authorized users.

Human detection and recognisation field is very significant and has undergone rapid changes with
time an important and very reliable human identification method is fingerprint Identification .fingerprint
of every person is unique .So this helps in identifying a person or in improving security of a system.
finger print of a person is read by a special type of Sensor Finger print sensor can be interfaced with a
microcontroller.in this project we use a fingerprint sensor to read ones identity to automatically operate
the door lock.

The development of a door access system includes many different features from as simple as keypad
to as complex as using smart cards and biometrics. The Door Access System – Arduino Based is
developed to overcome the issue of upgrading and maintenance the system that occur in the existing
system. This report discusses on the door access system using Arduino. Arduino is a type of
microcontroller that uses its own programming language. It has its own electronic prototyping platform
to be used during experiment. This project has two features as inputs, which are keypad and fingerprint
scanner. Interfacing all inputs and outputs with Arduino produced accurate results in accessing the door
based on the accuracy results obtained by performing a test on five individuals with four different
fingerprints each person. fingerprint are clarified as inputs. This project is reliable as it could increase the
security level of door access system by implementing simple approach as Arduino.

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Of Study

1.1.1 Door Access System

Door access system is a type of control access system which control the opening and closing of the
door. It is a system that is implemented on a building to keep the people and assets in the building to be
safe from outsiders. The system is usually used during the activity of people entering and exiting the
building. The door access system helps to differentiate unauthorized and authorized people as the system
only allows the authorized person to enter the building. The door access system has two main features
which are :-

a) Fingerprint scanner

b) Arduino

1.1.2 Arduino

Arduino is an open-source physical computing platform based on a single microcontroller board.

Arduino is used when there are interactions between inputs and outputs. It is used to control the output
according to the inputs command such as controlling the light or motor by using a switch. The Arduino
programming language uses Wiring which is an integrated development environment (IDE), and a single
board microcontroller. The language can be expanded through C libraries. The advantages of using
Arduino are [1] :-

a) Inexpensive – Compared to other microcontroller boards, Arduino board is rather cheaper.

b) Cross platform – Arduino software can runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX and Linux operating
system. While most microcontroller systems can only runs on Windows only.

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 c) Simple, clear programming environment – Arduino is easy to use by beginners and advanced
users. In this project, Arduino is implemented by using the Arduino Mega 2560 as the microcontroller
board as in Figure 2. It comes with an ATMEGA2560 microcontroller whereby the program stored in
ATMEGA2560 can be edited in the future for maintenance purposes. The inputs and outputs will be
connected to the Arduino Mega 2560 I/O pins and interfacing is done by using Arduino software. Based
on Figure 3, it shows the block diagram of the system interfaced by Arduino. Atmega 2560 is the
microcontroller which controls the fingerprint scanner

Fig 1.1.2: Arduino

1.1.3 Fingerprint scanner

A fingerprint scanner is a type of biometric scanner which scans the human fingerprint. Its function
is to capture the human fingerprint as in Figure 6. There are two types of fingerprint scanner which are
optical and capacitive fingerprint scanner. The differences between these two types of fingerprint is that
the optical fingerprint and capacitive fingerprint scanner captures minutiae by light and current
respectively. In this project, the optical scanner is used because it is less accessible to electrostatic
discharge (ESD) compared to capacitive fingerprint scanner. The fingerprint scanner is frequently
implemented in control access system. The reason being is because every human have different
fingerprint minutiae which helps in identifying the true data of a person accurately. In the case of door
access system, the person who wishes to enter the building needs to scan their fingerprint to be Based on
Figure 7, in this project the Adafruit fingerprint scanner used can cater up to 162 fingerprints. The stored
fingerprints are stored in the onboard Flash Memory which has the size of 512bytes. The fingerprint
scanner process flow is shown in Figure 8

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Fig no1.1.3.1 :Fingerprint impression Fig no.1.1.3.2 :Fingerprint scanner

Fig no.1.1.3.3 : Fingerprint scanner process flow

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 CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Problem statements are the problems identified by observing the existing door access system.
Through observation, there are three problems that have been identified in order to develop this project
which are:-

1- Obsolete components The existence of new technologies comes from the creation of new
components. This fact shows that once the old devices are obsolete, there are no spare components could
replace it. Therefore new system with new components has to be created.

2- Upgrading issues Most of control access system nowadays uses PIC. It would be difficult with
PIC because every time upgrading needs to be done, the stand-alone PIC needs to be pulled out from the
circuit and burned again.

3- Complicated programming Since most of control access system nowadays uses PIC, many
engineers will face difficulties if problem occur on the device. The reason being is because PIC is not an
open-source IDE compared to Arduino. Therefore if problem occur, more time is needed for the
engineers to create new coding for the device

4- Lock and Key process: First step toward protection was Lock and Key system. Within the
beginning this procedure was proved excellent but afterward this process was once failed as a couple of
keys will also be made comfortably for a single lock. Thief may also make reproduction keys for the
equal lock. As a consequence this procedure failed for offering entire security.

5-Password Authentication: Password as an authentication procedure is the subsequent stage of

security process. The password is pre-stored within the database. This password authentication
procedure provides reliable protection to the customers. This method even have the trouble that
password is effectively guessed.

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 CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE SURVEY
Door access system has been widely used around the world. It is a type of security system that is
created to help in securing people and assets in a building from unwanted cases such as burglaries and
kidnapping. To develop a door access system, features or hardware such as keypad, smart card, RFID
card and biometric are implemented. Besides hardware, software is also included in developing the door
access system as it helps in interfacing the hardware and to have the desired system flow. Types of
software or programming language being used in this system are PIC language programming, Matlab,
Microsoft Visual C++, Arduino and many more.

In this project, keypad and fingerprint scanner are implemented in developing the Door Access
System – Arduino Based. These two features were chosen because of its user-friendly, smart and high
security system compared to other features such as face-verification, smart card, RFID card and many
more.

Fingerprint scanner is a type of biometric sensors whereby it senses the human fingerprint for
identification. Biometric consist of many types such as voice recognition, face-recognition, fingerprint-
recognition and other identification that consist of human body parts. Based on a journal written by
Wheeler et.al. (2000) on face-verification system, this system is time-consuming to build because the
users need to have more than one images to separate ID and non-ID images for identification data
storage purposes. Despite of its advantages of identifying intra and interdependencies, it is proven that
this system is inefficient because it took 6 seconds to make decision while the aim is within 2 seconds
[13].

The fact of time-consuming system has also been said in a journal written by Ibrahim et. al. (2011)
on face-recognition system. Face-recognition is difficult to build as there are a lot of factor needs to be
considered during image capturing which are illumination, distance and an individuals head orientation.
This system is also sensitive to aging and facial expression. It is also troublesome during experimental
work as many faces need to be taken at nine different angles [14]

Another access control system project by using voice-recognition system done by Rashid et. al.
(2008) is also a sensitive system as it will reject the voice input if there are background noise [15]. Cui
et. al. (2009) agrees the fact of voice-recognition system being difficult. The reason being is because it

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needs to build up a speech model whereby the users have to pronounce the text according to the stated
ones. Despite of its lacking in efficiency, this project done by Bo Cui and Tongze Xue has its advantages
compared to other projects with similar feature by using a technology to filter low frequency disturbing .

As compared to the fingerprint scanner used in this project, dring experimental work, the elements
needs to be consider are the illumination and humans sweat that may appear on an individuals finger.
Implementing the fingerprint scanner produce a less time-consuming system as it can easily sense human
fingerprint with a much higher percentage of accuracy which is 70% for the left thumbprint The reason
being is because fingerprint scanner accuracy is only influenced less factor than face-verification which
are by human’s sweat and scratch surface of the scanner. Besides that the fingerprint scanner used in this
project can make decision in less than 1 second.

The benefit of using fingerprint scanner was also said by Zhu et. al. (2011) in their journal that
fingerprint-verification overcome the issue of losing ID card where in their project is car keys. Another
advantage is that the ownership can never be passed to other people . An optical fingerprint scanner is
implemented in this project compared to other biometric features is because it has more advantages as
stated in

1 Rashid, R. Security System Provides adjustable 1-Very sensitive. It will

A., Mahalin, security level setting
Using Biometric reject the match if there
account for variations
N. H., Technology: are background noise 2-
Sarijari, M. Design and Less speed because it
A., & Abdul Implementation of uses parallel port for
Aziz, A. A. Voice Recognition communication
(2008) System (VRS)- interface.

2 Cui, B., & Design and Implements Difficult because it

Realization of an foreaggravation needs to build up a
Xue, T.
technology to filter low speech model whereby
(2009) Intelligent Access frequency disturbing the users have to
Control System pronounce the text
according to the stated
Based on Voice ones.
Recognition

3 G Zhu, Z., & Fingerprint Overcome the issue of Designed specifically

Chen, F RecognitionBased for automobiles
car robbery if the
(2011) Access owners lose his car keys
Controlling or his car keys been

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 System for stolen
Automobiles

Table 3.1 : Comparisons of existing door access system with Door Access System

CHAPTER 4

OBJECTIVES
The fingerprint door lock has a very self-explanatory name, it is a system that allows authorized
people access as a result of recognizing their fingerprints, as they are a great method of identification for
humans. Human fingerprints have a lot of details and are incredibly unique. In addition it is difficult to
try and copy another set of fingerprints, even to fake them and alter them.

Objective of the project are :-

 The objective of this research is to construct a fingerprint Access Control System.

 The objective of this research is to test the accuracy of this device.
 The objective of this research is to develop a program that will work with a biometric device.
 The objective of this research is to ensure an advanced technology in security, risk
management, reduced cost etc.

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 CHAPTER 5

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
5.1 MATERIAL USED FOR FINGERPRINT ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM

 Finger Print Module

 Micro-Controller
 Arduino Uno
 Power Supply
 Preset
 Door lock

5.2 Project Process Flow

The project process flow is illustrated as flow chart in Figure. Firstly each authorized user have a
template of their own fingerprint saved in the memory. In order to enter the building, the users need to
scan their fingers by placing their finger onto the fingerprint scanner. During storing process for
fingerprint scanner, the storing starts by enrolling the users ID. Once the users place their finger, the
fingerprint scanner will capture the fingerprint. It will then extract the minutiae and store the output in
memory. Next the process continues by finding the match. For fingerprint, it uses the stored minutiae
with the ones that was recently capture. If the users minutiae matches their own minutiae which has
already been stored before, the users may access the door as the magnetic door lock will be deactivated.
Otherwise, the users can’t enter the building .Flow chart of the project process flow is shown below :-

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 5.3 Electronic Design

System design objectives is to determine the input, process, on system design to be made, in this
stage is electronic design. Electronic design includes input, process (microcontroller), and output. The
circuit is an important part of designing a biometric (fingerprint) technology system.

The workings of the entire system to be created can be seen in the block diagram so that the entire
block diagram will produce a system that can be functioned. Electronic design is the main concept of
device making. Electronic devices used in this device are Arduino, fingerprint scanner, liquid crystal
display, magnetic door lock and relay as shown in figure below:

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 Fig no .5.3 : Hardware of fingerprint door lock

5.4 Software

5.4.1 Arduino programming.

Arduino programming Arduino is an open-source microcontroller. It can be edited and loaded to the
microcontroller by using a USB cable. Arduino is an inexpensive type of single microprocessor
prototyping platform. The software consists of standard programming language, which is similar to C/C+
+. To run the program, Arduino comes with a bootloader that runs on the board. The reason of
implementing Arduino in this project is because it has many advantages compared to other
microcontrollers such as PIC. It is comes with an ATMEGA2560 microcontroller whereby the program
stored in ATMEGA2560 can be edited in the future for maintenance purposes. Figure 35 shows the
development cycle of Arduino IDE whereby it consist of editing the coding, compile, upload and run

Flow chart of Arduino IDE Development Cycle

5.4.2 Fritzing

Fritzing is software that supports Arduino. The libraries include components such as sensors and
displays. The purpose of using fritzing is to design a circuit diagram virtually.

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 CHAPTER 6

EXPECTED OUTCOME
According to project activities flow chart Figure 17 above, after constructing the circuit, testing was
done. Figures 36 to 47 shows the results obtained from each feature and the interfacing all feature with
Arduino. During testing, the outputs obtained were displayed through serial monitor. The LCD display is
added afterwards to replace the serial monitor.

6.1 Fingerprint scanner

6.1.1 Enrolling

The function of fingerprint scanner is to scan the users fingerprint. During scanning the fingerprint
scanner will capture and store the users minutiae. To have a database of users fingerprint minutiae, the
user needs to enroll their fingerprint. Figure 42 shows the result of an enrolled fingerprint. Once Arduino
detected fingerprint scanner, the users will insert the ID that will be saved together with their fingerprint
minutiae. According to figure above, the users fingerprint minutiae is enrolled with the ID:2. It is then
stored in the fingerprint scanner onboard flash memory

6.1.2 Accuracy test

Accuracy test is performed to observe the security level of the fingerprint scanner. Figure 48 shows
the result of the accuracy test based on the confidence level. The test was done on five individual with
four thumbprints from each and one of them. The fingers scanned were, left and right thumbprint and

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also left and right index finger. From the result below, it shows that finger with the most accurate result
is left thumbprint with the percentage of 70%, followed by right thumbprint, right index finger and left
index finger with the accuracy of 67.2%, 41.4% and 30% respectively.

250

200

150 Left Thumbprint

Right Thumbprint
100 Right Index Finger
Left Index Finger
50

0 User

Shuhada Rohana Katy Mardiah Syafiqah

Fig no.6.1.2 : Result of accuracy test

CHAPTER 7

SUMMARY
The implementation of door access system is considered to be a need for a building especially
companies to have a security system in order to keep the people inside and assets to be safe from
unwanted cases such as burglaries and kidnapping.

Tricubes Computer Sdn. Bhd. has been reported that the company’s existing door access system
have problems in maintaining due to its obsolete components that could not be replaced. The Door
Access System – Arduino Based is developed to overcome this issue as Arduino does not use a lot of
components with the existence of the Arduino platform board and Atmel AVR .Arduino is also known to
its open source and cross-platform that could ease the task of a programmer.

The software used in this project is Arduino programming language which is similar to C++.Besides
software and approach, this project also differs in terms of its features which are keypad and fingerprint
scanner. It clearly shows that the features used in this project are more efficient compared to the existing
system.

There is one input fingerprint scanner. While the outputs is magnetic door lock. the fingerprint
scanner has also high accuracy with the percentage of 70% for the highest fingerprint. The fingerprint

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scanner used is in this project also have high efficiency due to its time in obtaining results identifying
minutiae which is less than 1 second in identifying minutiae.

For future work it is recommended to add another feature such as smart card to increase the security
level. Smart card stores data such as name and ID of the owner and in future it can be used to match the
entered ID using keypad. In conclusion the implementation of a door access system using Arduino.
Arduino is a less time-consuming programming because it is an open-source microcontroller. It has high
quality system compared to the existing door access system. The features used in this system helps to
overcome the security issues

CHAPTER 8

REFERENCES
 Arduino Mega2560 Microcontroller Board, Retrieved on 29 may 2022,from
http://members.home.nl/bzijlstra/software/examples/wiz830/wiz830mj.htm
 Matrix Interfacing with Microcontrollers: Introduction Retrieved on 29 may 2022
https://encryptedtbn2.gstatic.com/images?
q=tbn:ANd9GcRVF_VUL6PITMFaV96eyL5iuG1xMIYu MnBZF5n0O9PMIcBsfFmx
Retrieved on 29 may 2022
 Fingerprintdooraccess:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
343524392_Fingerprint_Based_Door_Access_System_usin Retrieved on 29 may 2022
 B. Andrew, Comparing fingerprint, Retrieved from http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2529.html
on 29 may 2022

 Rashid, R. A., Mahalin, N. H., Sarijari, M. A., & Abdul Aziz, A. A. Security system using
biometric technology: Design and implementation of Voice Recognition System (VRS),
Computer and Communication Engineering, 2008. ICCCE 2008. International Conference,
p. 898-902, (2008) Retrieved on 29 may 2022

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 Cui, B., & Xue, T.,Design and realization of an intelligent access control system based on
voice recognition, Computing, Communication, Control, and Management, CCCM 2009,
ISECS International Colloquium,Vol. 1,p. 229-232, Retrieved on 29 may 2022
 Zhu, Z., & Chen, F., Fingerprint recognition-based access controlling system for
automobiles, Image and Signal Processing (CISP), 4th International Congress, Vol. 4,
Retrieved on 29 may 2022
 Magneticcontactswitch,Retrievedfromhttp://www.supplierlist.com/product_view/bestkey/
3783/100521/magnetic_contact_switch.htm from Retrieved on 29 may 2022
http://www.autoshop101.com/trainmodules/relays/107.html
 Azzad Firdaus, Z., Electronic Combination Lock Using PIC , Final Year Project Report,
Universiti Teknikal Melaka Retrieved on 29 may 2022
 Japamiin Raj.s Development of Low Cost Private Office Access Control System (OACS),
International Journal of Embedded System and Application (IJESA), Vol.2, No.2, Retrieved
on 29 may 2022

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