Ncert Solutions For Class 10 Maths Chapter 3 (1) 19 32

NCERT Solution for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3-
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
Exercise 3.3 Page: 53

1. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution method
(i) x + y = 14
x–y=4
(ii) s – t = 3
(s/3) + (t/2) = 6
(iii) 3x – y = 3
9x – 3y = 9
(iv) 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3

0.4x + 0.5y = 2.3
(v) √2 x+√3 y = 0
√3 x-√8 y = 0
(vi) (3x/2) – (5y/3) = -2
(x/3) + (y/2) = (13/6)
Solutions:
(i) Given,
x + y = 14 and x – y = 4 are the two equations.
From 1st equation, we get,
x = 14 – y
Now, substitute the value of x in second equation to get,
(14 – y) – y = 4
14 – 2y = 4
2y = 10
Or y = 5
By the value of y, we can now find the exact value of x;
∵ x = 14 – y
∴ x = 14 - 5
Or x = 9
Hence, x = 9 and y = 5.
(ii) Given,
s – t = 3 and (s/3) + (t/2) = 6 are the two equations.
s = 3 + t ________________(1)
Now, substitute the value of s in second equation to get,
(3+t)/3 + (t/2) = 6
⇒ (2(3+t) + 3t )/6 = 6
⇒ (6+2t+3t)/6 = 6
⇒ (6+5t) = 36
⇒5t = 30
⇒t = 6
Now, substitute the value of t in equation (1)
s=3+6=9
Therefore, s = 9 and t = 6.
(iii) Given,
3x – y = 3 and 9x – 3y = 9 are the two equations.
x = (3+y)/3
Now, substitute the value of x in the given second equation to get,

9(3+y)/3 – 3y = 9
⇒9 +3y -3y = 9
⇒9=9
Therefore, y has infinite values and since, x = (3+y) /3, so x also has infinite values.
(iv) Given,
0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3 and 0.4x + 0.5y = 2.3are the two equations.

x = (1.3- 0.3y)/0.2 _________________(1)
Now, substitute the value of x in the given second equation to get,

0.4(1.3-0.3y)/0.2 + 0.5y = 2.3
⇒2(1.3 – 0.3y) + 0.5y = 2.3
⇒ 2.6 - 0.6y + 0.5y = 2.3
⇒ 2.6 – 0.1 y = 2.3
⇒ 0.1 y = 0.3
⇒y=3
Now, substitute the value of y in equation (1), we get,

x = (1.3-0.3(3))/0.2 = (1.3-0.9)/0.2 = 0.4/0.2 = 2
Therefore, x = 2 and y = 3.
(v) Given,
√2 x + √3 y = 0 and √3 x - √8 y = 0
are the two equations.

x = - (√3/√2)y __________________(1)
Putting the value of x in the given second equation to get,
√3(-√3/√2)y - √8y = 0 ⇒ (-3/√2)y- √8 y = 0
⇒y=0

x=0
(vi) Given,
(3x/2)-(5y/3) = -2 and (x/3) + (y/2) = 13/6 are the two equations.
(3/2)x = -2 + (5y/3)
⇒ x = 2(-6+5y)/9 = (-12+10y)/9 ………………………(1)
Putting the value of x in the given second equation to get,
((-12+10y)/9)/3 + y/2 = 13/6
⇒y/2 = 13/6 –( (-12+10y)/27 ) + y/2 = 13/6

(3x/2) – 5(3)/3 = -2
⇒ (3x/2) – 5 = -2
⇒x=2
2. Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x – 4y = – 24 and hence find the value of ‘m’ for which y = mx + 3.
Solution:
2x + 3y = 11…………………………..(I)
2x – 4y = -24………………………… (II)
From equation (II), we get
x = (11-3y)/2 ………………….(III)
Substituting the value of x in equation (II), we get
2(11-3y)/2 – 4y = 24
11 – 3y – 4y = -24
-7y = -35
y = 5……………………………………..(IV)
Putting the value of y in equation (III), we get

x = (11-3×5)/2 = -4/2 = -2
Hence, x = -2, y = 5
Also,
y = mx + 3
5 = -2m +3
-2m = 2
m = -1
Therefore the value of m is -1.
3. Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their solution by substitution
method.
(i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other. Find them.
Solution:
Let the two numbers be x and y respectively, such that y > x.
According to the question,
y = 3x ……………… (1)
y – x = 26 …………..(2)
Substituting the value of (1) into (2), we get
3x – x = 26
x = 13 ……………. (3)
Substituting (3) in (1), we get y = 39
Hence, the numbers are 13 and 39.
(ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find them.
Solution:
Let the larger angle by xo and smaller angle be yo.
We know that the sum of two supplementary pair of angles is always 180o.
x + y = 180o……………. (1)
x – y = 18o ……………..(2)
From (1), we get x = 180o – y …………. (3)
Substituting (3) in (2), we get
180o – y – y =18o
162o = 2y
y = 81o ………….. (4)
Using the value of y in (3), we get
x = 180o – 81o
= 99o
Hence, the angles are 99o and 81o.
(iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs.3800. Later, she buys 3 bats and 5
balls for Rs.1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball.
Solution:
Let the cost a bat be x and cost of a ball be y.
7x + 6y = 3800 ………………. (I)
3x + 5y = 1750 ………………. (II)
From (I), we get
y = (3800-7x)/6………………..(III)
Substituting (III) in (II). we get,
3x+5(3800-7x)/6 =1750
⇒3x+ 9500/3 – 35x/6 = 1750
⇒3x- 35x/6 = 1750 – 9500/3
⇒(18x-35x)/6 = (5250 – 9500)/3
⇒-17x/6 = -4250/3
⇒-17x = -8500
x = 500 ……………………….. (IV)
Substituting the value of x in (III), we get
y = (3800-7 ×500)/6 = 300/6 = 50
Hence, the cost of a bat is Rs 500 and cost of a ball is Rs 50.
(iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the distance covered.
For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs 105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs 155.
What are the fixed charges and the charge per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a
distance of 25 km?
Solution:
Let the fixed charge be Rs x and per km charge be Rs y.

x + 10y = 105 …………….. (1)
x + 15y = 155 …………….. (2)
From (1), we get x = 105 – 10y ………………. (3)
Substituting the value of x in (2), we get
105 – 10y + 15y = 155
5y = 50
y = 10 …………….. (4)
Putting the value of y in (3), we get
x = 105 – 10 × 10 = 5
Hence, fixed charge is Rs 5 and per km charge = Rs 10
Charge for 25 km = x + 25y = 5 + 250 = Rs 255
(v) A fraction becomes 9/11 , if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator. If, 3 is
added to both the numerator and the denominator it becomes 5/6. Find the fraction.
Solution:
Let the fraction be x/y.
(x+2) /(y+2) = 9/11
11x + 22 = 9y + 18
11x – 9y = -4 …………….. (1)
(x+3) /(y+3) = 5/6
6x + 18 = 5y +15
6x – 5y = -3 ………………. (2)
From (1), we get x = (-4+9y)/11 …………….. (3)

6(-4+9y)/11 -5y = -3
-24 + 54y – 55y = -33
-y = -9
y = 9 ………………… (4)
Substituting the value of y in (3), we get
x = (-4+9×9 )/11 = 7
Hence the fraction is 7/9.
(vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age was
seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
Solutions:
Let the age of Jacob and his son be x and y respectively.
(x + 5) = 3(y + 5)
x – 3y = 10 …………………………………….. (1)
(x – 5) = 7(y – 5)
x – 7y = -30 …………………………………….... (2)
From (1), we get x = 3y + 10 ……………………. (3)
3y + 10 – 7y = -30
-4y = -40
y = 10 ………………… (4)
Substituting the value of y in (3), we get
x = 3 x 10 + 10 = 40
Hence, the present age of Jacob’s and his son is 40 years and 10 years respectively.
Exercise 3.4 Page: 56

1. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method and the substitution method:
(i) x + y = 5 and 2x – 3y = 4
(ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2
(iii) 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7
(iv) x/2+ 2y/3 = -1 and x-y/3 = 3
Solutions:
(i) x + y = 5 and 2x – 3y = 4
By the method of elimination.
x + y = 5 ……………………………….. (i)
2x – 3y = 4 ……………………………..(ii)
When the equation (i) is multiplied by 2, we get
2x + 2y = 10 ……………………………(iii)
When the equation (ii) is subtracted from (iii) we get,
5y = 6
y = 6/5 ………………………………………(iv)
Substituting the value of y in eq. (i) we get,
x=5−6/5 = 19/5
∴x = 19/5 , y = 6/5
By the method of substitution.

From the equation (i), we get:
x = 5 – y………………………………….. (v)
When the value is put in equation (ii) we get,
2(5 – y) – 3y = 4
-5y = -6
y = 6/5
When the values are substituted in equation (v), we get:
x =5− 6/5 = 19/5

∴x = 19/5 ,y = 6/5
(ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2
By the method of elimination.
3x + 4y = 10……………………….(i)
2x – 2y = 2 ………………………. (ii)
When the equation (i) and (ii) is multiplied by 2, we get:
4x – 4y = 4 ………………………..(iii)
When the Equation (i) and (iii) are added, we get:
7x = 14
x = 2 ……………………………….(iv)
Substituting equation (iv) in (i) we get,
6 + 4y = 10
4y = 4
y=1
Hence, x = 2 and y = 1
By the method of Substitution
From equation (ii) we get,
x = 1 + y……………………………… (v)
Substituting equation (v) in equation (i) we get,
3(1 + y) + 4y = 10
7y = 7
y=1
When y = 1 is substituted in equation (v) we get,
A=1+1=2
Therefore, A = 2 and B = 1
(iii) 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7
By the method of elimination:
3x – 5y – 4 = 0 ………………………………… (i)
9x = 2y + 7
9x – 2y – 7 = 0 …………………………………(ii)
When the equation (i) and (iii) is multiplied we get,
9x – 15y – 12 = 0 ………………………………(iii)
When the equation (iii) is subtracted from equation (ii) we get,
13y = -5
y = -5/13 ………………………………………….(iv)
When equation (iv) is substituted in equation (i) we get,
3x +25/13 −4=0
3x = 27/13
x =9/13
∴x = 9/13 and y = -5/13
By the method of Substitution:

From the equation (i) we get,
x = (5y+4)/3 …………………………………………… (v)
Putting the value (v) in equation (ii) we get,
9(5y+4)/3 −2y −7=0
13y = -5
y = -5/13
Substituting this value in equation (v) we get,
x = (5(-5/13)+4)/3
x = 9/13
∴x = 9/13, y = -5/13
(iv) x/2 + 2y/3 = -1 and x-y/3 = 3

By the method of Elimination.
3x + 4y = -6 …………………………. (i)
x-y/3 = 3
3x – y = 9 ……………………………. (ii)
When the equation (ii) is subtracted from equation (i) we get,
5y = -15
y = -3 ………………………………….(iii)
When the equation (iii) is substituted in (i) we get,
3x – 12 = -6
3x = 6
x=2
Hence, x = 2 , y = -3
By the method of Substitution:

From the equation (ii) we get,
x = (y+9)/3…………………………………(v)
Putting the value obtained from equation (v) in equation (i) we get,
3(y+9)/3 +4y =−6

5y = -15
y = -3
When y = -3 is substituted in equation (v) we get,
x = (-3+9)/3 = 2
Therefore, x = 2 and y = -3
2. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions (if they exist) by the
elimination method:
𝟏
(i) If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction reduces to 1. It becomes 𝟐
if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the fraction?
Solution:
Let the fraction be a/b
According to the given information,
(a+1)/(b-1) = 1
=> a – b = -2 ………………………………..(i)
a/(b+1) = 1/2
=> 2a-b = 1…………………………………(ii)
When equation (i) is subtracted from equation (ii) we get,

a = 3 …………………………………………………..(iii)
When a = 3 is substituted in equation (i) we get,
3 – b = -2
-b = -5
b=5
Hence, the fraction is 3/5.
(ii) Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu. How
old are Nuri and Sonu?
Solution:
Let us assume, present age of Nuri is x
And present age of Sonu is y.
According to the given condition, we can write as;
x – 5 = 3(y – 5)
x – 3y = -10…………………………………..(1)
Now,
x + 10 = 2(y +10)
x – 2y = 10…………………………………….(2)
Subtract eq. 1 from 2, to get,
y = 20 ………………………………………….(3)
Substituting the value of y in eq.1, we get,
x – 3.20 = -10
x – 60 = -10
x = 50
Therefore,
Age of Nuri is 50 years
Age of Sonu is 20 years.
(iii) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is twice the number
obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.
Solution:
Let the unit digit and tens digit of a number be x and y respectively.
Then, Number (n) = 10B + A
N after reversing order of the digits = 10A + B
According to the given information, A + B = 9…………………….(i)
9(10B + A) = 2(10A + B)
88 B – 11 A = 0
-A + 8B = 0 ………………………………………………………….. (ii)
Adding the equations (i) and (ii) we get,
9B = 9
B = 1……………………………………………………………………….(3)
Substituting this value of B, in the equation (i) we get A= 8
Hence the number (N) is 10B + A = 10 x 1 +8 = 18
(iv) Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs.2000. She asked the cashier to give her Rs.50 and
Rs.100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of Rs.50 and Rs.100 she
received.
Solution:
Let the number of Rs.50 notes be A and the number of Rs.100 notes be B
According to the given information,
A + B = 25 ……………………………………………………………………….. (i)
50A + 100B = 2000 ………………………………………………………………(ii)
When equation (i) is multiplied with (ii) we get,
50A + 50B = 1250 …………………………………………………………………..(iii)
Subtracting the equation (iii) from the equation (ii) we get,
50B = 750
B = 15
Substituting in the equation (i) we get,
A = 10
Hence, Meena has 10 notes of Rs.50 and 15 notes of Rs.100.
(v) A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for each
day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs.27 for a book kept for seven days, while Susy paid Rs.21 for the
book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.
Solution:
Let the fixed charge for the first three days be Rs.A and the charge for each day extra be Rs.B.
According to the information given,
A + 4B = 27 …………………………………….…………………………. (i)
A + 2B = 21 ……………………………………………………………….. (ii)
When equation (ii) is subtracted from equation (i) we get,
2B = 6
B = 3 …………………………………………………………………………(iii)
Substituting B = 3 in equation (i) we get,
A + 12 = 27
A = 15
Hence, the fixed charge is Rs.15
And the Charge per day is Rs.3

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NCERT Solution for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3-

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Exercise 3.3 Page: 53

(iv) 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3

Now, substitute the value of x in the given second equation to get,

From 1st equation, we get,

Now, substitute the value of x in the given second equation to get,

Now, substitute the value of y in equation (1), we get,

From 1st equation, we get,

√3(-√3/√2)y - √8y = 0 ⇒ (-3/√2)y- √8 y = 0

Now, substitute the value of y in equation (1), we get,

Now, substitute the value of y in equation (1), we get,

Putting the value of y in equation (III), we get

According to the question,

Substituting the value of x in (2), we get

Exercise 3.4 Page: 56

Substituting the value of y in eq. (i) we get,

By the method of substitution.

When the values are substituted in equation (v), we get:

x =5− 6/5 = 19/5

When equation (iv) is substituted in equation (i) we get,

By the method of Substitution:

x = (5y+4)/3 …………………………………………… (v)

Putting the value (v) in equation (ii) we get,

9(5y+4)/3 −2y −7=0

(iv) x/2 + 2y/3 = -1 and x-y/3 = 3

By the method of Substitution:

3(y+9)/3 +4y =−6

When equation (i) is subtracted from equation (ii) we get,

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