LAB RECORD

OF

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING LAB

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NAME OF STUDENT

SEMESTER

BATCH

ROLL NO.

ACADEMIC SESSION

GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, JAGDALPUR

Dharampura -03, Jagdalpur Bastar, Chhattisgarh 494 001
PHONE NO. 07782229439 – FAX 229401 Email: [email protected]
M.P.CHRISTIAN COLLEGE OF ENGG. AND TECHNOLOGY, BHILAI
Website www.gecjagdalpur.ac.in
 GOVT. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, JAGDALPUR
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING LAB

6th SEM. MECHANICAL

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

PAGE PERFORMED
S.NO. NAME OF EXPERIMENTS REMARKS
NO. ON

To prepare the men type flow process charts &

01. 01
diagrams for a selected Problem.

To prepare the material type flow process chart &

02. diagrams for the selected problem according to existing 03
method an Improved.
To prepare the m/c type flow process chart & diagrams
03. for a selected problem according to existing method 05
and an improved.
To prepare the multiple activity chart & diagrams for a
04. selected problem according to existing method and an 07
involved.

05. Study of principle of fundamental of hand motion. 09

06. To study and principle of motion economy. 11

07. Performance of micro motion study of job. 13

08. Problem in assignment of men & machines chart. 17

09. Standard time calculation problem. 20

10. Stop watch time study of a job. 22

Signature of Teacher
 EXPERIMENT NO. - 1

OBJECT To prepare the men type flow process charts & diagrams for a
selected problem according to existing method and suggested
improvement.

THEORY This chart is based on men analysis. This is a graphic

representation of different steps, a person perform when doing a
job and his movement from one place to another in another a
performing that job. The work done by workers distance and
delay in inspection work etc are shown in this chart. In this chart
attention is given on men only and no attention is paid on flow of
material. Charts are represented by symbol as the symbols
produce better picture and quick understanding also.
Process charts use the following symbols:-

S.NO. EVENTS SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

1. Operation It represents an action.

Any item retained for

2. Storage quite some time for
reference purpose.
It occurs when something
3. Delay D stops the process, e.g.
power failure.
Movements of an item
4. Transport from one location to
another location.
Act of checking for
5. Inspection correctness of quality.

EXAMPLE :
S.NO. STEPS SYMBOL
01. Wait for ringing. D
02. Going to Almirah O
03. To open the Almirah O
04. To take out the books. O
05. To close the Almirah O
06. Going to the class.
07. Delay. D
08. Going to class
09. To open the register O
10. To take the Attendance. O
11. To close the register O
 12. To start the teaching O
PROBLEM :
S.NO. STEPS SYMBOL
01. To take the two workpiece. O
02. To take the vernier caliper. O
03. Check the dimension.
04. To keep the workpiece on bench.
05. To take the arc holder. O
06. To move for arc welding m/c.
07. To fix the welding rod on arc holder. O
08. Delay. D
09. To weld the two workpiece. O
To chipping the workpiece by chipping
10.
hammer.
O
11. Delay. D
12. Store.

OBSERVATION TABLE :
S.NO. SYMBOL FREQUENCY TIME DISTANCE
1. O
2. D
3.
4.
5.

EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL :
Example : Almirah, book, register.
Problem : plate size 60*60*100m.m. thick, arc welding M/c, chipping
hammer.

RESULT/CONCLUSION :

VIVA QUESTION :
(1) What do you understand by men type flow process chart?
(2) What are the symbols of operation, storage inspection, storage,
delay and transport?
(3) What are the application of men type flow process chart?
(4) What are the advantage and disadvantage of men type flow
process chart?
(5) What are the objective of men type flow process chart?
 EXPERIMENT NO. – 2

OBJECT To prepare the material type flow process chart &

diagram for a selected problem according to existing method and
suggested Improvement.

THEORY Material flow process chart is In form of flow diagram, which is

the plan view of work to a certain certain scale and a line diagram in Indicating path
followed by object under the study. This gives an of overall View of an existing or
proposed process and is used for making improvement. It shows path followed by
material. It is main aim is to minimize the flow of material, operation, storage and
inspection. These are very useful in establishing the overall sequence of operation and
in determine, the best layout for economical and effective flow of material.
Flow process are following symbol:-
S.NO. EVENTS SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

Operation It represents an action.

1.
Any item retained for
quite some time for
2. Storage
reference purpose.
It occurs when something
3. Delay D stops the process, e.g.
power failure.
Movements of an item
from one location to
4. Transport
another location.
Act of checking for
5. Inspection correctness of quality.

EXAMPLE :
S.NO. STEPS SYMBOL
1. Await arrival of men. D
2. To inspection department.

3. Set on the bench. O

4. Inspection.

5. Measure the dimension.

6. Stamps. O
7. To stored.
 8. Store.

FLOW PROCESS CHART OF MATERIAL TYPE – PROBLEM

S.NO. STEPS SYMBOL

01. Bar kept in store.
02. Taking bar to the hacksaw.
03. To wait on the hacksaw. D
04. To cut the length by 20m.m. O
05. Inspection of the length.
06. Taking cylinder to lathe.
07. Waiting. D
08. To make 30m.m.diameter. O
09. Inspection of length.
10. Taking to drill m/c. O
11. Waiting. D
12. To drill hole. O
13. Inspection of hole.
14. Taking to store.
15. To keep in store.

OBSERVATION TABLE

S.NO. SYMBOL FREQUENCY TIME DISTANCE

1. O
2. D
3.
4.
5.

EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL :
Example : Any turning job, vernier caliper.
Problem : Lathe m/c, Drilling m/c, M.S.bar-35m.m.dia*100m.m.

RESULT/CONCLUSION :

VIVA QUESTION :
(1) What do you understand by Material flow process chart?
(2) What are the symbol of storage, operation, delay transport and
inspection?
(3) What are the advantage and disadvantage of material type flow
process chart?
(4) What the application of material type flow process chart?
 EXPERIMENT NO. – 3

OBJECT To prepare the m/c type flow process chart & diagrams for a
selected problem according to existing method and suggested
improvement.

THEORY This chart is based on m/c – product analysis. This is a graphic

representation of different steps involves in performing the work
required to convert a product from one stage to another. Charts
are represented by symbol, as the symbol produce better picture
and quick understanding also.
Process charts use the following symbols :–

S.NO. EVENTS SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

1. Operation It represents an action.

Any item retained for

2. Storage quite some time for
reference purpose.
It occurs when something
3. Delay D stops the process, e.g.
power failure.
Movements of an item
4. Transport from one location to
another location.
Act of checking for
5. Inspection
correctness of quality.

EXAMPLE :
S.NO. STEPS SYMBOL
1. Position the job. D
2. Position the tool. D
3. Switch on the drill m/c. O
4. Drill the workpiece. O
5. Switch off the m/c. O

EXERCISE – FLOW PROCESS CHARTS OF MACHINE TYPE :

S.NO. STEPS SYMBOL

1. Position the job and tool. D
2. Switch on the shaper m/c. O
3. Machining the workpiece. O
4. Switch off m/c. O
OBSERVATION TABLE :

S.NO. SYMBOL FREQUENCY TIME DISTANCE

1. O
2. D
3.

4.

5.

EQUIPMENT / MATERIAL :
Example : Drilling m/c, m.s.bar 60m.m.dia.* 100m.m.length.
Problem : Shaper m/c, cube block 70*70*70m.m. Length.

RESULT/CONCLUSION :

VIVA QUESTION
(1) What do you mean by m/c type flow process chart?
(2) What are the symbol of storage, operation, delay, inspection and transport?
(3) What are the advantage and disadvantage of m/c type flow process chart?
(4) What are the application of m/c type flow process chart?
 EXPERIMENT NO. - 4

OBJECECT To prepare the multiple activity chart & diagrams for a selected
problem according to existing method and suggested
improvement.

THEORY Where a number workers work in a group or an individual

operator handles two or more m/c, their activities have to be
coordinated for achieving proper results. A multiple activity
chart record simultaneously the activity of workers and m/c on
common time scale and thus shows inter- relation between them.
Two symbols are used in the chart one work representing and
other idle. Working representing by hatched column and idle is
representing by blank is shown in figure.

IDLE WORKING

EXAMPLE

S.NO. OPERATOR TIME SYMBOL MACHINE TIME SYMBOL

1. Load the Job. Idle

Switch on the
2. Working
m/c.
Machining of
3. Idle.
work piece.

4. Pickup tray. Idle

5. Keep in tray. Idle

OBSERVATION TABLE

CYCLE TIME TIME WORKED UTILIZATION

S.NO. SUBJECT
(MIN.) /CYCLE %
1. Operator

2. Machine
PROBLEM

S.NO. OPERATOR TIME SYMBOL MACHINE TIME SYMBOL

1. Take the job. Idle.

Switch on the
2. Idle.
machine.
Machining of
3. Idle.
the job.
Switch off the
4. Idle.
machine.
Remove the job
5. from Idle.
workpiece.

OBSERVATION TABLE

CYCLE TIME TIME WORKED UTILIZATION

S.NO. SUBJECT
(MIN.) /CYCLE %
1. Operator

2. Machine

EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL
Example : Grinding m/c, any cylindrical workpiece one tray.
Problem : Milling m/c, cube block 80*80*80m.m.length.

RESULT/CONCLUSION :

VIVA QUESTION :
(1) What do you mean by multiple activity chart?
(2) What are the advantage and disadvantage of multiple activity chart?
(3) What is the application of multiple activity chart?
(4) What are the symbol uses for multiple activity chart?
 EXPERIMENT NO. – 5

OBJECT Study of principle of fundamental of hand motion.

THEORY The two handed process chart records the activity of left and
right hand an operation. The activities of two hands can be
synchronized by provided the time scale on the chart. Such
charts are used for repetitive works. The chart is prepared after
studying the working place, arrangement of worker and of
equipment while he is operation. Some of operation like
assembling of small instrument such as pressure gauge,
carburetor and fuel pump.
Flow process chart are following symbols:-

S.NO. EVENTS SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

1. Operation It represent an action.

Any item retained for

2. Storage quite some time for
reference purpose.
It occurs when something
3. Delay D stops the process, e.g.
power failure.
Movements of an item
4. Transport from one location to
another location.
Act of checking for
5. Inspection
correctness of quality.

EXAMPLE

S.NO. L.H. SYMBOL R.H. SYMBOL

1. To Letter. Reach for Pen.

2. Grasp Letter. O Grasp Pen. O

3. To Position. Carry Pen to Paper.

4. Hold the Letter. D Signature on Letter. O

5. Return pen to holder.

6. Release pen to holder. O

Move hand back to the
7.
Letter.
 8. Grasp Letter O

9. To out tray.

10. Return Letter in out tray. O

PROBLEM

S.NO. L.H. SYMBOL R.H. SYMBOL

1. Take Hacksaw Blade. O Take Hacksaw frame. O

Fix to Fix Hacksaw Tight wing nut on
2.
Blade on frame. O Hacksaw. O
To keep Hacksaw on
3.
bench.
Open the Vice. O
To fix the Dark piece on
4.
Vice. O Tight Vice. O
5. Move the Hacksaw. Move to Hacksaw.

6. Grasp Hacksaw. O Grasp Hacksaw. O

7. Start Cutting. O Start Cutting. O
To take Hacksaw & keep
8.
on bench.
Open the Vice. O
Take Vernier caliper &
9. Take work piece. O check dimension.

EQUIPMENT / MATERIAL
Example : One tray, one paper
Problem : Hacksaw, m.s. bar 40m.m.dia.*60m.m.length.

RESULT/CONCLUSION

VIVA QUESTION
(1)What do you mean by two handed process chart?
(2)What are the symbol of storage, Inspection, delay operation and transport?
(3)What are the advantage and disadvantage of two handed process chart?
(4)What are the application of two handed process chart?
 EXPRIMENT NO. - 6

OBJECT To study and principle of motion economy.

FUNCTION The following function to be made while performing motion

economy study:-
1. Divide the whole production in to various small parts and note
down the time and motion used by each worker.
2. Best possible method is to be selected by having micro study.
3. Motion of every operator is to be studied and reason of cause
must be find out.
4. Standard time is to find out adding there to time set up time.
5. The relaxation time is to be added in it.
6. The productive work is to be divided in the small parts.
7. The requisite qualification is to be traced out.
8. The total time taken in each part is to be studied and total time of
production is find out.
9. Removing unnecessary work and delay in required.
10. The standard is fix for any work.

STEPS The various steps of motion economy are as follows:-

1. The work is to be selected first.
2. Productive and unproductive motions are identified.
3. Re-designing of work, so that minimum motion be used in doing
a work.
4. Testing the whole procedure from beginning to end are to be
done.
5. The standardization of whole procedure is to made.
6. Necessary instruction should be given to be the laborers so that
they may develop good habits.
7. Avoidance of useless and unproductive motion must observed.
8. Preparation of list and chart by operator, must be made by the
concerned the authority.

PRINCIPLE The principles are grouped in to three heading:-

A. Use of human body.
B. Arrangement of workplace.
C. Design of equipment and tool.

A. USE OF HUMAN BODY :

1. Both hand should be used for working as far as possible.
2. The hands should not idle at same time excepting during periods
of rest.
3. In case both hands are used, they should start and finish are
simultaneously.
4. Motion of arms should be symmetrical and in opposite directions
simultaneously.
5. Momentum should be employed to help the worker and should
be reduced to minimum wherever it has be overcome by
muscular effort.
 6. Rhythm is essential for smooth and automatic performance of an
operation.

B. ARRANGEMENT OF WORKPLACE :
1. Define and fixed stations should be provided for all tools and
materials to permit habit formation.
2. Tool and material should be pre-positioned to reduce searching.
3. Gravity fed, bins and containers should be used to deliver the
material as close to the point of use as possible.
4. Tools, material and controls should be located with in minimum
working area and is near to the worker as possible.
5. It should not be automatic to become monotonous.
6. The operator must have comfortable postures.

C. DESIGN OF TOOL AND EQUIPMENT :

1. Jigs, fixtures, tool holders should be used to relieve hands,
wherever possible.
2. Power assisted equipment should be used wherever possible.
3. Manual lifting and transporting of loads should be avoided.
4. Lever assisted equipment should be used wherever possible.
5. Machine should not be kept in operation without work.

VIVA QUESTION :
1) What is the function of motion economy study?
2) What is the function of motion economy study?
3) How to improve the productivity with the help of principle of
motion economy?
4) State the principle of related to human body, work place, tool &
equipment?
 EXPERIMENT NO. - 7

OBJECT Performance of micro motion study of job.

THEORY Some motion require very small time and it is difficult to

measure the time for these motion can not be neglected because
they are repeated hundred of times. Therefore the motion are
taken on picture camera very small time up to 0.005 min. can be
measure by this system when picture camera is used the
procedure is known as “Micro Motion Study”.

ADVANTAGE The advantage of micro motion study as follows

1. Micro motion study provides permanent record of micro motion
study with the help of films.
2. A large number of workers can see the procedure at any desired
time even after the completion of micro motion study.
3. Difference the old and new method can see demonstrated, if both
are filmed.
4. Films can be demonstrated at any desired speed.
5. Micro motion study gives very accurate time for each operation
or motion.
6. It helps in discovered expert method.
7. It helps in study as well as training.

THERBLIGS Frank Gilberth developed a set of seventeen elementary motion

commonly found in manual operations and called them
‘Therbligs’. Reverse spelling of his name micro-motion study is
used to decide the best way of doing work for which present and
proposed method are observed by experts, by recording it on
charts. For the purpose of recording the motions, he split up the
different motion of process in to seventeen fundamental elements
made by various members of human body and each event was
allotted a symbol and letter abbreviation. These seventeen
symbol and their meaning are as given under this table.

S.NO THERBLIGS SYMBOL COLOUR DEFINITION

1. Search Black Hunting for an object.

2. Find Grey Mental reaction at end is search.

Choosing one object to among

3. Select Light grey
many.

4. Grasp ∩ Red Taking hold of something.

 Moving an article from one place to
5. Transport loaded U Green
another.

6. Position ‫و‬ Blue

Turning to live up, orient or change
position.

7. Assemble Violet Putting object together

Manipulating or causing a tool to do

8. Use U Purple
its function.

Separating different parts of an

9. Dissemble Light violet
assembled unit .

10. Inspect ο Burnet

ochre
Examining an object for its quality.

Locating an article in pre-

11. Pre position Pale blue determined position so that it is
ready for this.

12. Release load Carmine red Releasing an object.

13. Transport empty U Olive green Moving(a body member, say hand )

14. Hold Gold ochre Retention(after grasp)

Rest for An allowance idleness or pause to

15. overcoming Orange overcome fatigue incurred during
fatigue previous.
A delay on which operator has no
16 Unavoidable delay Yellow
control.

Lemon
17 Avoidable delay A delay with in operator control
delay

18. Plan Brown Mental reaction before action

EXAMPLE :

L.H. R.H.
S.NO. THERBLIGS TIME THERBLIGS TIME
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION

Clamp the
1.
workpiece. ∩ Hold on vice.
 Hold the
2. Open the vice.
workpiece.
Clamp the Clamp the
3. workpiece on workpiece on the
the vice. vice.

4. Tight the vice. ‫و‬ Tight the vice. ‫و‬

Remove the
5. Open the vice.
workpiece.

6.
Check the
dimension. ο Check the
dimension. ο
PROBLEM :

L.H. R.H.
S.NO. THERBLIGS TIME THERBLIGS TIME
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
Searching and
1. lifting the Hold.
workpiece.

2. Hold. Open the vice.

Clamp the Clamp

3. workpiece on workpiece on
vice. the vice.

4. Hold. Taking the file. ∩

Start the hand
Start the hand
5.
filling operation. U filling U
operation.

6. Hold.
Taking
micrometer. ∩
7. Hold on the vice. Open the vice.

Remove the Hold on the

8.
workpiece. vice.

9.
Check the ο Check the
dimension. ο
dimension.
EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL :
Example : Bench vice, rough file, cube block-90*90*90m.m. Length.
Problem : Milling m/c, cube block -90*90*90m.m.length.

RESULT/CONCLUSION :

VIVA QUESTION :
(1) What do you mean by micro motion study?
(2) What are the advantages of micro-motion study?
(3) How to improve the productivity with the help of micro motion study?
(4) Write down the short notes about therbligs?
 EXPERIMENT NO. - 8

OBJECT Problem in assignment of men & machines chart.

THEORY A men machine chart is the most suitable method study chart to
present a picture of mutual relationship in time between the
working cycle of an operator and operating Cycle m/c.
OR
The chart showing the relationship in time the working cycle of
men and Operating Cycle of m/c is called Men and Machine
Chat.

EXAMPLE Draw a men machine chart and also find percentage the
utilization of men and machine.

S.NO. ELEMENT TIME

1. Pick up the workpiece and place in jig.

Pick up the tool and place in drill
2.
chuck.
3. Start m/c.

4. Drill 6m.m.hole.

5. Raise drill from hole and stop m/c.

6. Remove workpiece and tool.

MEN MACHINE CHART

S.NO. OPERATOR TIME MACHINE TIME

Pick up workpiece
1. Idle.
and place in jig
Pick up the tool and
2. Idle.
place in drill chuck.
3. Start the m/c. Idle.

4. Drill 6m.m. hole. Working.

Rise drill from hole
5. Idle.
and stop the m/c.
Remove workpiece
6. Idle.
and tool.
SUMMARY

S.NO. DETAILS OPERATOR MACHINE

1. Idle time.

2. Working time.

3. Total cycle time.

Utilization in
4.
percentage.

PROBLEM :

S.NO ELEMENT TIME

1. Pick up workpiece and place in jig.
2. Start the machine.
3. Cutting workpiece.
4. Stop machine.
5. Loosen jig.
6. Remove the workpiece.
7. Clean the chips.

MEN MACHINE CHART

S.NO. OPERATOR TIME MACHINE TIME

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

SUMMARY
S.NO. DETAILS OPERATOR MACHINE
1.
2.
3.
4.
EQUIPMENT / MATERIAL :
Example : Drilling m/c, cylindrical workpiece- 60m.m. diameter*100m.m.length.
Problem : Power hacksaw m/c,ms bar-45m.m.diameter*100m.m.length.

CONCLUSION /RESULT :

VIVA QUESTION :
(1) What do you mean by men and machine chart?
(2) Write down advantage and disadvantage of men and machine chart?
(3) Write down application of men and machine chart?
 EXPERIMENT NO. - 09

OBJECT Standard time calculation problem.

THEORY
(1) Rating
To make any comparison between the observed rates of performance, in order to
modify the observed time, it must be translated in to numerical value. The
commonly used system is to rate normal performance as 100%. This system or
scale or rating is called 100% normal scale.

(2) Performance rating

Performance rating is that process during which the time study engineer compares
the performance of operator under observation with own concept of normal
performance.
Performance rating = Observed performance/Normal performance*100.
The concept of normal performance must be such that the time standard set form,
it must be with in the capacity of majority of workers in the enterprise.

(3) Normal time

The representative time established from the observation data is the time which an
operator has taken while working at a certain place. The observed time is
converted in to basic or normal time by multiplying it by rating factor.
Normal time = observed time *performance rating(%)/100

(4) Allowance
Allowance is the compensation given to the workers during their duty hours
for idleness due to unavoidable reason.

(5) Standard time

Standard is the time which is taken by a normal worker for a specific task or a
job, working under moderate condition and including their allowance such as
fatigue, setting of tool and job, repairing of tool.
Standard time = normal time (1+%allowance/100)

EXAMPLE During a stop watch time study, the following data where

OBSERVED RATING
S.NO. ELEMENT ALLOWANCE
TIME(MIN.) FACTOR

1. a) Written letter in envelope. 90 20%

2. b) Fixing stamps 120 10%

c) Keeping letter a side

3. classing it. 125 15%
OBSERVATION TABLE

OBSERVATION NORMAL ALLOWANCE

S.NO. ELEMENT RATING
TIME TIME (%)
1. A

2. B

3. C

(A) Standard time =Normal time (1+%allowance/100)

(B) Standard time= Normal time (1+%allowance/100)

(C) Standard time= Normal time (1+%allowance/100)

Total standard time=

PROBLEM During a stop time study, the following data where recorded

OBSERVED RATING
S.NO. ELEMENT ALLOWANCE
TIME FACTOR
1. a) Take the workpiece 60 20%
b) Fix the workpiece and
2. 70 20%
tool.
3. c) Switch on the m/c. 80 15%
d) Remove the workpiece
4. 110 18%
and tool.

OBSERVATION TABLE

OBSERVED
S.NO. ELEMENT RATING NORMAL TIME ALLOWANCE
TIME
1. (A) 20%
2. (B) 20%
3. (C) 15%
4. (D) 18%
CALCULATION
(A)Standard time= normal time (1+%allowance/100)

(B) Standard time= normal time (1+%allowance/100)

(C) Standard time= normal time (1+%allowance/100)

EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL
Example : One envelope
Problem : Drilling m/c, m.s. bar - 40m.m.dia*95m.m. Length.

CONCLUSION/RESULT

VIVA QUESTION
(1) What do you mean by standard time?
(2) What are the advantage and disadvantage of standard time?
(3) How to calculate the standard time?
 EXPERIMENT NO. - 10

OBJECT Stop watch time study of a job.

THEORY

(1) TIME STUDY Time study may define as the procedure by which the actual
elapsed time for performing an operation or sub division or
element there of determined by the use of a suitable timing
device and recorded.

(2) STOP WATCH Stop watch is one of the principle timing device employed for
WindingNob
Nob
measuring the time taken by an operator to complete the job.
Winding
Beside stop watch, motion picture camera and time recording
machines have also been used. Stop watch is an accurate time
measuring equipment (watch) which can run continuously for
one hour or half an hour normally and records time by its small
hand. One revolution of the big hand of the watch (shown in fig.)
records one minute and scale covering one minute may be
calibrated in interval of 1/300th of a minute or 1/100th of a
minute.
STOP WATCH

A Watch may be of following types:

(1) Non-fly back,
(2) Fly back, and
(3) Split hand or split second type

(1) NON - FLY BACK

Non-fly back stop watch is preferred for continuous timing.
Pressing of winding knob starts the watch and long hand begins
moving. If winding knob is pressed second time, the long hand
stops and with third pressing, hands returns to zero position.

(2) FLY BACK

In fly back system, the watch is started and stopped with the help
of the slide (shown in fig.) pressing the winding knob brings the
hands back to zero, but they do not stop, start immediately
moving forward again. To stop the hands at any point, slide is
used. This stop watch is preferred for taking fly back (or snap
back) timing observation .

(3) SPLIT HAND OR SPLIT SECOND TYPE

Split hand type of watch gives greater accuracy in reading when
two elements are to be timed and one immediately follows the
other. As one element finishes, pressing the winding knob makes
one hand to stop (so that an observer can read time accurately)
while the other keeps moving. After the reading has been taken,
a second pressing on the knob restarts the (stopped) hand and the
two hands go together.
STEPS
1. Establish the quality to be achieved in the product. Strike a low and very high
quality. Low quality means more rejection and scrap and very high quality
marks uneconomical marks.

2. Identify the operation to be the timed.

3. Obtain the improved procedure from method study department.

4. Collect necessary equipment and ensure their accuracy.

5. Select the workers to be observed.

6. Take the workers as well as supervisor in to confidence and explain to them the
objectives the project.

7. Explain to the worker the improved working procedure and the use of tools,
jigs, fixtures and other attachments.

8. Break the operation in to small elements and write them on the proper form.

VIVA QUESTION :
(1)What do you mean by time study?
(2)What are the steps of stop watch?
(3)What are the advantage of stop watch?
(4) Write down the short notes the type of stop watch?