Reviewer for Practical Research 1 (PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION)

Pure Research - is conducted without any specific goal. The main aim is to advance knowledge
Applied research is conducted with a specific goal in mind. The main aim is to solve a specific and
practical problem.
Inquiry – is an approach to learning that involves a process of exploring the natural or material world,
and that leads to asking questions, making discoveries, and testing those discoveries in the search for new
understanding.
Research – is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical
information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable
methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines
Curiosity – a strong desire to know or learn; having an interest in a person, thing, or experience that leads
to making an inquiry.
Scientific Research – is the research performed by applying systematic and constructed scientific
methods to obtain, analyze, and interpret data
Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s speculation with reality
Research is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach
new conclusions.
Research is an act of studying something carefully and extensively in order to attain deep knowledge.
Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation,
analysis, and interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s speculation with reality.

Research holds the following significant data:

 to gather necessary information
 to make changes
 to improve the standard of living
 to have a safer life
 to know the truth
 to explore our history
 to understand arts
 The characteristics of research are empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical and
replicability.

The research process is composed of seven steps:

 Define the Problem

 Review Literature
 Formulate Hypothesis
 Design Research
 Collect Data
 Analyze Data
 Interpretation of Data

 Ethics in research promotes the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and credibility; helps ensure
researcher’s accountability; and builds public support for the study.
 Participants in research have the right to voluntary participation, informed consent, freedom from
risk of harm, confidentiality and anonymity.
 Plagiarism is the claiming of other works as one’s own work.
1. There are two main types of research design – Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research.
2. Quantitative research is a systematic approach in studying a phenomenon which utilizes highly
structured statistical methods to gather and analyze the data. It has an objective perspective in data
collection and seeks to confirm a hypothesis. This research is widely used in the different branches of
science (natural science, physical science, Earth science, social science, etc.). In addition, Quantitative
approach uses a large number of samples and generate results that represent the population.

3. Qualitative research focus on the “What” and “Why” of a phenomenon. It seeks to explore, explain
and give meaning to human behavior and experiences and how beings perceive the world. This design
uses a small number of samples and highlights the uniqueness and richness of data gathered from the
population.

4. Researchers must be able to choose and use the appropriate approach in his/her study in order to arrive
at valid results. Quantitative and Qualitative research methods possess specific characteristics suited to
study a certain phenomenon, therefore, making the data collection, interpretation and analysis more
manageable and factual.
Qualitative Quantitative
Definition a systematic subjective approach a formal, objective, systematic
used to describe life experiences process for obtaining
and give them meaning. information about the world.
A method used to describe, test
relationships and examine cause
and effect relationships.
Goals To gain insight; explore the To test relationships, describe,
depth, richness and complexity examine cause and effect
inherent in the phenomenon. relations.

Seeks to explore, explain and Seeks to confirm a hypothesis

understand some phenomena – about some phenomena –
What? and Why? What? and How many?
Characteristics Soft Science Hard Science
Focus: complex and broad Focus: concise and narrow
Holistic Reductionist
Subjective Objective
Dialectic, inductive reasoning Logistic, deductive reasoning
Basis of knowing: meaning and Basis of knowing: cause and
discovery effect, relationships
Develops theory (Theory Tests theory (Theory Testing)
Emergent)
Shared interpretation Control
Methods: less structured; Data Highly structured methods:
gathered through interviews, Data gathered through the use
observations, content analysis, of tools, equipment,
etc. questionnaires, etc.
Communication and observation Instruments
Asks open-ended questions in an Asks closed-ended questions
effort to explore that give quantifiable answers
Data provided as a narrative, Data is in the form of numbers
pictures, or objects and statistical results
Basic element of analysis: words Basic element of analysis:
 numbers
Individual interpretation Statistical analysis
Results may be presented Results are documented using
subjectively – may reveal objective language
biases,
values or experiences that
impact
how the results are interpreted
Uniqueness Generalization

Advantages/Strengths of Qualitative Research

1. It adopts a naturalistic approach to its subject matter. The subjects of the research will base it to what
they think is meaningful.
2. It promotes an understanding of human behavior.
3. It is instrumental for positive societal change.
4. It revives the value of respecting people’s individuality.
5. It is a way to interpret social interactions.
6. It increases the researcher’s interest since it involves his attachment to the subject.
7. It offers multiple ways or methods to conduct a study.

Disadvantages/Weaknesses of Qualitative Research.

1. It involves the researcher’s subjectivity.

2. It is hard to know the validity or reliability of the data.
3. Its open-ended questions yield “data overload” that requires long-term analysis.
4. It is time-consuming.
5. It involves several processes, which results greatly depend on the researcher’s interpretation.

Kinds of Research across Fields

Areas of Interest Description Example of Studies

Arts-Based Personal expression in various art forms is use 1.The Role of Arts in Student Achievement
Research as a primary mode of inquiry in Reading
2.How Classroom Artistic Structure
Motivates Learning
Research in Deals with human culture such as philosophy, 1 Values Education in the Public Schools:
Humanities religion, literature, linguistics and history. Practices and Challenges
It includes ancient and modern languages, 2. Children In-Conflict with the Law: A
human geography, laws, politics and other Resolution and Intervention
social sciences.
Sports Research Intended for athletes to endure their health and 1. Student Involvement in Athletics and
wellness goals through proven high quality their Academic Performance
products. 2.Sports and Fitness Support on Students in
It helps the coaches and athletes to access Public Schools
information and apply it to develop programs
 and techniques in sports.
Science Research Discover laws, postulates theories that can 1.Utilization of Garbage and other Waste
explain natural or social phenomena. Resources as Cleaning Materials
Applies systematic and constructed scientific 2.Making of COVID -19 Cure out of Heat
method to obtain, analyze and interpret data. Transfer
A strong and testable hypothesis is the
fundamental part of the scientific research.
Mathematics Provides mathematics mastery topics and helps 1. Student Difficulties in General
Research develops confidence and interest to solve more Mathematics: Remediation and
mathematical problems. Interventions
It may also assist to find new methods to 2. A Systemic Approach to Changing
simplify calculations Classroom Practices for Enhancing
Mathematics Outcomes
Agriculture Improves productivity and quality of crops 1.Green Space in School: Social and
Research irrigation, storage methods, effective farm Environment Perspective
management and marketing of agricultural 2. Is Urban Gardening as a Source of Well-
resources. Being?
Agriculture is the backbone of the economic
system providing food, raw material and
employment opportunities.
Fisheries Research Increase the productivity and management of 1.Finding a Future: Sustaining Inland
fishery resources to provide food: protect and Fishery
maintain different bodies of water for 2.Fishing for Change: Fishery Policy in the
sustainable supply of aquatic resources. Philippines

Information and Aim to adapt current technology advancement 1.The Role of ICT in the New Normal
Communication which enhances development of resources. Education
Technology (ICT) 2.Exploring the Interactive Computer
Research Simulation in Public Schools

Business Research Acquire information in business to maximize 1.Developing a Framework for Small Scale
the sales and profit. Business
It aids business companies regulates which 2.Business Practices and Strategies of
product or service is most profitable or in Small Enterprises at Tutuban Mall
demand.
Social Science Finds solutions for human behavior gathering 1.The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on
Research information about people and societies. Employment Opportunities
2. Implementation of Enhanced
Community Quarantined in Low Risk Area
of Misamis Oriental.

PREPARED BY:

MS. ANNA ROSE L. LOPEZ

GOOD LUCK and GOD BLESS!!!