21st Century Literature  This is an example of a revolutionary songs

w/o suggest the decades-old struggle for

Awiting Bayan
peace in Mindanao
 Poem that is set to music
 Express the feeling, customs and traditions,  21st century writers are not only those who
experiences, faith and ways of life of people are from the academe but also those who
living in a particular place. have been trained by the academe. It is
 Reflects morals and basic philosophies believed that through these writers, the
employees by parents thoughts, dreams and desires of people of
 Example: talindaw, kundiman, kumintang, Mindanao are heard.
uyayi  The languages used by the writers in texts
vary from Filipino, English and Chabacano –
Komposo the lingua franca in Zamboanga
 Ballad or narrative song meant to be sung  Topics are about the environment,
relationships, identity and armed conflicts
 Expresses interesting adventures, a story of
and its effects on the innocent victims
love, history of one’s clan or humorous or
thrilling experiences Manobo
 Talks of important issues like poverty,
environment and migration  One of the ethnic groups living in the
southern part of the Philippines
 Follows a structure:
 Introduction of the composer/singer  Means people or person
 Explanation of the reason that stirs the  Also called “Manum” or “Minuvu”
komposo  Found mostly in Agusan, Bukidnon,
 Greeting the listener before Cotabato, Davao, Misamis Oriental, or
singing/telling the story Surigao Del Sur
 Expression of parting and asking for an  They live in villages near small bodies if
apology water or forest cleanings, they also inhabit
 Sung with the accompaniment of a guitar hill side, rivers and valeys
although the singer memorizes the piece w/ Ubo
is open for imprecision
 Subtribe of Manobo
Dandansoy
Lucy Rico
 An example of awiting bayan
 Written in Hiligaynon Bisaya language  An Agusanon Manobo
 Genevive Asenjo  Grew up and witnesses the change that
happened to the forest of Agusan brought
Mindanao and Its Murmurs about by illegal logging
Mindanao  Has been involved in discussion about the
flight of Lumads
 Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern  She shows pride in Lumads, as suggested
Mindanao,Davao Region, SocSarGen, by her words
Caraga Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM) “Dahil ako’y isang Lumad, mananatili akong
 Has indigenous literature lumad, anumang dinarama ng lumad dinarama
ko, anumang mangyari sa lumad mangyayari sa
Bendigan akin”
 A collective term for epic of Mindanao
Darangen
Parang Sabil
 Ballad or narrative song about “outflow” or a
bandit
 INTRODUCTION to 21st CENTURY WORLD c. Doodle fiction
LITERATURE d. Young adult (YA) literature
21st Century= January 01, 2001- December 31, Influences and trends of the Century
2100
 Post Modernism
 All literary works produces within this period - Bond skepticism
are considered 21st century literature - Critical sensitivity to the rate of ideology
in proclaiming and preserving political
Characteristics of Literary Works in 21st
power
Century
- Interpretation of the text is more
 Depiction of a dystopian world important than the text itself
- Utopia= perfect world  Trans realism
- Dystopia= destroyed world - Argues for an approach to writing novels
 Dystopian narrative have been written in using a plansible setting and true to life
reaction to the September 11 bombing of the characters
World Trade Center and The Pentagon - Mixes the technique of incorporating
 Deals w/ nightmare terrorism, global fantastic elements of techniques of
catastrophes such as war, consumerism, describing perceptions from naturalistic
effects of technology realism
 Emotional themes include:
Unit 4: Latin American Literature
a. Weight if human existence
b. Personal arises Latin America
c. Angst and anxiety
- Refers to any country in America using
 Social Constructs:
Latin Language (Spanish, Portuguese
a. Racism
and French)
b. Political oppression
- It includes Mexico, Central and South
c. Gender inequality
America and the three countries from the
d. Poverty
Caribbean- Puerto Rico, Dominican
 It also reflects triumph of human spirit
Republic and Haiti.
- Humanity is a survivor of the catastrophe
 Consists if writings that mirror the harsh 4. Literature
realities of the soviet people live in, yet these
realities are the truths that people must face - rooted in oral traditions that capture the
to learn valuable life lessons customs and practices of their indigenous people
 Personal arises and social issues  Influences
=”normal” - Spanish, Portugal, Britain and French
 It does not endorse the imperfect world - Colonialism- yearning for freedom was a
- It leads people to understand and accept common theme in writing
that it is part of everyday reality  19th century
 Digital revolution and age of information - Novels under the influence of
“The medium is the message” Marshal movements such as Romanticism and
Mduhan Naturalism inspired a sense of
nationalism
 Trimedia literature  End of 19th century
 Hypertext literature - Modernism became known
 Microblog - Art for art’s sake
 Fan fiction - Avant-garde poets
 Ebook - Surrealism- experimentation fusing
reality w/ imagination
New Genres of 21st century world literature:
- Poetry was the most popular genre
a. Speculative fiction- Sci-fi, fantasy
b. Graphic novels
 2nd Half of the 20th Century Colonization
- Characterized by economic prosperity
 Britain, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,
- Was called “boom”
Portugal and Spain
- Use of different languages style
- Magic realism Harlem Renaissance (1918-1937)
- Themes were universal and
metaphysical and dealt very little w/ local -cultural movement spurred by African-
and social issues Americans

Notable personalities  Black art literature and music reached their

artistic flowering
1) Jose Maria de Heredia (Cuban)  Langston Hughes
2) Andres Belo (Venezuelan)  Wallace Thurman
3) Jose Joaquin de Olmedo (Ecuadorian)
4) Miguel Angel Asturias (Guatemalan) Negritude
5) Pablo Nevida (Chile) - A movement aimed at rehabilitating and
6) Gabriel Garcia Marquez (Columbian restoring the African values stamped by
 Today Latin French colonialism
- American literature is described as lively
and diverse Racial Discrimination
- Providence and serendipity are the - Today’s theme for most African
common themes for novels. Literature
UNIT 5: Black Consciousness from African
 Oral traditions in folk, tales, myths, epics,
funeral dirges, praise poems and proverbs.
Mwindo Epic
- An oral tale from Congo and Sundiata
- Identified with Malinka
Ethiopia
- Centers mostly on theological issues and
themes with religions considerations
Kebra Negast (Glory of Kings)
- A 14th century account w/c combines
mythical history, allegory and apocalypse
that are incorporated in the story of the
solomonic line of the emperors of
Ethiopia
Influences
- Celtic, Islam and Christian
Theme
-slavery
*tyranny, physical abuse and hypocrisy of
Christian masters who benefled from the
Negro slavery