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Lec-2-Operating System Structure

This document outlines the structure of an operating system lecture on operating system components. It discusses the standard components of an operating system including process management, main memory management, file management, secondary storage management, and input/output management. The lecture will continue in the next class to cover additional components such as networking, protection systems, and command interpreters. The document was prepared by Dr. Babekir A. Rahman Osman and provides his email for contact.

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41 views10 pages

Lec-2-Operating System Structure

This document outlines the structure of an operating system lecture on operating system components. It discusses the standard components of an operating system including process management, main memory management, file management, secondary storage management, and input/output management. The lecture will continue in the next class to cover additional components such as networking, protection systems, and command interpreters. The document was prepared by Dr. Babekir A. Rahman Osman and provides his email for contact.

Uploaded by

محمد ود الباترك
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Science Department

3rd Academics Year - Semester(6)

Operating System
Lec:2 : Operating System Structure

Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman


[email protected]
Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]
Operating System Structure
Operating System Structure based on the following Modules :

 1.System Components (Lec-2 & Lec-3)


 2.Operating System Services
 3.System Calls
 4.System Programs
 5.System Structure
 6.Virtual Machines
 7.System Design and Implementation
 8.System Generation

Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]


Operating System Structure
1. Common System Components :
The standard common system components are:

 1.1 Process Management.


 1.2 Main Memory Management.
 1.3 File Management.
 1.4 I/O System Management.
 1.5 Secondary Management.
 1.6 Networking.
 1.7 Protection System.
 1.8 Command-Interpreter System.
Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]
Operating System Structure
The standard common system components:
1.1 Process Management
A process is a program in execution:
 A process needs certain resources, including CPU time,
memory, files, and I/O devices, to accomplish its task.
. The operating system is responsible for the following activities
in connection with process management
 Process creation and deletion.
 Process suspension and resumption.
 Provision of mechanisms for:
- process synchronization
- process communication

Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]


Operating System Structure
The standard common system components:

1.2 Main-Memory Management


Memory is a large array of words or bytes, each with its own address.

 It is a location of quickly accessible data shared by the CPU and I/O devices.
. Main memory is a volatile storage device, It loses its contents in case of system
failure.
 The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections with
memory management :

1. Keep track of which parts of memory are currently being used and by whom.

2. Decide which processes to load when memory space becomes available.

3. Allocate and deallocate memory space as needed.

Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]


Operating System Structure
The standard common system components:

1.3 File Management :


A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator. Commonly,
files represent programs (both source and object forms) and data.

 The operating system is responsible for the following activities in


connections with file management :
1. File creation and deletion.
2. Directory creation and deletion.
3. Support of primitives for manipulating files and directories.
4. Mapping files onto secondary storage.
5. File backup on stable (nonvolatile) storage media.

Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]


Operating System Structure
The standard common system components:
1.4 Secondary-Storage Management
 Since main memory (primary storage) is volatile and too small to
Store all data and programs permanently, the computer system must
provide secondary storage to back up main memory.
. Most modern computer systems use disks as the principle on-line
storage medium, for both programs and data.
 The operating system is responsible for the following activities in
connections with Disk management :
 Free space management.
 Storage allocation
 Disk scheduling

Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]


Storage-Device Hierarchy

Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]


Operating System Structure
The standard common system components:
1.5 Input and Output (I/O) Management :
 The I/O system consists of:

 A buffer-caching system.
 A general device-driver interface.
 Drivers for specific hardware devices.
. Most modern computer systems providing verity types of I/O
system for user supports and applications needs.
 The operating system provides two types of standard I/O system :
 Basics I/O system (Keyboard , Standard Display).
 Advanced I/O system (Bluetooth , WAP support).

Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]


Operating System Structure - Components
 Process Management.
 Main Memory Management.
 File Management.
 Secondary Management.
 I/O System Management.
Next lecture we are explain the rest of an operating system
components :

 Networking.
 Protection System.
 Command-Interpreter System.
Prepare By : Dr.Babekir A.rahman Osman [email protected]

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