The Problem and Its Background: Due To The of The Pandemic, The Deped To To The As They Modalities To That To All and To
The Problem and Its Background: Due To The of The Pandemic, The Deped To To The As They Modalities To That To All and To
The Problem and Its Background: Due To The of The Pandemic, The Deped To To The As They Modalities To That To All and To
Introduction
Education is the only mean through which a society adjust with its needs.
Therefore, a society can never exist without education. Through education, the
members of the society learn the skills to enrich, transmit, and transform cultural
heritage as well as existing social and scientific knowledge for the continuous
advancement of the society. Teaching learning process has been inseparable to human
since ancient times. Leaders of human thoughts have endorsed memorable words
The spread of Covid-19 has brought a rapid change in the country not only in its
economic stability but also in the education system. Schools have been promptly locked
order of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, to suspend “face-to face” classes in adherence
Community Quarantine. With that, the Department of Education then had to shift and
continuous and quality learning among its students and yet promoting health
awareness.
Due to the fitness risk of the pandemic, the DepEd determined to convey education
knowledge of modalities to make sure that education is available to all and to make sure
the continuity of education. The unexpected transition from the conventional to new
knowledge of modalities have been presented through the DepEd for the college 12
stand with any or a mixture of online distance gaining knowledge of, modular distance
modality in which gaining knowledge of takes region among the trainer and the scholars
who're geographically remote from every different all through the coaching-gaining
(ODL) and TV/Radio-Based Instruction have been the varieties of distance gaining
seeks to provide college students with primary education of their houses with the useful
resource of parents, guardians, or tutors. With the rampant appearance of the COVID-
19 virus throughout the globe, lots of establishments, businesses, and schools were
forced to close in order to protect the health of the general public. Since its outbreak two
years ago, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted education systems globally, affecting
the most vulnerable learners the hardest. It has increased inequalities and exacerbated
handful of countries to up to more than a full school year. Lack of connectivity and
devices excluded at least one third of students from pursuing learning remotely.
Modular teaching approach is an extension and advanced shape of programmed
around a well- defined topic that contains the elements on instruction, specific
learners, which necessitate the planning for adaption of the most appropriate teaching
techniques in order to help the individual grow and develop at her/his own (Kandarp,
arranging learning experience in education and it has been receiving much attention.
The strategy of learning modules has become a part of all level teaching. A learning
module is a self- learning package dealing with one specific subject matter or unit. It
can be complete at the learner’s own pace (Ali et al. 2010). A module is a specific type
packages, with learning pace by each student according to his or her individual needs
and responsibility. A module covers either single element of subject matter content or a
group of content elements forming a discrete unit of subject matter or area of skill. The
use of self- learning modules in teaching is another form of individual used instructions.
This is called modular approach of teaching and learning (Valencia, 2020). Albaracin
and Suson (2019) stated that teachers have to provide activities which allow students to
work collaboratively. Thinking or designing activities that would arouse students’ interest
in their topic and that would cater their strengths and weaknesses are relevant.
debates about teaching and learning in higher inculcation but suggest that this may
teaching, there are many methods, which being used, and modular teaching is a new
has been getting much consideration. The system of taking in modules has turned into a
piece of all taking in bundle managing on particular topic/unit. It could be utilized within
any setting helpful to the learners own particular pace. Additionally, the basic idea of
Carl Rogers Facilitation Theory perceives a teacher as the key role in the process of
learning, not as a walking textbook transmitting its contents, but acts as the facilitator of
everyday life, which has meaning and relevance. Carl Roger’s theory involves the basic
premise that the goal of education must be the facilitation of change and learning.
Learning is to facilitate to let the student participates responsibly in the learning process.
When the learner chooses his own directions, helps to discover his own learning
resources, formulates his own problems, decides his own course of action, and lives
with the consequences of these choices, then significant learning is maximized. Thus,
the use of modular instruction allows the learners to discover patterns, be responsible
for their own learning, as well as learn the new concepts presented to them. As a result,
identifiable skills or outcomes other than skills. It is short to make students use their
study time efficiently. It is essentially self-teaching, even though it may encourage group
work. It blends theory and practice and combines doing with reading and reflecting. It
provides a list of further readings and sources related to the skill being promoted. It
provides suggestions to students who are participating in the design of their own
projects, explanatory activities, and evaluation criteria. It is reality oriented in the sense
that it involves the students in real situation if not possible, tried to use stimulation
technique.
minimum standards, provide remedial units, provide basic education, upgrade content,
enhance competencies of teachers, integrate theory and practice, cater for individual
differences in learning, cater for different groups within one course, consolidate critical
approach, encourage mastery and encourage a change role for a teacher. He also
defined module as the one that provides opportunity for organizing numerous
sequences of experience to reflect special interest of the teacher or the student. Self-
instructional units allow teachers to focus on the student deficiencies in subject that
must be corrected and serve to eliminate the necessity of the covering subject already
known to the student. It provides a way of assessing students’ progress and learning.
The independent nature of self-instructional units facilitated the updating study material
without major revisions. It serves as model for teachers who wish to develop their own
In Jesus J. Soriano National High School, the school has proposed a modular
type of learning for the Senior High School Students of S.Y. 2021-2022 due to the threat
of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The faculty of teachers have been observing the
performance of the students using this new approach in learning. This motivated the
Approach (MLDA) to the Student Experience of the Grade-12 Humanities and Social
1.1. Sex
1.2. Strand
2. What is the level of modular learning approach among grade 12 of the senior high
3.1. Sex
3.2. Strand
Hypotheses
the administration about the effectiveness of modular approach to the graduating Senior
High School ABM and HUMSS students of Jesus J. Soriano. By this, they can formulate
techniques in dealing with the modular approach of teaching to the graduating Senior
Teachers. The information derived from this study may offer them suggestions
for planning and improving the effectiveness of modular approach to the students.
Parents. This study will help parents because this research will give them idea
Future researchers. The result of this study may serve as a baseline data for
graduating Senior High School students of Jesus J. Soriano Aside from this, the
Strands of Jesus J. Soriano, S.Y. 2021-2022. The researchers will use the stratified-
random sampling method that will composed of fifteen (15) students from Grade 12-
HUMSS and fifteen (15) students from Grade 12- ABM a total of 30 respondents. To
specify, 8 female and 7 male (HUMSS) and 7 female and 8 males (ABM). The
researchers will conduct a survey by giving the respondents a checklist via Messenger
effectiveness of the modular approach to the graduating Senior High School students of
Modular Approach
According to Bashmakova (2014), using the modular approach, the teacher could
control the process of teaching a large number of students at the same time.
education in 1960s in the English- speaking countries of Europe and the United States.
The term “module” is borrowed from the computer science, has become firmly
established in the basic vocabulary of pedagogy. There are many derivatives with the
(2012), defines the modular approach as “an information block, including a logically
and a guidance for didactic objectives to be achieved.” V.V. Karpov and M.N.
Kakhtanov, was also cited by Lapp (2012) argued that a module is an “organizational
Modular teaching is one of the most widespread and recognizes teaching- learning
considers the individual differences among the learners which necessitate the planning
for adoption of the most appropriate teaching techniques in order to help the individual
at the National University of Rwanda. Students reported that they learned best when the
teaching was less theoretical, and they could work through material using practical
they need a greater access to outside materials that might be available through the
library and the internet. Overall, the Rwandan students reported greater satisfaction with
the modular, self- directed approach to learning than with the more traditional style
previously used in the classroom. The module comprises two parts: cognitive
the first part is to equip students with theoretical knowledge, whereas the second part
develops professional skills. The advantage of the modular teaching approach is that
learners can independently study the proposed program, including goals, objectives,
theoretical information, practical exercises and final test. He added, the module always
starts with formulation of the integrating goal, which should ensure the achievement of
the overall goal of learning. This part is followed by the information block, which
explains the material being studied, after which all uses and examples are given. This
unit allows to save time that otherwise would be spent on searching for the necessary
material, and its content helps a teacher explain grammar rules (Bashmakova, 2012).
traditional method of using a textbook is meant to increase active learning and improve
critical thinking, as well as problem solving skills. It is given the lecturer the opportunity
their own styles, and their contents, depth of coverage of materials, and organization,
may affect the teaching and learning environment. Thus, the use of a module presents a
more flexible learning environment for both instructors and learners (Cheng & Abu
Bakar, 2017).
The objective of the module is to deliver resources to teachers that will let them
of gauging the work (Sejpal, 2013). Malik (2012) on her study about the effects of
addresses the differential effect on the student’s general comprehension taught through
modular and traditional teaching approaches at secondary level. The study was
applying statistical package for social science through independent sample test.
Conclusions showed that there were significant differences between modular and
through modular approach gained higher mean score in teacher made general
comprehension-based test than students taught trough traditional approach. Findings
students where male students performed significantly better than female students on
Modular instruction is one of those teaching approaches where the students have
to learn everything in the module using his own pace. This method differs from the
traditional one wherein a teacher presents the lesson and the students just listen to
learn the concepts presented. To surpass the difficulties faced by the students in the
Academic Achievements
investigation and key advances, such as Binet and Simon’s creation of the first IQ test.
Woolfolk 2007 is an introductory textbook that provides theoretical and empirical insight
into that factors that influence academic accomplishment and its evaluation. However,
Assessment, PISA). Walberg (1986) emphasize the value of research syntheses (such
Spinath (2012) suggests that it is more fair to speak about “predictors” rather than
academic achievement on an international basis. Furthermore, for the first time, these
studies have allowed countries to compare and evaluate their educational system with
those of other countries. However, it should be noted that this technique may overstate
research has increased the focus on the importance of family background and
teaching quality as a predictor of student achievement has been emphasized. There are
Student Satisfaction
education. It includes a single topic or subject matter piece created particularly for a
single topic or subject matter piece created particularly for the needs of students in
every discipline in order to achieve the desired results of learning (Sadiq & Zamir,
2014). A well-thought-out learning. The module efficiently supports the teaching and
learning process achieving program objectives (Matanluk et al.,2013). The students are
not only encouraged to continue their education at university, but to provide quality
education to pupils even in times of crisis while student satisfaction with online learning
has increased, recently (Adnan & Anwar, 2020; Bahasoan et al., 2020), modular
Education the sector has been undergoing significant changes as a result of the
one example is the transfer face-to-face classes to online classes. Schools can use
online and/or remote learning. In light of the just mentioned students’ happiness with
modular learning has not been proven in studies. Much investigation satisfaction with
explained it thoroughly. And Rowley (1998), the satisfaction ratings of pupils clearly
provide as a result, pupils’ learning chances and improvement are affected. Academic
and identified by educational institutions. That will meet the pupils’ need and
Extracurricular activities (or extra academic activities) are activities that students
participate in outside of the regular school or university curriculum. These activities are
typically non-paying, social, and philanthropic, rather than mandated (as opposed to
scholastic).
activity/activities. Physical exercise, which included gym and sport related activities; (2)
listening to music; (3) reading; and (4) social activities, which included political or
volunteering.
which refers to severe fatigue caused by study demands and represents the basic
individual stress component of the syndrome; cynicism, which refers to the student’s
mental distance from his or her studies or excessively detached responses to other
Emotional exhaustion was measured with five item (e.g., “I feel emotionally
drained by my studies”). Cynicism was measured with four item (e.g., “I have become
more cynical about the potential usefulness of my studies”). And academic efficacy was
measured with six items (e.g., “In my opinion, I am a good student”). All items were
(Strongly agree). High scores on emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and low scores on
Student’s Preparedness
High school education prepares the students to pursue college education. As the
passionate teacher William Hundert stressed in the movie “The Emperor’s Club”
(Hoffman,2002), “the end depends upon the beginning”. If this statement is assumed to
be true, the college academic performance depends upon the high-school academic
research.
Santelices (2007) indicated that the high-school grade point average (HSGPA) is a
good predictor not only during the first year but in the overall fourth year college
academic performance. A similar study by Hodara and Lewis (2017) in Alaska found out
English and Math than the standardized college entrance examinations. Therefore, it is
safe to say that there is a grain of truth in the movie tagline mentioned above. The
education. Six years is devoted for the elementary school and another six years is
kinder school before being admitted to the elementary school. However, before 2013,
there were three countries in the world that only have ten-year period of basic
education, elementary and high school combined, before being admitted to college.
These countries were Angola, Djibouti and the Philippines (CHED K to 12 Transition
Program, ND).
Theoretical Framework
students to communicate with one another and the world. Students use a wide variety of
visual modes to share and document their learning, which helps to refine their visual
design skills. As a result, students think more effective modern communicators. Self-
learning, the locus of control and influence shifts back to the students. They begin to
have greater self-determination and freedom over their learning. As a result, there
seems to be a renewed and genuine passion for coming to school and learning.
from the noun constructivism which specifies the theory about the nature of reality and
the theory of knowledge and meaning from their experiences, mental structures, and
belief that are used to interpret objects and events. Constructivism focuses on the
importance of the individual knowledge, beliefs and skills through the experience of
knowledge and new information. Individuals can accept new ideas or fit them into their
established views of the world. Constructivist learning theory about how people learn. It
Conceptual Framework
a. Academic Achievements
Modular Distance Learning b. Student Burnout Level
Approach (MDLA)
c. Student Satisfaction
d. Student Preparedness
Figure 1. Schematic diagram on the effects of the modular approach to the graduating
Learning Approach (MDLA) to the Student Experience of the respondents. The Student
Experience of the respondents will be measured using four (4) sub-variables namely:
Preparedness measures
how prepared are the students for the next path they will be taking.
performance of the students. The focal point therefore is on how the students manage
to adapt to the modular approach. The diagram in Figure 1 shows relationship of the
variables of the study. The researchers were interested to determine the effects of
modular approach to the selected Grade 12 – ABM and HUMSS graduating students in
Definition of Terms
understanding.
and teachers.
Self- determination- A trait that a students need to possess in dealing with the
teaching.
Strand- (a) the disciplines within a learning area, e.g. history, geography, economics
and civics under 'social studies', each with its own associated goals
for learning; (b) domains that group the related general and specific
Burnout- feeling empty and mentally exhausted, devoid of motivation, and beyond
caring.
Student Preparedness- how prepared are the students for the next path they will be
taking.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the research procedure employed in the study. It includes
the research design, locale of the study, research instruments, data gathering
Research Design
and the experiences of the graduating Senior High School student of Jesus J. Soriano.
Through this research design, the researchers may determine the experiences of the
This study was conducted at Jesus J. Soriano National High School S.Y. 2021-
2022. This school is one of the schools where the students have different experiences
in tackling the new method of education. There are also mixed reactions about the
modular approach so this school is the chosen place where this study will be held.
Respondents of the study
The respondents of the study are the Senior High School students of Jesus J.
Soriano. The respondents were composed of fifteen (15) students from Grade 12-
HUMSS and fifteen (15) students from Grade 12-ABM with a total of 30 respondents.
The researchers picked 8 female and 7 male (HUMSS) and 8 male and 7 female
This means that the researchers will gather all the names of the students of grade 12-
HUMSS and Grade 12- ABM. From this, the researchers used the enrolment list to get
the whole population of grade 12 students and put in a glass bowl to fairly pick the
Research Instrument
researchers used the Likert Scale to measure the responses of the participants. The
survey form will consist of two parts. The first part will seek to collect the
sociodemographic profile information of the respondents and the second part will
contain the 5-point scale Survey Questionnaire. The main part of the survey will contain
statements that seeks to resonate or oppose with the personal opinions of the
respondents based on their experience with the Modular Distance Learning Approach
(MDLA). The respondents need only to respond among the choices of: Strongly
Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree, and Strongly Agree. The questions that indicated in
Questionnaire Survey.
In gathering the data, the researchers sent a letter to the principal for permission
to conduct the study. After getting the approval, the survey was then conducted to the
students in their spare time. The study was conducted on June 8, 2021. The
researchers gave detailed instructions and the students were allowed to asked
questions in the process in case they did not understand. The respondents were rest
assured that all the results of the study would be applied in research work only.
Data Analysis
The data were analyzed by setting the score of each scale. The researchers used frequency,
distribution, mean, and standard deviation to present the number of students in the effectiveness of
modular approach; and for significant difference between these variables, T-test and ANOVA was
used
CHAPTER 4
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:text=Modular%20approach%20is%20an%20emerging,and%20typically
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2020
Appendix A
Request for Validators
March 30, 2022
Jocelyn Rodriguez
SHS teacher
Jesus J. Soriano NHS
Dear Madam:
We, the researchers, would like to conduct a study about the “The effectiveness of
modular approach to the Graduating Senior High School Students of Jesus J Soriano.
for S.Y. 2021-2022”. In line with this, the researchers would like to ask a permission
from your good office to allow us to conduct our study on June 7, 2022. The survey will
be done through messenger application. Moreover, the data that we will be collected
can help the school administration as it will serve a baseline in identifying the
effectiveness of modular approach and can give suggestion and recommendation upon
achieving the result of the study.
We are hoping for your positive response. Thank you and God bless us all.
Very respectfully
Noted By:
Jocelyn Rodriguez
Subject teacher
Jesus J. Soriano NHS
Catalunan Grande, Davao City
Part 2. Likert Scale: Direction: Put a check in the box that corresponds with your
experiences in using modules.
5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Neutral
2- Disagree
1- Strongly Disagree
Compared to other
student, I can do most
tasks very well.
Student’s
satisfaction
I received appropriate
advice and support on
this module.
Student Burnout
Level
I feel emotionally
drained by my studies.
Students
Preparedness
I am now ready to go in
college.
I usually study in a
place where I can
read and work on
assignments without
distractions.
I am good at setting
goals and deadlines
for myself.
BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS
ITEM: ESTIMATED
COST:
I. Personal Expenses
Statistician 400
Binding 150
Materials 100
Total: 1,850
Appendix E
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Raily James Singag Dalagunan
Age: 19
Height: 5’6 cm
Weight: 51 kg
Sex: Male
Educational Background:
Motto: Courage doesn’t always roar. Sometimes courage is the quiet voice at the
Age: 19
Height: 5’5
Weight: 4’8
Sex: Female
Motto: Work hard on silence let your success make all noise.
Educational Background:
School level: Name of School Year Graduated
Elementary:
Junior High:
Senior High: Jesus J. Soriano National High School
Motto: Believe in yourself,
Believe you can and you will
Educational Background:
School level: Name of School Year Graduated
Elementary: Banganga Central Elementary School 2016
Junior High: Jesus J. Soriano National High School
Senior High: Jesus J. Soriano National High School
Motto: I stopped explaining myself when I realized other people only understand
from level of perception
Name: Bayron, Jessa S.
Present address: Sitio Guadalupe Catanihan Village
Davao City
Age: 19
Date of Birth: September 1, 2002
Height: 47
Weight: 36
Civil Status: Single
Sex: Female
Mobile Number: 09128263192
Name of Father: Jerondo Cedon
Name of Mother: Desibel Cedon
Address: Sitio Guadalupe Catanihan Village
Contact Number: 09128263192
Educational Background:
School level: Name of School Year Graduated
Elementary: Catalunan Grande Elementary School 2016
Junior High: Jesus J. Soriano National High School
Senior High: Jesus J. Soriano National High School
Motto: When you study hard you will get tired but despite all the tiredness will be
replaced by comfort when you achieved all your dreams
Educational Background:
Motto:
Educational Background:
School Level Name of School Year Graduated
Elementary: Catalunan Grande Elementary School
Junior High: Jesus J. Soriano National High School
Senior High: Jesus J. Soriano National High School
Motto: