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Final Questions (GIS)

GIS models can be categorized into four main types: binary models, index models, regression models, and process models. Binary models use logical expressions to select target areas meeting criteria. Index models calculate index values for areas and produce ranked maps. Regression models relate dependent variables to independent variables in equations. Process models integrate existing knowledge about environmental processes. GIS vector analysis includes buffering and overlay operations. Buffering creates zones within a specified distance of features, while overlay combines feature geometries and attributes. Overlay methods are based on Boolean connectors like AND, OR, and XOR. GIS queries include attribute queries using SQL, raster data queries isolating cell values, and vector data queries retrieving subsets from map layers stored in spatial

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38 views3 pages

Final Questions (GIS)

GIS models can be categorized into four main types: binary models, index models, regression models, and process models. Binary models use logical expressions to select target areas meeting criteria. Index models calculate index values for areas and produce ranked maps. Regression models relate dependent variables to independent variables in equations. Process models integrate existing knowledge about environmental processes. GIS vector analysis includes buffering and overlay operations. Buffering creates zones within a specified distance of features, while overlay combines feature geometries and attributes. Overlay methods are based on Boolean connectors like AND, OR, and XOR. GIS queries include attribute queries using SQL, raster data queries isolating cell values, and vector data queries retrieving subsets from map layers stored in spatial

Uploaded by

Adam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1. GIS models in details. (Four types of models).

Simplified representation of a system using geographic data called “Spatially explicit


models.”

Types:
1) Binary Models:
- Uses logical expressions to select target areas from a feature layer or multiple rasters.
- (1) True: for areas meet selection criteria.
- (0) False: for areas do not meet selection criteria.
Includes:
- Vector-Based Method.
- Raster-Based Method.
Applications:
- Siting analysis.

2) Index Models:
- Calculates the index value for each unit area.
- Produces a ranked map based on the index values.
Includes:
- Weighted Linear Combination.
Application:
- Suitability analysis.

3) Regression Models:
- Relates a dependent variable to independent variables in an equation, which can then be
used for estimation.
Includes:
- Linear regression, Local regression, and Logistic regression.

4) Process Models:
- Integrates existing knowledge about the environmental processes into a set of relationships
to quantify the processes.
- Environmental models are typically process models.
Includes:
- Critical Rainfall Model.
- Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation.
2. GIS Vector data analysis in details. (Buffering, Overlay).

- Uses points, lines, and polygons as inputs.


- Accuracy of analysis results depend on the accuracy of spatial features according
to location and shape.

Buffering:
- Creates two areas: (Buffer Zone) that is within a specified distance of selected
features, and the other area that is beyond.
- Buffering around points creates circular buffer zones.
- Buffering around lines creates elongated buffer zones around each line
segment.
- Buffering around polygons create buffer zones that extend outward the polygon
boundaries.

Overlay:
- Combines the geometries and attributes of feature layers to create the output.
- Geometry of the output represents the geometric intersection of features from
the input layers.
- Each feature on the output contains a combination of attributes from the input
layers, and this combination differs from its neighbors.
- Overlay operations are classified into point-in-polygon, line-in-polygon, and
polygon-on-polygon.

Overlay Methods:
All overlay methods based on the Boolean connectors of AND, OR, and XOR.

- Overlay operation is called Intersect if it uses the AND connector.


- Overlay operation is called Union if it uses the OR connector.
- Overlay operation is called Difference if it uses the XOR connector.
- Overlay operation is called Minus if it uses: [(input layer) AND (identity layer)]
OR (input layer).

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3. GIS Queries in details. (Attribute Queries, Raster Data query, Vector Data
Query).

- Attribute Queries: The process of searching and retrieving records in a database. this is
commonly performed using SQL.

- Raster Data Query: Uses Boolean connectors to isolate raster cell values from other cell
values and link them with cell values of other raster layers.

- Vector Data Query: The process of retrieving a data subset from a map layer by working
directly with the map features. Data are stored in attribute tables and spatial tables in a spatial
database.

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