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    Cooling Tower Principles and Calculation Design: Chemical Engineering Department

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    Shaun Patrick Albao
    The document discusses the principles and design of cooling towers. It explains that cooling towers use the evaporation of a small amount of water to lower the temperature of the remaining water through contact with air. The document outlines different types of cooling tower designs, including crossflow and counterflow towers, and induced draft versus forced draft. It also lists the main components of a cooling tower, such as fill material, basins, drift eliminators, louvers, nozzles, and fans/blowers.

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    Cooling Tower Principles and Calculation Design: Chemical Engineering Department

    Uploaded by

    Shaun Patrick Albao
    33 views34 pages
    The document discusses the principles and design of cooling towers. It explains that cooling towers use the evaporation of a small amount of water to lower the temperature of the remaining water through contact with air. The document outlines different types of cooling tower designs, including crossflow and counterflow towers, and induced draft versus forced draft. It also lists the main components of a cooling tower, such as fill material, basins, drift eliminators, louvers, nozzles, and fans/blowers.

    Original Description:

    Separation Processes, Unit Operations

    Original Title

    4. Cooling Tower

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    The document discusses the principles and design of cooling towers. It explains that cooling towers use the evaporation of a small amount of water to lower the temperature of the remaining water through contact with air. The document outlines different types of cooling tower designs, including crossflow and counterflow towers, and induced draft versus forced draft. It also lists the main components of a cooling tower, such as fill material, basins, drift eliminators, louvers, nozzles, and fans/blowers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views34 pages

    Cooling Tower Principles and Calculation Design: Chemical Engineering Department

    Uploaded by

    Shaun Patrick Albao
    The document discusses the principles and design of cooling towers. It explains that cooling towers use the evaporation of a small amount of water to lower the temperature of the remaining water through contact with air. The document outlines different types of cooling tower designs, including crossflow and counterflow towers, and induced draft versus forced draft. It also lists the main components of a cooling tower, such as fill material, basins, drift eliminators, louvers, nozzles, and fans/blowers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 34

    COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

    CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

    C H E 3 2 4 - S E PA R AT I O N P RO C E S S
    COOLING TOWER PRINCIPLES
    AND CALCULATION DESIGN

    Presented by:
    Rodrigo C. Baiño, Jr.
    Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department
    COOLING TOWER PRINCIPLES

    • A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchanger in which air and water are
    brought into direct contact with each other in order to reduce the water’s
    temperature.
    • The water sprays through nozzles onto banks of material called “fill,” which
    slows the flow of water through the cooling tower, and exposes as much
    water surface area as possible for maximum air-water contact. As the water
    flows through the cooling tower, it is exposed to air, which is being pulled
    through the tower by the electric motor-driven fan.
    • When the water and air meet, a small amount of water is evaporated, creating
    a cooling action. The cooled water is then pumped back to the condenser or
    process equipment where it absorbs heat. It will then be pumped back to the
    cooling tower to be cooled once again
    COOLING TOWER PRINCIPLES

    • The heat-transfer process involves (1) latent heat transfer owing to


    vaporization of a small portion of the water and (2) sensible heat transfer
    owing to the difference in temperatures of water and air.
    • Theoretical possible heat removal per pound of air circulated in a cooling
    tower depends on the temperature and moisture content of air.
    • Practically, the cold water temperature approaches but does not equal the air
    wet-bulb temperature in a cooling tower; this is so because it is impossible to
    contact all the water with fresh air as the water drops through the wetted fill
    surface to the basin.
    • Important factors are air-to-water contact time, amount of fill surface, and
    breakup of water into droplets.
    • In actual practice, cooling towers are seldom designed for approaches closer
    than 2.8°C (5°F).
    COMMON TYPES OF COOLING TOWER
    DESIGN

    • Not all towers are suitable for all applications. Cooling towers are designed
    and manufactured in several types, with numerous sizes available.
    • Understanding the various types, along with their advantages and limitations, is
    important when determining the right tower for a project
    COMMON TYPES
    OF COOLING
    TOWER DESIGN

    • Crossflow Cooling Towers


    • In crossflow cooling towers the water
    flows vertically through the fill while the
    air flows horizontally, across the flow of
    the falling water.
    • Because of this, air does not have to pass
    through the distribution system,
    permitting the use of gravity flow hot
    water distribution basins mounted at the
    top of the unit above the fill.
    • These basins are universally applied on all
    crossflow towers.
    COMMON TYPES
    OF COOLING
    TOWER DESIGN

    • Counterflow Cooling Towers


    • Counterflow cooling towers are designed
    so that air flows vertically upward, counter
    to the flow of falling water in the fill.
    • Because of this vertical airflow, it is not
    possible to use the open, gravity-flow
    basins typical in crossflow designs. Instead,
    counterflow towers use pressurized, pipe-
    type spray systems to spray water onto the
    top of the fill.
    • Since air must be able to pass through the
    spray system, the pipes and nozzles must
    be farther apart so as not to restrict
    airflow.
    INDUCED DRAFT VS. FORCED DRAFT
    COOLING TOWERS

    INDUCED DRAFT COOLING TOWERS HAVE AIR IS PUSHED BY BLOWERS LOCATED


    FANS THAT ARE TYPICALLY MOUNTED ON AT THE BASE OF THE AIR INLET FACE
    TOP OF THE UNIT AND PULL AIR THROUGH ON FORCED DRAFT TOWERS.
    THE FILL MEDIA
    MA IN
    COMPONENTS OF
    C OOLING TOWER

    • Fill
    • Water Basin
    • Drift Eliminators
    • Louvers
    • Nozzles
    • Fans/Blowers
    • Frame and Casing
    G2 L2

    G1 L1

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