The Carnatic Wars

The Carnatic Wars
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Dr. Mahipal Singh Rathore

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A Brief Background
Carnatic = name given by Europeans to the Coromandel coast
(Bay of Bengal coast in South India), and its interior regions.
1740 – Nizam Asaf Jah I of Hyderabad busy in wars against

the Marathas.
– The many successors and generals of the old Nizam
were already plotting how to achieve succession to the
throne, upon the Nizam’s death.
Mysore (a successor state of
the erstwhile Vijaynagar
Empire) was to the south of
Hyderabad.
Cochin and Travancore ruled

on the Malabar coast.
The Northern Circars were then a

part of the Hyderabad Nizamate.
Kingdoms on the East coast:
Madura (Madurai)
Tanjore (a line of the Marathas)
Trichinopoly
Carnatic Sultanate – officially a tributary

of the Hyderabad Nizam.
– Capital at Arcot (near Vellore).
The Royal House of Shivaji (Bhonsle Chhatrapatis)
Descended Descent later

from claimed from
Yadavas of Devagiri Ranas of Mewar
Jiyabai Shahji Takabai
Sambhaji Shivaji
Rulers of
Tanjore
Continued…
• Looking at Hyderabad’s decline, the EIC got ready to expand their
territories.
• Tanjore being ruled by a Maratha dynasty, gave Peshwa Balaji

Baji Rao and the greater Maratha Confederacy an excuse to
interfere in their politics.
1743 – Siege of Trichinopoly.
– 6 month long siege of
Trichinopoly, by the Nizam’s armies.
– Marathas surrendered the fort.
– Nizam gains control over the
Carnatic.
– Nizam restricts the activities of
the EIC and the French, by limiting
their access to ports and trading.
The English French Rivalry
1740 to 1748 – War of Austrian Succession in Europe.
– France’s ruling Bourbon dynasty were related
to the powerful Hapsburg’s of Austria.
Britain and Hapsburgs of Austria

vs
France, German states (Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony), Spain
• The English and the French were competing with each other
to establish their supremacy in Europe.
Their struggles spilled over to the rest of the world and

India.
• To gain superiority in India, both of them used the political

turmoil in India (as a result of the decline of the Mughal
Empire) and indulged in internal politics.
• The Anglo-French rivalry in India was manifested in the

Carnatic region, first.
First Carnatic War
Timeline = 1746 to 1748.
How did it begin?
English Navy captured French merchant ships, to provoke

France in Asia (already War of Austrian Succession was
going on).
French were relatively weak in India.

• France led by their governor – Joseph Francis Dupleix –
retaliated.
• La Bourdonnais (Governor of Mauritius) brought the French

Navy to help.
• English asked for help from Anwaruddin, Nawab of Carnatic

(Arcot).
• French asked for help from Chanda Sahib (Brother-in-law of

Anwaruddin).
1746 – Battle of St. Thome or Battle of Adyar.
– France vs Nawab Anwaruddin.
– Small French force under Captain Paradise defeats the
large army led by Mahfuz Khan, on the banks of river Adyar.
– Madras captured by the French.
1748 – Treaty of Aix-La Chapelle.

– Madras handed back to the British.
– Britain hands over French territoties in North America.
This war proved:
• The superiority of modernized European armies over Indian
troops.
• The importance of a navy, in wars in southern India.

Second Carnatic War
Timeline of the war: 1749 to 1754.
How did it begin?
1748 – Death of Nizam Asaf Jah I.

– Asaf Jah’s son Nasir Jung becomes the new Nizam
of Hyderabad.
– Muzaffar Jang (Asaf Jah’s daughter’s son)
challenges this accession, claiming that he has been
appointed the viceroy of Deccan by the Mughal Emperor.
1748 – Marathas release Chanda Sahib (brother-in-law of the
Nawab of Carnatic) from captivity, aiming a succession war
among their rivals.
– Chanda Sahib challenges the authority of Nawab
Anwaruddin of Carnatic.
The French supported Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jang.
The EIC supported Nawab Anwaruddin and Nasir Jung.

FRENCH English
DUPLEIX ROBERT CLIVE
ARCOT CHANDA SAHIB ANWARUDDIN,

Mohammed Ali
HYDERABAD MUZAFFAR JUNG NASIR JUNG

1749 – Battle of Ambur (near Vellore)
– Anwaruddin defeated and killed by the joint forces of
the French, Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung.
– Nasir Jung murdered by a noble.
– French backed Nizam and Nawab succeeded –
Dupleix’s power at its height.
– Anwaruddin’s son Mohammad Ali seeks British
support to capture throne of Arcot.
– EIC loses areas near Pondicherry, areas on the Orissa
coast, and Masulipatnam, to the French.
1751 – Robert Clive captured Arcot in a daring attack, with
only 210 men.
– Defended it for 53 days from Chanda Sahib’s 4000
strong army.
1752 – Mysore, Tanjore and Marathas come to support Clive,

by attacking Chanda Sahib and the French at Trichinoply and
Kaveripakkam.
– Chanda Sahib defeated and killed at Tanjore.
– Mohammad Ali becomes Nawab of Arcot.
1754 – Dupleix recalled to France, by his bosses.

1754 – Treaty of Pondicherry.
– EIC and French agreed not to interfere in the
affairs of the native princes.
– Both European powers will hold their own
territories in India.
3rd Carnatic War
Timeline of the war: 1758 to 1763.
1756 to 1763 – Seven Years’ War in Europe.

– Britain and France against each other.
1758 – French Army captured EIC’s forts at Vizianagram and

St. David.
– EIC retaliated by drowning French ships at
Masulipatnam.
• EIC defeats French and expels them from Bengal
(Chandernagore, Kasimbazar, Balasore).
Chandernagore is bombarded and completely destroyed.
1759 – EIC capture Northern Circars from the Hyderabad

Nizam (Masulipatanam).
1760 – Battle of Wandiwash (Vandavasi in TN).

– French defeated heavily.
1761 – EIC captures Pondicherry.
1763 – Treaty of Paris.

– French allowed to retain factories in Pondicherry and
Chandernagore but no military expansion further.
– French power demolished in India.
**Even after the wars, French tried to limit English dominance by

helping anti-company rulers like Tipu Sultan but they ultimately
failed.
Causes of France’s failure
1. Commercial and naval superiority of the English.
2. Lack of support from the French government.
3. French had support from locals only in the Deccan

but the English had a strong base in Bengal.
4. English had three important ports – Calcutta,

Bombay and Madras but French had only
Pondicherry.
5. Difference of opinion between the French
Generals.
6. England’s victory in the European wars decided the

destiny of the French in India.
Importance
• Fighting on foreign soil
• Meddling in Internal affairs
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The Carnatic Wars

Dr. Mahipal Singh Rathore

Pathfinder Telegram Channel : https://t.me/pathfinder_upsc

12 MONTHS - ₹6,500 SSC 12 MONTHS - ₹5,850

1740 – Nizam Asaf Jah I of Hyderabad busy in wars against

Cochin and Travancore ruled

The Northern Circars were then a

Carnatic Sultanate – officially a tributary

Descended Descent later

Jiyabai Shahji Takabai

• Tanjore being ruled by a Maratha dynasty, gave Peshwa Balaji

Britain and Hapsburgs of Austria

Their struggles spilled over to the rest of the world and

• To gain superiority in India, both of them used the political

• The Anglo-French rivalry in India was manifested in the

How did it begin?

English Navy captured French merchant ships, to provoke

French were relatively weak in India.

• La Bourdonnais (Governor of Mauritius) brought the French

• English asked for help from Anwaruddin, Nawab of Carnatic

• French asked for help from Chanda Sahib (Brother-in-law of

1748 – Treaty of Aix-La Chapelle.

• The importance of a navy, in wars in southern India.

How did it begin?

1748 – Death of Nizam Asaf Jah I.

The French supported Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jang.

The EIC supported Nawab Anwaruddin and Nasir Jung.

ARCOT CHANDA SAHIB ANWARUDDIN,

HYDERABAD MUZAFFAR JUNG NASIR JUNG

1752 – Mysore, Tanjore and Marathas come to support Clive,

1754 – Dupleix recalled to France, by his bosses.

1756 to 1763 – Seven Years’ War in Europe.

1758 – French Army captured EIC’s forts at Vizianagram and

Chandernagore is bombarded and completely destroyed.

1759 – EIC capture Northern Circars from the Hyderabad

1760 – Battle of Wandiwash (Vandavasi in TN).

1763 – Treaty of Paris.

**Even after the wars, French tried to limit English dominance by

3. French had support from locals only in the Deccan

4. English had three important ports – Calcutta,

6. England’s victory in the European wars decided the

Join my link here:

Pathfinder Telegram Channel : https://t.me/pathfinder_upsc

Dr. Mahipal Singh Rathore

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