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    Grade 11 Physics Notes - Part Two: Friction

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    Aaron Kebede
    The document summarizes key concepts in grade 11 physics, including: 1) Friction is directly proportional to the normal force. For computing forces as vectors, defining appropriate axes and a coordinate system is important. 2) Newton's law of gravitation states the gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to their product and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 3) For planetary motion, the centripetal force on an orbiting object is provided by gravitational attraction, and the orbital velocity can be expressed in terms of gravitational acceleration.

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    Grade 11 Physics Notes - Part Two: Friction

    Uploaded by

    Aaron Kebede
    28 views3 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts in grade 11 physics, including: 1) Friction is directly proportional to the normal force. For computing forces as vectors, defining appropriate axes and a coordinate system is important. 2) Newton's law of gravitation states the gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to their product and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 3) For planetary motion, the centripetal force on an orbiting object is provided by gravitational attraction, and the orbital velocity can be expressed in terms of gravitational acceleration.

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    Physics Notes Grade 11 Ethiopia Dynamics part 2

    Original Title

    Grade_11_Part_Two

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    The document summarizes key concepts in grade 11 physics, including: 1) Friction is directly proportional to the normal force. For computing forces as vectors, defining appropriate axes and a coordinate system is important. 2) Newton's law of gravitation states the gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to their product and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 3) For planetary motion, the centripetal force on an orbiting object is provided by gravitational attraction, and the orbital velocity can be expressed in terms of gravitational acceleration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views3 pages

    Grade 11 Physics Notes - Part Two: Friction

    Uploaded by

    Aaron Kebede
    The document summarizes key concepts in grade 11 physics, including: 1) Friction is directly proportional to the normal force. For computing forces as vectors, defining appropriate axes and a coordinate system is important. 2) Newton's law of gravitation states the gravitational force between two masses is directly proportional to their product and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 3) For planetary motion, the centripetal force on an orbiting object is provided by gravitational attraction, and the orbital velocity can be expressed in terms of gravitational acceleration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Grade 11 Physics Notes - Part Two

    Aaron G. Kebede
    April, 2022

    Friction
    We saw that friction is directly proportional to the normal force. Thus,
    Ff α Fn
    Ff = µFn
    For computing forces as vectors, we should define axes and a coordinate system
    for the system. Let’s look at an object rolling down an inclined plane. In this
    case we define our axes so that the level of the incline is our X-axis and the line
    perpendicular be the Y-axis.

    In this case, choosing our axes this way helps us simplifies adding up forces.
    For a case where we have two boxes attached to each other with an inextensible
    string, we can define axes and compute forces as follows.

    As we see in the figure above, we separate the forces along the axes convenient
    to add up the forces.

    1
    Newton’s Law of Gravitation
    Newton’s law states that for two masses in space, there is a force of attraction
    between the two masses. The force is directly proportional to the product of the
    masses and inversely proportional to the square of the separation between them.

    Thus,
    M1 M2
    Fg α
    r2
    The constant of proportionality for this relationship is called the Gravitational
    Constant(G).
    GM1 M2
    Fg =
    r2
    One common phenomenon that always arises with gravitation is planetary mo-
    tion. In planetary motion, a smaller mass(such as a natural or artificial satellite)
    rotates about a larger mass(a planet).

    For an object moving about a circle, the net force acting on it around its radial
    axis is called the centripetal force(Fc ). It is given by:

    V2
    Fc = m
    r
    In planetary motion, an object’s(m) motion around a larger mass(M) can be
    effectively considered circular and if we assume the only force acting between
    the two to be gravitation, we have the following.

    Fc = Fg

    V2 GM m
    m =
    r r2
    GM
    V2 =
    r
    r
    GM
    V =
    r
    This velocity, V, is called the orbital velocity of the smaller mass around the
    larger mass. We see that its independent of the mass of the smaller object. Thus,
    we can express the velocity just in terms of the gravitational acceleration(g).

    GM
    g=
    r2
    Thus, r
    GM
    V = r
    r2
    √
    V = gr

    2
    Law of Conservation of Momentum
    Whenever we hear the word momentum, we , we get the implication of a ten-
    dency to continue on course—to move in the same direction—and is associated
    with great mass and speed. It is important to recognize that this momentum
    is a vector quantity and hence the direction to which the object is moving is
    important.

    The linear momentum of an object, denoted by P, is given by:

    P = mv

    Let’s assume there is a an isolated system where the net force acting on it is,
    we have the following:
    F = ma
    vf − vi
    F = m( )
    t
    F t = m(vf − vi )
    IF the net force is 0, we have the following

    0 = m(vf − vi )

    mvf − mvi = 0
    Pf − Pi = 0
    ∆P = 0
    This implies that the change in momentum of an isolated system where the net
    force on it is 0, the linear momentum of the system is conserved.

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