Engineer

ingDat
aAnal
ysi
s
Lear
ningAssessment
sinModul
e8

Name:Lumapas,JamesDar
elG.
Off
eri
ngno.
:Y045

Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty8.
1
Per
for
m asi
ndi
cat
ed:
1.AnswerTRUEorFALSEt
hef
oll
owi
ng:
a)Ahypot
hesi
stestf
orwhi
cht
het
ypeIer
roroccur
swi
thpr
obabi
l
ity0.
02haspr
obabi
l
ityoft
ypeI
I
er
ror
equal
to0.
98.FALSE

b)I
fat
esti
ndi
cat
est
hatt
henul
lhy
pot
hesi
scanber
eject
edatt
he0.
05l
evel
ofsi
gni
fi
cance.
Then
t
het
est
wil
lal
sor
ejecti
tatt
he0.
10l
evel
ofsi
gni
fi
cance.TRUE

c)Wet
endt
orej
ectHof
orsmal
lp-
val
ues.TRUE

d)Thenul
landal
ter
nat
ivehy
pot
hesesar
eint
erchangeabl
e,t
hati
sthei
rrol
esi
n
st
ati
sti
cal
hypot
hesi
stest
ingar
ear
bit
rar
y.FALSE

e)I
fthedeci
sioni
stor
ejectt
henul
lhy
pot
hesi
s,t
heni
tisi
mpossi
blet
ocommi
tat
ypeI
Ier
ror
.TRUE

2.Foreachal
ter
nat
ivehy
pot
hesi
sgi
venbel
ow.St
atet
henul
lhy
pot
hesi
s.
a)Themeanageofj
uni
orengi
neer
ingst
udent
satt
heVi
say
asSt
ateUni
ver
sit
yisnot20y
ear
s.

Answer:Themeanageofj
uni
orengi
neer
ingst
udent
satt
heVi
say
asSt
ateUni
ver
sit
yis
equalt
o20year
s.
b)Thepr
opor
ti
onofengi
neer
shav
ingameanmont
hlyi
ncomeofl
esst
hanPhP50,
000i
slesst
han
1/
2i n
Region8.

Thepropor
ti
onofengi
neer
shav
ingameanmont
hlyi
ncomeofl
esst
hanPhP50,
000i
sequalt
o
1/2i
n
Regi
on8.
c)Themeanhei
ghtoft
hebui
l
dingsof30ormor
est
ori
esi
nal
argeci
tyi
smor
ethan700f
eet
.

Themeanhei
ghtoft
hebui
ldi
ngsof30ormor
est
ori
esi
nal
argeci
tyi
sequalt
o700f
eet
.
d)Thenewmet
hodi
sbet
tert
hant
hepr
esentmet
hod.
Thenewmethodi
snotbet
terthanthepresentmethod
e)Theuseofanewr
awmateri
alasbinderi
mpr ovest
hestrengt
hoft
heconst
ruct
ionmat
eri
al.

Theuseofanewr
awmat
eri
alasbi
nderdoesnoti
mpr
ovet
hest
rengt
hoft
heconst
ruct
ion
mater
ial
 Lesson8.
2Lear
ningAct
ivi
ty
Per
for
m asi
ndi
cat
ed:
1.Anelectri
calf i
rm manufact
uresli
ghtbul
bsthathaveali
feti
met hatisapproxi
mately
normallydi
stri
butedwithameanof800hour sandastandarddeviat
ionof40hour s,Testt
he
hypothesisthatμ=800hoursagainsttheal
ter
nati
veμ≠800hoursifar andom sampleof30
bulbshasameanl i
feof788hours.Usea0.05level
ofsi
gnifi
cance.
Thenul
landal
ter
nat
ivehy
pot
heses:
Ho:
μ=800hour
s;t
hemeanl
i
feofl
i
ghtbul
bsmanuf
act
uredbyt
heel
ect
ri
cal
fir
mis
800hour
s
Ha:μ≠800hours;
themeanl
i
feofl
i
ghtbul
bsmanuf
act
uredbyt
heel
ect
ri
cal
fir
mis
not800hours.
Desi
redl
evel
ofsi
gni
fi
cance:
∝=0.
05

Testst
ati
sti
c:Z,
sincet
hepopul
ati
onv
ari σ2i
ance, sknown.

Gi
ven:x=788hour
s( emean)σ=40hour
sampl s(popul
ati
onst
andar
ddev
iat
ion)
,
andn=30l
ightbul
bs.
Thev
alueofourt
estst
ati
sti
cZi
s

ZC

Deci
sionrul
eandcri
tical
region:
Cri
ti
calregi
on/Regi
onofr ej
ecti
on:
All
val hatZ≤-
uesofZsucht 1.96andZ≥1.
96.

Tof
ind
Z ,weneedt
oknowt
hat

P( 24<Z<
Z )=(
1-
∝)
So,

P(
Z<
Z )=(
1-

P(
Z<
Z

P(
Z<
Z z
025=
0. 1.
9+0.
06=1.
96

Deci
siononHo:
|
ZC| 96=|
≥1. 64|
−1. ≥1. 64≥1.
96=1. 96
Si
nce1.64isnotgreat
ert
hanorequal
to1.
96,
wedonotr
ejectt
henul
lhy
pot
hesi
sat0.
05
l
evel
ofsigni
fi
cance.
Concl
usi
on:
Ther
eisnoreasont
obel
i
evet
hatt
hemeanl
i
feofl
i
ghtbul
bsmanuf
act
uredbyt
heel
ect
ri
cal
fir
m
i
snot
800hour
s.
Now,
usi
ngt
hep-
val
uei
nper
for
mingt
his
t
est
:Si
ncet
het
esti
stwo-
tai
l
ed,
wewi
l
l
hav
e

p-
val
ue =P(|
ZC|
≥1.
64/
Hoi
str
ue)

=P(Z≤−1.
64 /
Hoi
stue)+P(Z≥
r 1.
64 /
Hoi
str
ue)
=2P(Z≤−1.
64 /
Hoi
str
ue)
,int
ermsofar
eabel
ow.
=2(
0.0505)
=0.
101
Wit
hp- v
alue=0.
101gr
eat han∝=0.
ert 05,wedonotr
ejectthenull
hypot
hesis.Thus,
ther
eisnoreasontobeli
evet
hemeanl
if
eofl
i
ghtbul
bsmanufacturedbytheel
ect
ri
cal f
ir
mis
not800hours.

2.Testthehypot
hesist
hatthemeancontentofcontai
ner
sofapar ti
cularlubricanti
s10lit
ersif
thecontent
sofarandom sampleof10contai
nersar
e10.2,9.
7,10.1,10.3,10.1,9.8,
9.9,
10.4.
10.3,and9.8l
i
ter
s.Usea0.01level
ofsi
gnif
icanceandassumet hatt
hedi stri
but i
onofcontent
s
i
snor mal.
St
ep1.Thenul
landal
ter
nat
ivehy
pot
heses:
Ho:
μ=¿10l
i
ter
s;meancont
entofcont
ainer
sofapar
ti
cul
arl
ubr
icanti
s10l
i
ter
s
Ha:
μ≠10l
i
ter
s,meancont
entofcont
ainer
sofapar
ti
cul
arl
ubr
icanti
slesst
han10
l
i
ter
s
St
ep2.Desi
redl
evel
ofsi
gni
fi
cance:
∝=0.
01

St
ep3.Testst
ati
sti
c:T,
sincet
hepopul
ati
onv
ari σ2i
ance, sunknownandt
hesampl
esi
zei
ssmal
l

(
n=10)
. =10.
06l
i
ter
s

s
s s=
0.
2458l
i
ter
s
Thev
alueofourt
estst
ati
sti
cTi
s

t
C

St
ep4.Deci
sionr
uleandcr
it
ical
regi
on:

Cr
it
ical
regi
on/Regi
onofr
eject
ion:
All
val hatZ≤-
uesofTsucht 3.250andZ≥3.
250.
St
ep5.Deci
siononHo:

|
C|
t 250=|
≥3. 77|
0. ≥3. 77≥3.
250=0. 250
Si
nce0.77isnotgreat
ert
hanorequal
to3.
250,
wedonotr
ejectt
henul
lhy
pot
hesi
sat0.
01
l
evel
ofsigni
fi
cance.
St
ep6:Concl
usi
on:
Ther
eisnoenoughevi
dencetosayt
hatt
hemeancont
entofcont
ainer
sofapar
ti
cul
ar
l
ubri
canti
slesst
han10li
ter
s.
Now,
usi
ngt
hep-
val
uei
nper
for
mingt
his
t
est
:Si
ncet
het
esti
stwo-
tai
l
ed,
wewi
l
l
hav
e
p-
v ue=P(|
al t|
≥0.
77 /
Hoi
str
ue)
atv=9

=P(t
≤−0.77 /
Hoistue)+P(Z≥
r 0.77/Hoi
strue)atv=9
=2P(t≥0.
77 /Hoi
strue)
,int
ermsofar
eabel
ow.
>2(
0.1)
>0.
2
Wit
hp-val
ue>0.
2gr
eat han∝=0.
ert 05,wedonotr
ejectt
henul
lhypothesi
s.Thus,
ther
e
i
sno
r
easontobeli
evethatt
hemeancontentofcontai
ner
sofaparti
cul
arl
ubr
icantisl
essthan10
l
i
ters.

Lesson8.
3Lear
ningAct
ivi
ti
es
1.Atelevi
sionmanufactur
erclaimsinit
swar r
ant ythatinthepast,l
essthan15%ofi t
s
tel
evi
sionsetsneededanyrepairduri
ngtheirf
irsttwoy earsofoperat
ion.I
nordertotestt
he
val
idi
tyofthisclai
m,agovernmenttesti
ngagencysel ectsasampl eof100set sandfi
ndsthat
12setsrequiredsomerepairwi
thinthei
rfi
rstyearofoper ati
on.I
sthemanuf actur
er'
sclai
m
val
id?Testat0.01level
ofsignifi
cance.
(Al
medaetal .2010)
 St
ep1.Thenul
landal
ter
nat
ivehy
pot
heses:
Ho:p=0.
15;
thepropor
ti
onoft
elev
isi
onset
sthatneededanyr
epai
rdur
ingt
hei
rfi
rstt
wo
y
ear
soperat
ioni
s0.15.

Ha:p<0.
15;t
hepr
opor
ti
onoft
elev
isi
onset
sthatneededanyr
epai
rdur
ingt
hei
rfi
rstt
wo
y
ear
sofoper
ati
onisl
esst
han0.
15

St
ep2.Desi
redl
evel
ofsi
gni
fi
cance:
∝=0.
05

St
ep3.Testst
ati
sti
c:Z,
sincepoi
snotcl
oset
o0or1andncanbeconsi
der
edl
arge

y
12
Gi
ven:
^p= = =0. sampl
12( e
pr
opor
ti
on)
n 100
est
imatet
he
st
andarder
ror
oft
hesa
mplepoqo =¿ = ¿
n 100
se
pr
opor
ti
on
¿

Thev
alueofourt
estst
ati
sti
cZi
s

ZC√poqo/n 0.
0357

=-
0.84
St
ep4.Deci
sionr
uleandcr
it
ical
regi
on:

Rej fc
ectHoi
Z

Zc=≤−1.
9
6

Cr
it
ical
regi
on/Regi
onofr
eject
ion:
All
val hatZ≤-
uesofTsucht 1.96andZ≥1.
96.

St
ep5.Deci
siononHo:

Zc≤1. 84≤1.
96=−0. 96

Si
nce1.
25i
slesst
han1.
96,
rej
ectt
henul
lhy
pot
hesi
sat0.
05l
evel
ofsi
gni
fi
cance.
St
ep6.Concl
usi
on:
 At0.05level
ofsi
gnif
icance,
ther
eisenoughevi
dencetosaythatthepr
oporti
onoft
elev
isi
on
set
st hat
neededanyrepai
rduri
ngthei
rfi
rstt
woyearsofoper
ationisl
essthan0.
15.
Now,
usi
ngt
hep-
val
uei
nper
for
mingt
hist
est
:

p−v
alue i
str )
ue =0.
2005
Wit
hp-val
ue=0.
2005greaterthan∝=0. 05,wedonotr
ejectt
henullhy
pothesi
s.Thus,t
her
eis
nor
easontobeli
evetheproporti
onoftelev
isi
onset
sthatneededanyrepai
rduri
ngthei
rfi
rst
twoyear
sofoperat
ioni
slesst han0.
15

2.Af ive-y
earol dcensusrecordedthat20%oft hefamil
iesi
nal argecommuni tyli
vedbelowt he
pover t
ylevel.Todetermineifthi
spercentagehaschanged,arandom sampl eof400f amili
esis
studiedand70ar efoundtobel i
vingbel
owt hepov er
tyl
evel
.Doest hi
sfindi
ngindi
catethatthe
currentper centageoff
ami l
iesearni
ngincomesbel owthepovertylevelhaschangedfrom what
i
twasf ivey ear
sago?Per formatwo-tai
ledtestandset∝=0.05.( JohnsonandBhat t
acharyya,
2011)
St
ep1.Thenull
andalter
nati
vehypotheses:
Ho:p=0.20;
theproport
ionoffamili
esi
nal
argecommuni
tywhol
i
vedbel
owt
hepov
ert
y
0.
20 l
eveli
s

Ha:p≠0.20:
thepr
opor
ti
onoff
ami
l
iesi
nal
argecommuni
tywhol
i
vedbel
owt
he
pov
ert
ylevel
isnot0.
20

St
ep2.Desi
redl
evel
ofsi
gni
fi
cance:

∝=¿0.
05

St
ep3.Testst
ati
sti
c:Z,
sincepoi
snotcl
oset
o0or1andncanbeconsi
der
edl
arge

y
70
Gi
ven:
^p= = =0. sampl
175( e
pr
opor
ti
on)
n 400
est
imat
ethestandar
der
ror
of
thesamplepoqo
=¿ = ¿
n 400
se

pr
opor
ti
on¿
Thev
alueofourt
estst
ati
sti
cZi
s
ZC
St
ep4.Deci
sionr
uleandcr
it
ical
regi
on:

Rej
ectHoi
f
Zc
¿

Zc∨¿
¿ ≥1.
96

Cr
it
ical
regi
on/Regi
onofr
eject
ion:
All
val hatZ≤-
uesofZsucht 1.96andZ≥1.
96.

St
ep5.Deci
siononHo:
Zc∨≥1.
¿ 96=¿ 25∨≥1.
−1. 25≥1.
96=1. 96

Si
nce1.
25i
snotgr
eat
ert
hanorequal
to1.
96,
wedonotr
ejectt
henul
lhy
pot
hesi
sat0.
05l
evel
ofsi
gni
fi
cance.
St
ep6:Concl
usi
on:

Ther
eisnotenoughev
idencet
osayt
hatt
hepr
opor
ti
onoff
ami
l
iesi
nal
argecommuni
tywhol
i
vedbel
owt
hepov
ert
y
l
eveli
snot0.20

Now,
usi
ngt
hep-
val
uei
nper
for
mingt
hist
est
:Si
ncet
het
esti
stwo-
tai
l
ed,
we

wi
l
lhav
e

p-
v ue=P(|
al Z|
≥1.
25/
Hoi
str
ue)

=P(Z≤−1.
25/
Hoi
stue)+P(Z≥1.
r 25 /
Hoi
str
ue)

=2P(Z≤−1.
25 /
Hoi
str
ue)
,int
ermsofar
eabel
ow.

=2(
0.1056)

=0.
2112
Wit
hp-
val
ue=0.
2112great han∝=0.
ert 05,
wedonotr
ejectt
henull
hypot
hesi
s.Thus,
ther
eisnor
easont
obel
i
evet
he
pr
opor
ti
onoff
amil
iesi
nalar
gecommunit
ywholi
vedbel
owt
hepovert
ylevel
i
snot0.
20