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Problem Set 6. Statistics and Probability

The document contains 6 problems related to estimating parameters from sample data and calculating confidence intervals. The problems cover topics like finding the point estimate and 99% confidence interval of a population mean based on sample data, calculating confidence intervals for population means and proportions at various confidence levels, and determining the necessary sample size needed to estimate a proportion within a given level of accuracy and confidence. Formulas and step-by-step workings are provided for each problem.

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Lara Alocilja
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518 views

Problem Set 6. Statistics and Probability

The document contains 6 problems related to estimating parameters from sample data and calculating confidence intervals. The problems cover topics like finding the point estimate and 99% confidence interval of a population mean based on sample data, calculating confidence intervals for population means and proportions at various confidence levels, and determining the necessary sample size needed to estimate a proportion within a given level of accuracy and confidence. Formulas and step-by-step workings are provided for each problem.

Uploaded by

Lara Alocilja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Set 6

Estimation of Parameters

Answer the following problems (5 points each)

1. A survey of 30 households found that the mean age of an LED TV is 5 years.


Assuming the standard deviation of the population is 0.75 year; find the best
point estimate of the population mean and the 99% confidence interval of the
population mean.
Given: 𝑥̅ = 5, 𝜎 = 0.75, n = 30
The best point estimate of the population mean is 5 years. For the 99%
confidence interval use z = 2.576.
𝜎 𝜎
𝑥̅ − 𝑧a/2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑧a/2 ( )
√n √n
0.75 0.75
5 − 2.576 ( ) < 𝜇 < 5 + 2.576 ( )
√30 √30
5 − 0.353 < 𝜇 < 5 + 0.353
4.647 < 𝜇 < 5.353
Thus, one can be 99% confident that the mean age of LED TV is between 4.647
and 5.353, based on 30 LED TV.

2. Find the 90% confidence interval of the population mean for the income of
the executive secretaries in makati City. A random sample of 30 executive
secretaries . The data is in thousands of pesos.

17.0 14.0 20.0 18.2 14.5 15.0 25.3 20.1 21.9 22.6
23.0 17.4 19.0 16.0 13.0 16.0 30.2 19.0 16.3 14.6
13.0 17.0 25.0 15.9 14.0 22.7 18.3 17.0 15.8 18.2
∑ x 550
𝑥̅ = = = 18.3
n 30
∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑠=√ = 4.07
n−1
Find a / 2. Since the 90% confidence interval is to be used, a = 1 - 0.90 = 0.10 and
a / 2 = 0.10/2 = 0.05 .
Find za/2. Subtract 0.05 from 0.5000 to get 0.4500. The corresponding z value
obtained is 1.645.
s s
𝑥̅ − 𝑧a/2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + 𝑧a/2 ( )
√n √n
(Since n ≥ 30, s is used in place of 𝜎 when 𝜎 is unknown.)
4.07 4.07
18.3 − 1.645 ( ) < 𝜇 < 18.3 + 1.645 ( )
√30 √30
18.3 − 1.222 < 𝜇 < 18.3 + 1.222
17.078 < 𝜇 < 19.522
Thus, one can be 90% confident that the population mean income is between
P17,078 and P19,522, based on a sample of 30 executive secretaries.

3. A principal wishes to estimate the average number of hours students spend


doinghomework per week.The standard deviation from a previous study is 4.5
hours. How large a sample must be selected if he wants to be 95% confident of
finding whether the true mean differes from the sample mean by 2.1 hours?
𝛼 = 0.05 (or 1 − 0.95), 𝑧a/2 = 1.960, 𝜎 = 4.5, and E = 2.1
𝑧a/2 ∙ 𝜎 2
n=( )
E
(1.960) ∙ (4.5) 2
n=( ) = 17.64 ≈ 18
2.1
which is rounded to 18. Therefore, to be 95% confident that the estimate is within
2.1 hours of the true mean, the principal needs a sample size of at least 18
students.

4. A recent study of 19 students of San Rafael College showed that the mean of
the distance they travel to go to school was 10.2 km. The standard deviation of
the sample was 2.3 kilometers. Find the 99% confidence interval of the true
mean.
Given: 𝑥̅ = 10.2, 𝑠 = 2.3, 𝑛 = 19
Find a / 2 Since the 99% confidence interval is to be used, a = 1 - 0.99 = 0.01 and
a / 2 = 0.01/2 = 0.005
Find ta/2. Use 99% confidence interval width df=n-1=19-1=18.It is 2.878.
s s
𝑥̅ − ta/2 ( ) < 𝜇 < 𝑥̅ + ta/2 ( )
√n √n
2.3 2.3
10.2 − 2.878 ( ) < 𝜇 < 10.2 + 2.878 ( )
√19 √19
10.2 − 1.519 < 𝜇 < 10.2 + 1.519
8.681 < 𝜇 < 11.719
Thus, one can be 99% confident that the population mean of the distance
traveled is between 8.681 and 11.719, based on a sample of 19 students.

5. A sample of 350 engineering applicants included 140 women. Find the 95%
confidence interval of the true proportion of women who applied to the
engineering program.
Given: x = 140 and n = 350
𝛼 = 1 − 0.95 = 0.05 and za/2 = 1.960
p̂q̂ p̂q̂
p̂ − za/2 √ < p < p̂ + za/2 √
n n
140
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 p̂ = = 0.40, and q̂ = 1 − p̂ = 1 − 0.40 = 0.60
350
(0.40)(0.60) (0.40)(0.60)
0.40 − 1.960√ < p < 0.40 + 1.960√
350 350
0.40 − 0.051 < p < 0.40 + 0.051
0.349 < p < 0.451
34.9% < p < 45.1%
Thus, one can be 95% confident that the percentage of the applicants who are
women is between 34.9% and 45.1%.

6. A researcher wishes to estimate, 99% confidence, the proportion of college


professors with laptop computers. A previous study shows that 49% of those
interviewed had laptop computers. The researcher wishes to be accurate within
3% of the true proportion. Find the minimum sample size necessary.
𝛼 = 1 − 0.99 = 0.01, za/2 = 2.576, p̂ = 0.49, q̂ = 1 − p̂ = 1 − 0.49 = 0.51, and E = 3% = 0.03
z𝑎/2 2
𝑛=p ̂q̂( )
E
2
2.576
𝑛 = (0.49)(0.51) ( ) = 1842.53 ≈ 1843
0.03
Which when rounded up, is 1,843 college professors to interview.

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