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Textiles Revision Notes

This document discusses textiles and clothing. It covers the functions of clothing, soft furnishings, curtains, carpets and upholstery. It also discusses design features and principles as well as the fashion industry. Key terms like haute couture, pret-a-porter and accessories are defined. Factors influencing fashion trends are outlined. The document also covers classification and production of fibers like wool, silk, cotton and linen. Weaving, knitting and fabric finishes are explained. Methods for identifying fabrics are provided.

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Akili Armani
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385 views3 pages

Textiles Revision Notes

This document discusses textiles and clothing. It covers the functions of clothing, soft furnishings, curtains, carpets and upholstery. It also discusses design features and principles as well as the fashion industry. Key terms like haute couture, pret-a-porter and accessories are defined. Factors influencing fashion trends are outlined. The document also covers classification and production of fibers like wool, silk, cotton and linen. Weaving, knitting and fabric finishes are explained. Methods for identifying fabrics are provided.

Uploaded by

Akili Armani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ms.

Teeling Home Economics


Revision of Textiles In Use & Clothing
Functions of clothing: (F PIMPS)
 Flatter
 Protection from weather(cold, heat wind, wet)
 Identification
 Modesty
 Express Personality
 Safety

Soft furnishings: items other than furniture used to decorate a room. E.g. cushion, lampshade, curtains
Uses of textiles: curtains, kitchenware – tea-towels, bathroom, clothing, upholstery

Functions of curtains: privacy, keep out the draught, heat and insulation, decorate a room, keep out light
Carpets: carpet blends consisting of 80% wool and 20% nylon = hard-wearing, durable, resilient

Upholstery: the outer covering fabric/textiles of sofa/other furniture and the filling
inside

What does the symbol mean?

 Fabric and filling complies with 1988 fire safety regulations and is resistant to
cigarette and match ignition
 Upholstered furniture contains only combustion modified highly resilient
foam (CMHR)
.

Design features: Design principles: (BEPR)


1. Colour 1. Balance
2. Pattern 2. Emphasis
3. Shape 3. Proportion
4. Line 4. Rhythm
5. Texture

The fashion Industry


- Fashion fads: latest trend that comes and goes quickly. E.g: Poncho, loom bands
- Fashion trend: latest changes in fashion styles. Accepted by large numbers of people.
- Couturier: top fashion designers who design haute couture clothes shown at twice-yearly fashion
shows. Eg: Prada, Chanel, Louis Vuitton
- Haute couture: original designs produced by couturiers – expensive one-off pieces
- Pret-a-porter: ‘Ready-to-wear’ garments, based on haute couture designs. Less expensive
- Accessories: items worn to complement an outfit and draw emphasis to parts of an outfit E.g. jewellery

Factors that influence fashion trends:


 Fashion industry – couturiers, haute couture designs
 Public figures – royalty (Kate Middleton), actors (Kardashians), singers (Justin Bieber) and many
others. Items they wear often experience a surge in sales. Fashion brands may use celebrities for
advertising
 Technology – advances in technology has influenced the production of fashion, internet shopping,
machines to make clothes, new synthetic fabrics, brands use social media to advertise their clothes to
customers
 World events – major world events in the past influenced fashion trends – World War 1: women
employed in factories changed fashion – shorter hair (wouldn’t get caught in machines) and trousers.
Nylon was discovered during World War 2 – central part of the fashion industry.
Ms. Teeling Home Economics
Fabric Construction
Classification of Fibres:
Natural Manufactured
Animal Plant Synthetic Regenerated
Wool Linen Polyester Acetate
Silk Cotton Nylon Viscose

Production of wool:

1. Sheep is sheared
2. Fleece is graded, cleaned and dried Wool fabrics:
3. Wool is teased into fibres using brushes (carding) Gabardine, tweed, jersey, velour
4. Fibres are spun into yarn
5. Worsted fibres  fabrics: Staple fibres  knitting wool

Production of silk:
1. Silk is produced from the silkworm
2. Silk moth lays eggs and the new worms feed on the leaves of the mulberry tree
3. Worms spin silk cocoon Silk fabrics:
4. Cocoons are heated, soaked and the threads are removed Chiffon,
5. Threads are wound onto reels and spun into yarn Satin,
taffeta,
wild silk
Production of cotton:

1. Cotton fibres come from the boll of the cotton plant


2. The bolls are picked (by hand or machine) Cotton fabrics:
3. The fibres are separated from the seeds (Ginning) Denim, muslin, gingham, towelling
4. Cotton is graded according to the length of the fibres, combed and spun into yarn

Production of linen:

1. Stem of flax plant is pulled


2. Stem are left to soak for several weeks to rot (retting)
3. Fibres are separated from the woody parts
4. Fibres are combed and spun into yarn Linen fabrics:
Lawn, Cambric, Damask, Slub (LCD’S)
5. Yarn is bleached. Fabric is made

Wool Silk Cotton Linen


Desirable properties Warm Smooth Cool Cool
Absorbent Strong Absorbent Absorbent
Soft Drapes well Strong Strong
Crease resistant Crease resistant Washable Washable
Undesirable properties Irritates Flammable Creases easily Creases easily
Washing - damage Moths – damage Shrinks easily Shrinks easily
Moths - damage Sun – damage Damaged by Damaged by
mildew mildew
Ms. Teeling Home Economics
Fibres into fabric:

1. Spinning
2. Weaving
3. Knitting
4. Bonding fabric (non-woven: felt)

Weaving:

 Weaving is done on a loom


 It is the interlacing of yarns at right angles to each other
 Warp threads are stretched down the loom
 Weft threads are passed over and under the warp threads from one side to the other. The Weft
threads weave over and under e.g: tweed, denim, gabardine

*Straight grain: direction of the warp threads *Bias = the diagonal line of a fabric
Warp Weft

Warp

Straight grain
Bias Weft

Knitting:
 Linking/interlocking loops of yarn together into knots called stitches
 Done by hand or machine
 Uses – jumpers, hats, socks, tights
 Properties: stretchy, warm, comfortable, crease resistant

Denier: thickness of man-made fibres. Low number = finer yarn. E.g. 60 denier tights are lighter in
thickness than 120 denier tights

Fabric finishes: are a chemical treatment that improves the appearance or properties of a fabric
Finish Purpose Use
Flameproof Makes fabric less flammable Furnishing fabrics, children’s nightwear
Waterproof Prevents water getting through fabric Raincoats, sportswear
Crease resistant Makes crease fall out of fabric easily Shirts, dresses, trousers, curtains

Shrink resistant Prevents shrinking Clothing


Stain repellent Makes fabric more resistant to stains Carpets, upholstery fabric

Identifying fabrics: Burning test – hold sample over flame and observe
Fibre Approaching flame Burning Smell Residue
Cellulose fibres: Ignites as the flame Burns quickly Like burning paper Thin, grey ash
Cotton & linen draws nearer
Protein fibres: Fibres stick together Burns slowly and Like burning hair Dark, soft ash
Wool & Silk and curl away quenches
Nylon Melts and shrinks from Melts and burns Like celery Hard grey beads
flame slowly

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