Mukt Shabd Journal ISSN NO : 2347-3150

Opportunities in Tribal Entrepreneurship & MSMEs

Ms. Pooja Meena

Research Scholar-Doctoral Studies

Department of Business Administration

Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur (Rajasthan)

Dr. Sachin Gupta

Assistant Professor

Department of Business Administration

Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur (Rajasthan)

Dr. Sonal Pathak

Associate Professor

Faculty of Computer Applications

Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies

Faridabad (Haryana)

Abstract:

For the economic development of a country Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play
an essential role. With the low capital cost, the major advantage of MSMEs is job creation and
employability universally, for economic growth of country and promoting equitable development
The MSMEs have been established as the engine. The labor force of the MSME sector is much
higher than that of the large business enterprises. MSMEs sector plays the role of one of the
biggest contributors to GDP rate, job creation and for supply chain of large business. The
purpose of this paper is to find out the factors which are influencing the performance of Micro,
Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the tribal Areas of India. This Article intends to

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understand how the tribal entrepreneur’s faith in sustainability encourages them to develop and
enhance business opportunities.

Keywords: MSMEs, Entrepreneurs, Enterprises, innovation, Business, Growth, Economic.

Introduction:

The size of any business depends on the owner’s total capital. Small Businesses business does
not need lots of money, a smart entrepreneur can start his work with small amount of money the
main thing he needed is a unique Idea. Small business mainly consist toy making, Jewelry
making, furniture making, cloth and Garment manufacturing, repairing work, educational classes
etc. Variety of unique ideas comes from a great entrepreneurs mind, form the community of
people and so come the process of business, which does not only depend on the idea but the
sufficient amount of capital, work places, proper investments, market, competitions,
surroundings and many things. MSME and Tribal entrepreneur’s group are mainly dependent on
the crops and the products related to the agriculture. People with ideas mainly are working from
homes i.e handmade materials and handicrafts.

Micro, Small and Medium enterprises contribute to the expansion of foreign exchange earnings
with slightly import-intensive operations. Indian SMEs play an important role for the progress of
a country through domestic production, significant export income, low investment requirements,
competition in domestic and export markets and high contribution to generate new entrepreneurs
by providing knowledge and training. SMEs that have a strong technical base, innovative,
international business outlook, competitive spirit and willingness to restructure can easily fight
the current challenges. MSMEs constitute more than 70% of total enterprises in most economies.
MSMEs credited with creating the huge rates of employment growth and account for the major
share of industrial growth and exports. Even in Trial Areas, MSMEs play a significant role in the
overall industrial economy of the country.

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Estimated Number of MSMEs (Activity Wise)

Estimated Number of Enterprises (in lakh) Share

Activity Category
Rural Urban Total (%)
Manufacturing 114.14 82.5 196.65 31
Trade 108.71 121.64 230.35 36
Other Services 102 104.85 206.85 33
Electricity* 0.03 0.01 0.03 0
All 324.88 309 633.88 100
Note: *Non-captive electricity generation and transmission and distribution by units not
registered with the Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

State-wise Distribution of Enterprises:

S Estimated Number of MSMEs

State/UT
No Number (in lakh) Share (in %)
1 Uttar Pradesh 89.99 14

2 West Bengal 88.67 14

3 Tamil Nadu 49.48 8

4 Maharashtra 47.78 8

5 Karnataka 38.34 6

6 Bihar 34.46 5

7 Andhra Pradesh 33.87 5

8 Gujarat 33.16 5

9 Rajasthan 26.87 4

10 Madhya Pradesh 26.74 4

11 Total of above ten 469.36 74

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States
12 Other State/UTs 164.52 26
13 All 633.88 100

In recent years the MSME sector has registered a consistently higher growth rate than the overall
industrial sector. With its agility and mobility, the region has shown commendable innovation
and adaptability to survive the recent economic recession and recession. According to the
available data (fourth census of MSME sector), the sector employs an estimated 59.7 million
persons spread over 26.1 million enterprises. It is estimated that in terms of value, the MSME
sector accounts for about 45% of the production and about 40% of the country's total exports.
If we talk about tribal entrepreneurship, then it is really tribal people, instead of assuming that
economic development is the job of government, see entrepreneurship as rebuilding communities
and families and participating in restoring the nation's economy. Take it. Find ways to
demonstrate tribal support for entrepreneurs.

Distribution of Tribal Entrepreneurship and MSMEs:

MSMEs and Tribal Enterprises now a day’s reaching to the new heights by connecting
agriculture and forest produce with markets, it’s using technology, creations of self help groups,
for the same they are empowering women, they are now creating self sustainable enterprises, A
Number of Tribal Entrepreneurs are now changing the face of Tribal areas.

Male/ Female Ownership

Out of 633.88 lakh MSMEs, 608.41 lakh (95.98%) MSMEs were proprietary enterprises. There
has been overwhelming predominance of male owners in proprietary MSMEs. Thus, for
proprietary MSMEs as a whole, male owned 79.63% of enterprises as compared to 20.37%
owned by female. There was no significant deviation in this pattern in urban and rural areas,
although the dominance of male owned enterprises was slightly more pronounced in urban areas
as compared to rural areas (81.58% as compared to 77.76%).

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Percentage Distribution of Enterprises in rural and urban areas

(Male/ Female ownership category wise)

Sector Male Female All

Rural 77.76 22.24 100

Urban 81.58 18.42 100

All 79.63 20.37 100

Source: Annual Report 2018-19 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

(Government of India)

Percentage distribution of Enterprises by Male/Female Owners

Category Male Female All

Micro 79.56 20.44 100

Small 94.74 5.26 100

Medium 97.33 2.67 100

All 79.63 20.37 100

Source: Annual Report 2018-19 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

(Government of India)

MSME industries are not only providing jobs but also promoting entrepreneurship. Even the
ministry of Micro Small and Medium groups has taken several initiatives in the same to simplify
the process of registration for MSMEs. Our countries MSME policy launched by government
will follow the thought of no difficulty of doing business and amended labor laws, besides
providing facilitation center, better incentives and tax relaxations for industrial growth

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Ownership of Enterprises Social Category Wise:

Socially backward groups account for about 66.27% of the MSME, although it may have a much
larger share Attributed to ownership of OBC in 49.72%. Representation of SC and ST owners in
MSME The sector was lower at 12.45% and 4.10% respectively. In rural areas, about 73.67% of
MSME Socially backward groups were owned, of which 51.59% belonged to OBCs. In urban
Regions, about 58.68% belonged to socially backward groups of which 47.80% were To OBC.
Table 2.6: Percentage Distribution of enterprises by social group of owners

Sector Rural Urban All

SC 15.37 9.45 12.45

ST 6.7 1.43 4.1

OBC 51.59 47.8 49.72

Other 25.62 40.46 32.95

Not Known 0.72 0.86 0.79

All 100 100 100

Source: Annual Report 2018-19 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

(Government of India)

Percentage Distribution of Enterprises by Social Group of the Owner and

Category of Enterprise

Sector Micro Small Medium All

SC 12.48 5.5 0 12.45

ST 4.11 1.65 1.09 4.1

OBC 49.83 29.64 23.85 49.72

Other 32.79 62.82 70.8 32.95

Not Known 0.79 0.39 4.27 0.79

All 100 100 100 100

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Source: Annual Report 2018-19 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

(Government of India)

Objectives of the Study:

The objective of the Paper is to highlights the status of MSMEs and entrepreneurship in Tribal
areas and the growth of Small and Micro businesses in the country. The choices of business and
ideas and the opportunities along with the obstacles face the same group of people to be shown
and highlighted. Undoubtedly the government has taken so many actions for the growth of these
areas but till what extent these people are able to utilize and take benefits of the same. Same goes
with the Small and Micro businesses in the county is been studied and explored. The main
objectives of the paper are:

 To study the Role of Entrepreneurs in economical development of country.

 To analyze the factors affecting of SMEs sector in India.
 Find out the problems facing by MSMEs.
 To study the steps taken by our government for MSMEs sector the SMEs business to
enhance the economic growth.

Review of Literture:

Shah( 2018) the author concludes that the intersections of cooperation described above have an
important general feature. The process of enabling sustainable livelihoods through various
interventions is always accompanied by the production of new knowledge while preserving
indigenous knowledge. In the last 12 years of activity, the artisans of Tripura not only distributed
new technological artifacts, but also those valuable Also accumulated knowledge, scattered
across communities, which gave birth to new tribal entrepreneurs.

Singh (2014) the writer states that SMEs play an important role as one of the growth engines of
the Indian economy. In fact, they are playing an important role in the socio-economic
development of the country, with SMEs prevailing market conditions to facilitate further

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achievement and streamline objectives related to large scale employment generation, low
investment etc, Will need to align its offerings.

Pravesh (2016) in this article the writer states that tribal entrepreneurs are facing many
challenges for survival or survival in the competitions market. They do not have the
infrastructure facilities to liquefy their business idea or expand the existing enterprise. They are
facing financial challenges to start or disseminate their production process. Tribal entrepreneurs
have traditional skills and expertise that must be updated with new innovative techniques of
production. A networking and exchange system should be promoted by the government or tribal
entrepreneurs to exchange their services and consultations between them. Both the central and
state governments will be more interested in the promotion and development of tribal
entrepreneurship. A separate tribal chamber of commerce should be established by the
government or tribal entrepreneurs in the country.

Tambunan (2019) the authors point out that in the end, the findings of this study are important
for policy makers, not only in Indonesia but also for other developing countries for two main
reasons. First, with their vast numbers, MSMEs are indeed very important not only as a source of
employment, but, possibly, as an engine of growth for the economy. Second, MSE is a good start
for the development of women entrepreneurs. This means that these enterprises have an
important role in promoting women empowerment in developing countries, which is one of the
important goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) these days.

Behera (2018) the auteur states that MSMEs are an integral part of the Indian economy. Major
sources of finance used by MSMEs, and we find that most MSMEs use their own capital.
MSMEs have faced a situation due to excessive competition from large industries due to
withdrawal of subsidies, lack of infrastructure, anti-dumping policy, challenges on product
standardization, total quality management etc. by promoting the protection of MSMEs.

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Kachhal (2017) the book contains several articles about micro, small and medium enterprises
that play an important role in the economy of every country. They help to generate employment
in an unskilled, semi-skilled and efficient style, at a lower capital cost as these units are basically
labor intensive. They also sustain rural economies as many of these products are developed
indigenously in rural areas. Products are generally so unique that they offer great potential for
export and thus generate revenue in international currency. Due to low production costs and
cottage industries like the work environment, they can also hold themselves up during economic
instability. The MSME sector has considerable potential and potential to propel the Indian
economy. With little support from the government and financial institutions, these units are on
course to become pillars of development.

Saini (2014) the study concludes that finance is a major obstacle in the development of micro,
small and medium enterprises. The lower and middle class are able to lift themselves out of
poverty; It is ambitious and proactive to start new ventures and start businesses but due to lack of
capital most of the ideas are being dipped in the bud. This not only discourages aspiring
entrepreneurs, but also supersedes the growth of existing firms. In fact many other factors
slowing growth arise due to lack of finance. For example, technological upgrading becomes a
problem only because firms lack sufficient capital to install new machines, pay high wages to
skilled workers, etc. They can be hired.

Shivakami (2019) this article has been concluded on the basis of the study and recommends the
findings that MSMEs require female entrepreneurs in the areas to increase their market share by
focusing on internal marketing competencies for their sustainability Make internal marketing the
main factor. Become a member of the marketing avenue and marketing platform created by M /
o MSMEs for networking. Create and form an association of MSMEs by government bodies in
the form of networking, referral groups to achieve large scale benefits and improve their
industrial relations. Successful women entrepreneurs are encouraged to become mentors and role

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models because such relationships have a tremendous impact on other women's business
successes.

Factors Affecting Performance of Tribal Entrepreneurship and MSMEs:

The small-scale business sector has emerged as an engine of economical development. MSMEs
in India have played a catalytic role in the economic transformation of the country and its rural
and tribal areas too. The region has demonstrated tremendous potential for employment
generation, greater resource utilization efficiency and technological innovation, to promote inter-
regional connectivity, increase exports and reduce regional imbalances. But entrepreneurs are
still facing many problems to establish themselves as a part of the MSMEs sector. Here are some
factors affecting the Entrepreneurs of Tribal communities:

i. Traditional Society: most of our tribal Society suffers from superstitions, traditions,
customs, and religion and cast discriminations.
ii. family Jobs: In rural areas selections of work and occupation and even the business has a
tendency of following the hereditary adoption, caste system, religious and sex differentials,
which affect the ideology and capacities of the individuals.
iii. Lack of Entrepreneurial spirit: In tribal areas one of the most draw back being in
community is people don’t come up with their own ideas but they just keep following their
insisters and groups of small works for their livelihoods.
iv. Lack of Basic Infrastructure: In rural areas of our country people mainly suffer with
the basic facilities which prevent them from staring new business and implementing their ideas.
These basic facilities mainly include transportation, telecommunication, people with knowledge,
and basic needs of daily life given by government.
v. Unproductive Expenditure: Tribal people either keep their income hidden or they spend
the money for unproductive expenditure like marriages, relatives’ functions and traditional
occasions and celebrating other events or them mostly invest their additional incomes in
Ornaments rather investing the money in some new business ideas.
vi. Lack of Education Training facilities : In Tribal communities of india the Literacy
level and sources of Education are very less and due the lake of educational resources people

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hardly get to know about the world’ economy, Idea and they hardly could relate themselves to
outer world which does not let them to come across their boundaries of occupations.
vii. Environmental Factors: The environment and surrounding cause the barriers in
development of the ideas and specially in the tribal and rural area these are the main barriers for
an individual to start with something new and different from others’ opinion.
viii. Social and Cultural factors: Socioeconomic factors have also proven as big obstacles in
the development of entrepreneurial ideas of individuals.
ix. Competitions with Big Industries: when small groups of people or a small business of
owned/started by an individual comes in the market it has to face the big industries and faces off
with the new challenges.
x. Lack of Techno structure: In tribal and similar rural areas small, Micro , Tribal
businesses people may be efficient with their efforts and ideas but what they stick at while trying
to meet the modern market and their product requirement is the Technology.

xi. Proper Storage, designing, well packaging facility.

xii. Limited capital
xiii. Lack of availability of adequate and timely credit
xiv. High cost of credit
xv. Availability of raw materials at a competitive price
xvi. Lack of market knowledge.
xvii. Lack of access to global markets
xviii. Low technology knowledge levels
xix. unavailability of power, water, roads modern technology
xx. Lack of skilled manpower for service and production
xxi. Job "Lockins", "Golden Handcuffs" for well salaried job.
xxii. Complacency (lack of motivation)
xxiii. Lack of business know-how.
xxiv. Lack of viable concept.
xxv. Monopoly- Protectionism.
xxvi. Complex Legal constraints.

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xxvii. Time Pressures makes Distracter with the job.

Initiatives taken by our Government:

A number of tribal people are now changing the face of Tribal areas; they are turning the
problems into opportunities. A big rise is being shown in the entrepreneurship across Tribal areas
of India. To celebrate these entrepreneurs and build greater dialogue around the problems of
tribal and rural areas, along with their methods and approaches, NITI Aayog organized India’s
first Global Tribal Entrepreneurship Summit in Dantewada, Chhattisgarh, on November 14,
2017. The summit aimed to inspire, nurture and promote the spirit of entrepreneurship among the
tribal youth at addressing poverty, malnutrition, low literacy and poor health using the power of
enterprise and technology.

So many policies related to SMEs are intended to encourage inter-industry and inter-regional
relations, which promotes focused cluster development and will increase inter-dependence.
“Implementation of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development ("MSMED") Act
2006”. All the welfare and subsidy schemes of the Government of India have been brought under
Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), which is aimed at revamping the existing process in welfare and
subsidy schemes, to ensure more accurate targeting for simple and fast flow of funds.

As a nodal point for the implementation of DBT programs, the DBT Cell has been formed in the
Ministry. In 2018-19, all 20 schemes of the Ministry of MSME were on the DBT India portal,
out of which 1 scheme (ie Coir Uday Yojana Scheme) has been included in the Prime Minister
Employment Generation Program (PMEGP). The schemes are classified based on the
beneficiary's benefit type, namely, cash, in-kind or overall (i.e. cash and type).

List of government schemes for MSMEs sectors

Total no. of Total no. of

Name of the Scheme Benefit type Beneficiaries (2018- Beneficiaries (2018-

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19) 19)
ATI Scheme In Kind 3720 3.31
(Training Component)
Marketing Assistance Cash 147 84.67
Scheme
Coir Udyami Yojana Cash 232 55.05
MPDA Grant to Cash 218597 241.02
Khadi Institutions
Cash 218597 241.02 Cash 70 0.3272
SFURTI- SI In Kind 759 0.0288
Prime Ministers Cash 73427 2070.00
Employment
Generation Program
(PMEGP)
Credit Guarantee In Kind 433520 822.59
Scheme
National Awards Cash 0 0
MDP-EDP-Skill Cash & In Kind 2678 0
Development
Zero Effect Zero Cash & In Kind 12555 8.5
Defect (ZED)
Technology and Cash 63 5.02
Quality Up gradation
Support Through
MSMEs (TEQUP)
Procurement and Cash 352 1.84
Marketing Support
Scheme (PMS)
Excluding Vendor
Development

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Programmer and
International/
National Workshop/
Seminar/ Awareness
programs.
Credit Linked Capital Cash 14155 973.15
Subsidy Scheme
(CLCSS)
IPR Building In Kind 0 0
Awareness on
Intellectual Property
Rights for MSMEs
Lean Manufacturing In Kind 2079 13.59
Competitiveness
Scheme for MSMEs
In Kind 2079 13.59
17
Design Clinic Scheme Cash 49 1.19
for Design Expertise
to
Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises
Incubation Centre In Kind 0 0
Support for
Entrepreneurial and
Managerial
Development of
SMEs through
Incubators
Performance and Cash 0 0
Credit Rating Scheme

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International Cash 590 4.80

Cooperation (IC)
Scheme

Source: Annual Report 2018-19 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

(Government of India)

Digital Transaction for the Ministry of MSME and its attached Offices (2018-19)

Ministry of MSME and its attached Offices (2018-19)

Sl.
No
Name of the
Name of organization
S the Number of Transactions
No organiz- Total By Digital Means Percentages
ation

Transactions (in

Transactions (in
Value in Rupees

Value in Rupees

Value of Digital
No. of Digital
Transactions

Transactions
(In crores)

(In crores)
No of

No of

%)

%)
1 KVIC 5597197 6762 4601023 6494 82.20% 96.03%
2 NSIC 256338 49250 224474 47308 87.57% 96.06%
DC office
(Tool
3 Room+DI 100675 2976 84999 2838 84.43% 95.33%
offices+H
Q)
COIR
4 24619 168 20855 160 84.71% 95.18%
BOARD
5 NIMSME 4118 29 3051 17 74.09% 60.89%

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6 MGIRI 1224 15 1076 14 87.91% 95.46%

7 TOTAL 5984171 59200 4935478 56831.7 82.48% 96.00%
Source: Annual Report 2018-19 Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

(Government of India)

Findings and suggestions:

The government delivery system has to be reformed for Reduction of beneficiaries, de-
duplication and fraud. Lack of access to new and improved technology has prevented Indian
MSMEs from growing at a rate equal to their capacity. The Ministry of MSME can provide the
following support to MSMEs for technology up gradation: Access to foreign technologies
Promoting low-cost ICT solutions: MSMEs in procurement of complete and low-cost ICU
solutions to the Ministry of MSMEs in India to improve their capacity should facilitate and
productivity. Awareness of these tools should also be increased among MSMEs support for
research and development. Provide international partnership opportunities for industries and
groups where Indian MSMEs have an inherent competitive edge. The progress of MSME
clusters involves the support of large firms to large enterprises: a long-term plan should be made
by the Ministry of MSME to develop and build long-term contacts with large enterprises and
research supply institutions e-governance and e-governance. The procurement of e-governance
and e-procurement is essential for easy compliance: MSMEs must be provided with an online
mechanism to conduct all necessary transactions to conduct business in the domestic and
international markets. The government should provide online access to rules and regulations,
electronic methods for registration and receipt of electronic applications, certificates, licenses
and incentives for the key to entrepreneurship development in India.

Conclusion:

These days MSMEs and Entrepreneurs are facing many problems, the problems are not about
Fund related but lack of knowledge, lack of technology, cut throat competition lack of
knowledge of government policies. In the era if globalization Indian MSMEs needs to do certain
extent, but still Indian MSMEs and tribal entrepreneurs are unable to compete. Government
needs to change these attitude for making a positive change for MSMEs and tribal
entrepreneurs, of course government has taken several policy initiatives but still there are some

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need of proper co-ordination and implantation of government schemes, because with proper
guidance MSMEs and tribal entrepreneurs can convert challenges in to opportunities.

MSMEs play an important role as one of the growth engines of the Indian economy. In fact, they
are playing an important role in the socio-economic development of the country, with SMEs
prevailing market conditions to facilitate further achievement and streamline objectives related to
large scale employment generation, low investment etc. Will need to align its offerings. The
major key players that can strengthen the innovation capacity in SMEs are the government,
educational system and end users. The future will see growth of SMEs as a result of the growing
economy and continued efforts of the entrepreneur. If these small businesses need to survive
with the big giants, they will need to retain their key people and ensure that they have a clear
vision, goals and career in order to contribute to the organization in the long run.

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Arvind Kuma Singh, S. K. (2014). MSMEs challenges and opportunities: the key to
entrepreneurship development in India. International Journal of Engineering and management
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Business standard reporter 2015 PM launches Mudra Bank ot fund small business. New delhi
Business Standard.
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medium enterprises in Karnataka. Mysore: University of Mysore (Department of Economics and
Cooperation).

Golakh Kumar Behera, S. D. (2018). Factors influencing the performance of MSMEs in the state
of Odisha. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts , 6 (2), 710-716.

Kachhal, D. (2017). Micro Smal and Medium Entreprises (Vol. 61). (D. Kachhal, Ed.) Yojana.

Naik, A. B. (2012). Study of entrepreneurship in small and medium enterprises sme evidence
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Ram, P. (2016). Challenges and Opportunities for Tribal Entrepreneurship Development in India:
An Analytical Study. Peripex Indian Journal of Research , 5 (10).

Rajan Shivakami, P. M. (2019). Successful Women Entrepreneurial Business Performance

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Saini, P. (2014). Study of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Centre for Civil Society , 33.

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