Felix O. Alfelor Sr. Foundation College, Inc.

Sipocot, Camarines Sur

PROF ED 1 | COURSE
The Child and Adolescent
Learners and Learning
Principles

By:

Pearlyn P. Carser

Jerom Brutas
Instructor
QUIZ #10
Questions for Discussion
1. Describe behaviors to illustrate the preschooler's:
 Animism - This is the belief that inanimate objects (such as toys and teddy
bears) have human feelings and intentions.
 Egocentrism - refers to the tendency of young children not to be able to take
the perspective of others, and instead the child thinks that everyone sees,
thinks, and feels just as they do.
 Centration - is the act of focusing all attention on one characteristic or
dimension of a situation while disregarding all others. An example of centration
is a child focusing on the number of pieces of cake that each person has,
regardless of the size of the pieces.
 Lack of conservation - realizing that something can have the same properties
even if it appears differently.
 Irreversibility - is a stage in early child development in which a child falsely
believes that actions cannot be reversed or undone. For example, if a three-
year-old boy sees someone flatten a ball of play dough, he will not understand
that the dough can easily be reformed into a ball.
 Transductive reasoning - refers to when a child reasons from specific to specific,
drawing a relationship between two separate events that are otherwise
unrelated.

2. Read this excerpt from Albert Einstein's biography. Examine Albert Einstein's preschool
development in the light of cognitive development in early childhood as discussed. How
different was his childhood from the average childhood?
ANSWER:
Albert is not like the typical child which go into process of crawling and babbling
before trying to walk and talk. Albert talks at the age of three and cannot even play the normal
toys which typical kids played. At his preschool age he was curious about ants’ movement which
is not typically doing by normal kids. He was always deeply curious about somethings and want
to find answers on his questions by himself. Unlike typical kids which is more on getting
knowledge from their parents and guardians and then believe on it.

3. To enhance the preschoolers' development in his symbolic thinking, language, attention,

memory function, and metacognition, what developmentally appropriate practices
would you recommend? What developmentally inappropriate practices would you not
recommend?
 ANSWER:
I would recommend talking to babies and toddlers with simple language, frequent eye
contact, and responsiveness to children's cues and language attempts, frequently
playing with, talking to, singing to, and doing fingerplays with very young children. And
the things that I wouldn’t recommend is teaching the kids to do bad fingers and talking
bad words for fun, because it can retain in their memory and use it even without
knowing if it is bad or good.

4. Critics argue that too many preschools are academically oriented and stressful for young
children. Do you agree? Explain.
ANSWER:
Yes, I believe that there are too many children who’s academically oriented
because they know that it is needed for them to learn things in this world and for them
to be successful in life. But yes, again I believe that in some cases this is stressful for
young children because every start is hard in every aspect of life, they will learn how to
properly hold the pencil and right their names especially when they have a very long
name. A lot of children complaining having a very long name because it is hard to write
and introducing them to numbers and etc. for them to learn.

5. Does preschool matter? Doesn't preschool rob the child of his irretrievable childhood?
Defend your stand.
ANSWER:
Yes, preschool really matter because in this stage where they are going to learn
and start learning how to do things properly like example, properly holding pencil,
scissor and etc. and also learning how to write the alphabet, their names and words.
Before introducing them to numbers, colors and broader learning in the future.

6. Explain the meaning of the quote beneath the title of this Module.
ANSWER:
There are things that can be known by experiencing being kid, enjoying being
kid which can be beneficial for us in time. There are things that typical kids do which can
help them in their future problem or question in life. This goes the saying that
“experience is the best teacher” because, having experienced the things the typical kids
do may be foresee their future careers and personality.
ACTIVITY NO. 10

Currently there is controversy over whether young children should be allowed to testify in
court. Considering their memory functioning would you favor it?
ANSWER:
No, because this kind of things might be stressful for kids and can cause trauma which
they can adopt until they grow and maybe also involve in some serious criminal case or
misbehavior.

1. "Mind in the Making" by Ellen Galinsky (2010) is a brilliant book that highlights the best
researches about children's cognitive development, among others. The book discusses in seven
chapters about the following seven essential life skills every child need:

A. Focus and self-control - Focusing is more than just paying attention. True focus means being
alert and engaged and knowing where to direct your attention in spite of distractions.

B. Perspective taking - the intellectual skill of discerning how someone else thinks and feels
C. Communicating - It's about what you want to communicate and how it will be received. ·
Give kids a chance to express themselves in different ways.
D. Making connections – it actually involves developing an understanding of how things are
connected, including: Similarities. Children naturally learn to sort and categorize objects.
E. Critical thinking - is the ongoing search for valid and reliable knowledge to guide beliefs,
decisions, and actions. It involves analyzing, reflecting, problem solving, and evaluating. Any
time we engage in a decision-making or problem-solving process, we draw on our critical
thinking skills.
F. Taking on challenges - as “being proactive rather than reactive when difficulties arise”. It is,
in part, about managing stress and developing resilience. In a nutshell, it is getting back on the
horse after falling off.
G. Self-directed, engaged learning – in these moments, children are self- directed, engaged
learners, and they are using the six life skills discussed above. For example, children use focus
to pay attention to something they want to achieve and self-control to not let distractions get in
their way. They use the skill of taking challenges to persevere in achieving a goal that at first
seems difficult.
The book also provides valuable and practical suggestions about how parents and teachers can develop
the skills: Choose one from the seven skills. Read the chapter and write a reaction paper.

REACTION PAPER
The book “Mind in the Making” by Ellen Galinsky addresses the 7 essential life skills that every
child needs. Unfortunately, these are not skills that children develop naturally on their own, they are
skills that have to be taught. Galinsky not only talks about the science of early learning, but she also
offers tips on how you can teach these skills to your children that you can implement today. Ellen
Galinsky has spent her career researching and pursuing these “essential life skills”, talking with more
than a hundred of researchers in child development and neuroscience. Her extensive research reveals
important insight into the science behind early learning. “Mind in the Making” helps you assemble what
is needed for rearing children who are intelligent, emotionally secure, and equipped to succeed. Ms.
Galinsky aims to help, rather than guilt, caregivers of children, because she emphasizes the support of
each skill across the continuum of childhood (as well as adulthood). She writes realistically, in a relatable
style. Her manner is engaging and enthusiastic but not overwhelming.

But, among the seven skills I think the more important in these skills is the perspective taking skills,
because this well be the key for the kids and parents to understand and achieve what they want. Having
perspective in things can lead to a good communication and connection with others for you to be
successful in life, we need to understand and accept that we cannot control the mind of others on what
they think of you and what you do. But understanding that life isn’t really always be on our side might
help you to move forward and focus and the things that you need and you want for you to achieve your
goals.
REFLECTION NO. 10 (ESSAY)
From the Module on the Cognitive Development of Preschooler, I learned that there are really
things needed to be learned and adopt by experiencing it. For us to be the better version of ourself we
need to accept that there are things that is needed to be learned and understand so that we can always
focus on achieving our goal in life.

Being curious on something can teach us how does something works or how it will be done.
Nature and nurture are very important for us to be the better person we could in the future and to
successful in everything we do.

Let things flow naturally and have a faith in God in everything you do with the conscience of
making things work perfectly in a good way in achieving our goals. Don’t be afraid to commit mistakes
because this can teach a big lesson which can make you a better and successful person you could be.