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3.1. Two Independent Variables: Solve The Following Cauchy Problems

1) The document presents three Cauchy problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs) and initial conditions. 2) For the first problem, applying a change of variables transforms the PDE into one with a zero right hand side, allowing the general solution to be expressed in terms of arbitrary functions. 3) The initial conditions are then used to determine the arbitrary functions and obtain the solution to the first Cauchy problem.

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Josuè Priego Sanabria
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53 views1 page

3.1. Two Independent Variables: Solve The Following Cauchy Problems

1) The document presents three Cauchy problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs) and initial conditions. 2) For the first problem, applying a change of variables transforms the PDE into one with a zero right hand side, allowing the general solution to be expressed in terms of arbitrary functions. 3) The initial conditions are then used to determine the arbitrary functions and obtain the solution to the first Cauchy problem.

Uploaded by

Josuè Priego Sanabria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.1.

TWO INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 61

Example 3.11 Solve the following Cauchy problems.


2 cPu 2 02U 02U 2y (011, OU)
a) 4y ox2 + 2(1 - y ) oxoy - oy2 - 1 + y2 2 ox - oy = 0,
ou
u(x, 0) = f(x), oy (x, 0) = g(x) (x E R),
where f E C (R) and g E C (R) are given functions.
2 1

02u 02u 02U OU OU


b) ox 2 - 2sinx oxoy - (3 + cos 2 x) oy2 + ox + (2 - sinx - cos x) oy = 0,
OU /2
U(x, cos x) = 0, oy(x,cosx) = e- x COSXj

02U 02U. 2 02U . OU


c) ox2 + 2 cos x oxoy - sm x oy2 - sm x oy = 0,
. ) = x + co~x, OU
U( x,smx oy ( x,smx
. ) .
= smx.
Solutions.
a) In our case, the solutions of the quadratic equation (3.16) are ),1 = 1/2 and
),2 = -1/(2y2), which gives

dy 1
dx = -),1 = -2" hence x + 2y = C},
and
dy 1 2y3
-dx = -),2
2y2'
hence x - -
= -
3
= C2

for arbitrary constants C1 and C2 . Thus the new variables e = x + 2y and


'" = x - 2y 3/3 lead to the PDE
02V
oeo", = 0, v(e,,,,) = u(x,y).

Thus the general solution of the given PDE is

v(e, "') = F(O + G(",), hence u(x, y) = F(x + 2y) + G (x - 2y3/3) ,


where F and G are arbitrary (but appropriately smooth) functions. The initial
conditions give
F(x) + G(x) = f(x) and 2F'(x) = g(x),
hence the solution is

J g(r) dr.
3 x+2y

u(x,y) = f (x - 2~ ) + ~
x-2y 3/3

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