1. Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state that is established in reversible chemical reactions where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
2. At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products become constant, but the reactions are still occurring in both the forward and reverse directions.
3. Equilibrium can only be attained in a closed system at constant temperature and pressure, where the free energy change is zero and the ratio of products to reactants (Q) equals the equilibrium constant (K).
1. Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state that is established in reversible chemical reactions where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
2. At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products become constant, but the reactions are still occurring in both the forward and reverse directions.
3. Equilibrium can only be attained in a closed system at constant temperature and pressure, where the free energy change is zero and the ratio of products to reactants (Q) equals the equilibrium constant (K).
1. Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state that is established in reversible chemical reactions where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
2. At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products become constant, but the reactions are still occurring in both the forward and reverse directions.
3. Equilibrium can only be attained in a closed system at constant temperature and pressure, where the free energy change is zero and the ratio of products to reactants (Q) equals the equilibrium constant (K).
1. Chemical equilibrium is a dynamic state that is established in reversible chemical reactions where the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.
2. At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products become constant, but the reactions are still occurring in both the forward and reverse directions.
3. Equilibrium can only be attained in a closed system at constant temperature and pressure, where the free energy change is zero and the ratio of products to reactants (Q) equals the equilibrium constant (K).
Equilibrium established in physical reactions. Chemical equilibrium approaches from both
The chemical reactions which takes place in both forward & backward direction directions are called reversible reactions It is dynamic in nature. Chemical equilibrium is dynamic in nature. In a reversible reaction both reactants and products are unstable. Here vapour pressure is constant at a constant temp For a general reversible reaction Equilibrium is the end state of a reversible reaction. aA + bB cC+ dD Equilibrium is established only in a closed container. [C]C [D]d Established only at a constant temparature K= At equilibrium, the rate of forward and backward [A]a [B]b reactions are equal. (m.p of solid ie, freeging point of liquid) At equilibrium, the concentration of reactants & Ice-waler equilibrium established at ooc. products becomes constant. At any time during the reaction aA+bB cc+dD the ratio [C]C [D]d is known as concentration qaotient, Q. Established only in a Saturated solution [A]a [B]b eg: Saturated sugar solution. At equilibrium Q = K Equilibrium foawand product Sugar (dissolved) Sugar (undissolved) equilibrium Rate Conc 1. Value of k does not depends upon initial concentration of Here solubility depends upon pressure (Henry’s law) reactants and products. reactant backward eg: Soda water 2. Value of k does not depends upon the direction from which Time Time CO2 (dissolved) CO2 (undissolved) equilibrium is altained.
For the equilibrium A B, the variation of the rate of the forward (a) & Which of the given statements does not elucidate the equilibrium state In the given reaction: A+2B 2C, 2 moles each of A & B present in 10 L reverse (b) reaction with time is given by precisely? of solution combine to form 1 mole of C. Calculate K for the reaction. (A) The equilibrium can be approached from either direction. (B) The equilibrium can be attained only if the system is an isolated system. (A) 1.5 (B) 6.67 (C) 0.15 (D) 2.3 JEE 2020 (C) The free energy change at constant pressure and temperature is zero. (D) It is dynamic in nature.
AIIMS chemical equilibrium 3. value of k depends only on temparature. If they are in solid or liquid phase, K can be represented as Kc. According to Le-chatelier's principle, if a system at equilibrium is If they are in gaseous or aqueous phase, K can be represented as Kp subjected to a change in concentration, temperature or pressure, 4. If K for the reaction aA + bB cC+dD is K, then the equilibrium will shifts automatically in one direction which will For a general reaction nullify the effect of the change. K for the reaction cc+dD aA+ bB will be 1K aA + bB cC + dD 5. If K for the reaction aA + bB cC+dD is K, then 1. Conc. of reactant increases shift towards forward reaction. K for the reaction naA+ nbB ncC + ndD will be (K)n [C]C [D]d PCc PDd Kc = & Kp = 2. Conc. of product decreases shift towards forward reaction. [A]a [B]b PA PB a b
6. During the addition of two reactants having equilibrium 3. Conc. of reactant decreases shift towards backward reaction. constants K1 & K2, then the net Constant K = K1 x K2 Kp = Kc (RT) n n = np - nR 4. Conc. of product increases shift towards backward reaction. 7. During the subtraction of a reaction having constant K2 from a 5. Pressure increases shift towards lesser number of moles reaction having constant K1, then the net constant K = K1/K2 6. Pressure decreases shift towards higher number of moles n 8. If Q<K, the reaction will proceed in forward direction Unit of Kc = (mol/L) 7. No of moles of reactants & products are equal, P has no effect. n If Q>k, the reaction will proceed in backward direction Unit of Kp = (atm)
4 5 6 9. 8. If temperature increases shift towards endothcomic 10. If Q=K, the system is in equilibrium. If n = 0, equilibrium constant has no unit 9. If temperature decreases shift towards exothermic 11. If K >103, the reaction is almost complete in forward direction. 10. Catalyst helps to attain eqm state easily. 12. If k <10-3, the reaction is in forward direction. In heterogeneous equilibrium, concentration of pure solid & After the establishment of eqm, catalyst has no effect. pure liquid is taken as one 13. If K is in blw 10³ & 10 , almost same reaction takes place -3 11. Addition of inert gas at constant volume, no effect. eg : CaCO3(s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g) in both forward and backward direction Kp = PCo 2 12. Addition of inert gas at constant pressure shift towards higher number of moles
At a given temperature, the equilibrium constants for the reactions,
1 Which one of the following conditions will favour maximum formation NO (g) + O 2(g) NO2(g) & 2NO2(g) 2NO(g) +O2(g) of the product in the reaction A2(g) + B2(g) X2(g). rH = -XkJ? 2
NEET 2018 are K, and K2 respectively. If K, is 4 x 10-3 . then K2 will be (A) Low temperature and high pressure (B) High temperature and high pressure
JEE 2020 JIPMER
(A) 8x10- 3 (B) 16x10- 3 (C) 6.25x104 (D) 6.25x106 (C) Low temperature and low pressure (D) High temperature and low pressure
