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To Determine The Efficiency of A DC Machine by Direct Load Test

The document summarizes an experiment to determine the efficiency of a 3HP, 230V DC shunt motor using a direct load test. Key details: 1) The motor is loaded using a mechanical brake and measurements are taken of voltage, current, speed, and load at varying loads. 2) Efficiency is calculated at each load by measuring electrical power input and mechanical power output. 3) Results show efficiency initially increases linearly with load then levels off, reaching a maximum of around 80%.

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576 views8 pages

To Determine The Efficiency of A DC Machine by Direct Load Test

The document summarizes an experiment to determine the efficiency of a 3HP, 230V DC shunt motor using a direct load test. Key details: 1) The motor is loaded using a mechanical brake and measurements are taken of voltage, current, speed, and load at varying loads. 2) Efficiency is calculated at each load by measuring electrical power input and mechanical power output. 3) Results show efficiency initially increases linearly with load then levels off, reaching a maximum of around 80%.

Uploaded by

dns s
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT NO: 1 19BEE131 DATE: 07/01/2022

AIM: To determine the efficiency of a DC machine by direct load test.

MACHINE SPECIFICATION :
DC SHUNT MOTOR (with pony brake)
3HP, 230V, 10.5A, 1500 RPM

APPARATUS :
(1) Voltmeter (MC) 0 - 300V – 01 no.
(2) Ammeter (MC) 0 - 15A - 01 no.

THEORY :
The efficiency of small motors are determine by directly loading the motor. The motor
is loaded by means mechanical brake, eddy current brake or calibrated fan. The entire
output power is wasted. The efficiency of the motor is calculated directly by measuring
the power input and the power output. The common type of mechanical brake
employed in testing is the rope brake as shown in Fig.1. The load is regulated by the
weight carried by the scale span.
In case of dc generator, the generator is driven through a transmission
dynamometer and the entire output power is dissipated in resistors.
T =( W 1 −W 2 ) R
The actual load torque is given by, Nm

where,

The mechanical power output of the motor is given by, watt

where rad/sec
The electrical power input can be calculated by measuring the terminal voltage

'V' and the input current 'I'. Then electrical input is given by, , and the

2 π NT
×100
efficiency of the motor is given by, = 60VI
The pulley to be used for motor output more than 2 HP, should be either air-cooled or
water cooled. For series motor there should be sufficient brake torque before the motor
is switched on to the supply mains.
For the temperature test, it is advantageous to use generator as a load and adjusting the
voltage of generator so that it can operate in parallel with the supply system. The
fluctuation in spring balance causes the error in this test.

PROCEDURE :
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. 2.
2. Set the spring balance load to zero.
3. Run the motor at rated armature voltage and excitation.
4. Measure the speed at no load condition.
5. Gradually increase the mechanical load on motor pulley.
6. Note down the readings of ammeter , voltmeter, speed and spring balance.
7. Repeat the test for other load adjustment and record the readings.
8. Switch off the supply and disconnect the circuit.

Circuit Diagram :
OBSERVATION TABLE:
SR. ARMATURE ARMATURE LOAD SPEED
NO. VOLTAGE CURRENT W Kg RPM
V Volts I Amps
1 230 1.52 0 1500
2 190 2.00 2 1496
3 187 3.64 6 1467
4 184 5.0 9 1420
5 182 6.5 12.2 1390
6 180 7.25 14.3 1360

Radius of the pulley = R = (10.5/2*100) = 0.0525 m


Calculation:

Torque delivered by the motor, Nm

= 3.09 Nm

Speed in rad/sec, rad/sec

= 153.62 rad/sec

Power output of the motor, watts

= 479.69 watts

Power input to the,

= 680.68 Watts.

Efficiency of motor,

= 69.74 %

Similarly, efficiency for all the readings can be determined.


RESULT TABLE:
Sr. Torque Motor Motor Motor
No. (Nm) output speed Efficiency
(W) (rpm) (%)
1 0 0 1500 0
2 1.03 161.36 1496 42.46
3 3.09 474.69 1467 69.74
4 4.63 688.22 1420 74.91
5 6.28 914.63 1390 77.31
6 7.36 1048.92 1300 80.37

Graph: Plot the graph of load versus efficiency

Load Vs Efficiency
90
80.37
74.91 77.31
80
69.74
70
60
50 42.46
40
30
20
10
0
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Conclusion :
Comment on the graph and the results obtained it this test.

After observing the results I have prepared the result table and from that result table I
have plotted the graph between load and efficiency. After plotting graph between load and
efficiency I came to know that the results of direct load test in starting it seems to increasing
linearly but later it changes its nature as shown above. The maximum efficiency that can be
achieve by this method is around 85-90%. Apart from this, on increasing the load, the
armature voltage decreases, armature current increases, speed decreases and torque increases.

Quiz:
1. Why the break test is not recommended for the machines with higher HP rating?
2. What measures needs to be taken before the test is performed on the DC series Mo-
tor?
3. At which load the efficiency of the machine is the maximum?
4. What is the major difference between the direct and indirect testing?
5. Why the break test is called as the direct test?

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