Cbse Class 9 Maths Notes Chapter 1 Number System
Cbse Class 9 Maths Notes Chapter 1 Number System
Natural Numbers
Whole Numbers
Whole numbers (W) are 0, 1, 2,..and so on. Whole numbers are all Natural Numbers
including '0'.
Whole numbers do not include any fractions, negative numbers or decimals.
Integers
Integers are just like whole numbers, but they also include negative numbers.
They are denoted by Z.
Rational Numbers
A number ‘r’ is called a rational number if it can be written in the form , where p and q are
p
integers and q ≠ 0.
Irrational Numbers
Any number that cannot be expressed in the form of where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
p
,
q
, is an irrational number.
Examples: √2, 1.010024563 … , e, π
Real Numbers
Any number which can be represented on the number line is a Real Number(R).
It includes both rational and irrational numbers.
Every point on the number line represents a unique real number.
Irrational Numbers
Representation of Irrational numbers on the Number line
Let √x be an irrational number. To represent it on the number line we will follow the
following steps:
Length of BD = √x.
With BD as the radius and origin as the center, cut the positive side of the number line
to get √x.
√ab = √a√b
√a
a
√ =
b √b
2
(√a + √b) = a + 2√ab + b
Rationalisation
√a
1 1 1
× =
a
√a √a
Rationalisation of 1
:
√a+b
1 1 1
× =
2
√a+b √a−b a−b
m n m+n
a × a = a
m n mn
(a ) = a
m
a m−n
= a
n
a
m m m
a b = (ab)
p q p+q
a × a = a
p q pq
(a ) = a
p
a p−q
q
= a
a
p p p
a b = (ab)
The decimal expansion of a rational number is either terminating or non- terminating and
recurring.
Example: = 0.5 , = 3.33..
1
2
1
So,x = 0.625 ×
1000 625
=
1000 1000
If the number is non-terminating and recurring, then we will follow the following steps to
convert it into a rational number:
Example - 1.042
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
Step 2. Multiply the first equation with 10 , where y is the number of digits that are
y
recurring.
Thus, 100x = 104.24 2 (2)
¯
¯¯¯
¯¯
103.2 1032
x = =
99 990
165