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Assignment #1

This document provides information about the key components of an internal combustion (IC) engine. It discusses the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, connecting rod, cylinder head, camshaft, valves, rocker arm, crankcase, oil pump, and oil sump. It describes the function of each component and how they work together to enable the combustion process in an IC engine.

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Usman Ali Usman Ali
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81 views

Assignment #1

This document provides information about the key components of an internal combustion (IC) engine. It discusses the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, connecting rod, cylinder head, camshaft, valves, rocker arm, crankcase, oil pump, and oil sump. It describes the function of each component and how they work together to enable the combustion process in an IC engine.

Uploaded by

Usman Ali Usman Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD, WAH

CAMPUS.

COURSE TITLE : IC Engine.

Name : Usman Ali

REGISTRATION: FA18-BME-067 (B)

SUBMITTED TO : SIR ARSALAN

Assignment # 01
Internal Combustion Engine:-
An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which
the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an
integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of
the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to
some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, a rotor,
or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into
useful kinetic energy and is used to propel, move or power whatever the engine is attached to.

Components of IC Engine:-

Cylinder:
These automobile engine parts are located in the engine block also known as the
cylinder block. It contains a liner or sleeves around it. This liner is worn out when subjected to
work and can be easily replaced. The cylinders have part or space for the piston to move upward
and downward, making the combustion take place.
Cylinders are characterized by their bore and stroke. The bore is the inner diameter
and the stroke is the effective length along the piston reciprocates i.e. the movement of the piston
from the TDC to the BDC, they are the uppermost and the lowermost point of the stroke.

 Piston:
The piston is a cylindrical part that moves upward and downward in the cylinder,
allowing the complete combustion cycle to take place (intake, compression, combustion,
exhaust). The diameter of the piston is a bit less than the bore of the cylinder to avoid quick wear
of the piston surface. There are three rings known as piston rings fitted in the circular recesses on
the piston surfaces. These rings are made of aluminum, having direct contact with the cylinder
liner, thus preventing piston wear.

 Crankshaft:
These engine parts help to converts the sliding motion from the piston into rotary
motion via the connecting rod. It is located below the cylinder block inside a casing called the
crankcase. The crankshaft has projections bent and offset from the shaft axis. In a multi-cylinder
engine, each cylinder is provided with its own crankpin, provided to attach the piston by the
connecting rod.

Connecting rod:
These engine parts are provided to connect the piston to the crankshaft. Just as
mentioned earlier, it converts the linear motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crank.
One of its end parts is attached to the piston through a piston pin also known as a gudgeon pin
and wrist pin. Another end is attached to the crankpin journal using bolts to hold down the upper
and lower bearing caps called the big end.

Cylinder head:
These engine parts serve as a cover to the cylinder block, valve, rocker arms, and
ignition element. It is bolted to the cylinder block with the head gasket in between. In an
overhead camshaft engine, the camshaft is placed in the head with the absence of pushrod
arrangement for the valve mechanism. Some other parts like the inlet, exhaust ports, and the
combustion chamber also have their space beneath the cylinder, making it form one whole
engine component.

 Camshaft:
This internal combustion engine component is a shaft containing a cam fitted on it. it
functions is to control the valves directly by sitting over them or through the rocker arm and
pushrod mechanism. The valve timing is determined by the size of the camshaft. That is, the
opening and closing of valves are governed by the camshaft which is mounted on the crankshaft
either directly through a reduction gear or indirectly through a pulley and a timing belt.

Valves:
Valves as known as poppet valves on IC engines. It is made of a long thin circular
rod named valve stem and a flat circular disk called valve head, which is tapered along the thin
rod. The function of the valve is to enables of valve for a fresh intake of fuel and air and the
release of waste gases (exhaust.) The opening and closing of the valve are caused by the sliding
motion of the camshaft and the associated linkages.
 Rocker arm:
This internal combustion engine part plays an important role as it transmits the
rotary motion of the cam or crankshaft through a tappet/latch and converts it into a linear motion
of the valve stem, helping in depressing the valve head.

Crankcase:
These internal combustion engine components are located below the cylinder block
containing the bearings that rotate the crank. This main bearing is a sliding bearing with an
adequate oil supply in it. Four-cylinder inline petrol engines contain three bearings in the
crankcase, one at each end and one in the middle while diesel engines have five main bearings,
one at each end and one between each cylinder.

 Oil pump and sump:


The function of the oil pump is to pumps the oil to various parts of the engine for
proper lubrication, cleaning, and cooling. The oil pump in the engine is driven by the crankshaft
gear. The oil is pressurized to various parts of the engine components, which helps in lubricating
and cooling the system.
The oil sump serves as storage containing a chamber that keeps the oil. The oil is
lifted by the oil pump from the sump through a wire mesh strainer which keeps debris and dirt
from entering the engine. The oil filter and oil cooler allow the oil to pass through before
distributing it to the engine parts. The oil returns to the oil sump after doing its job.

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