International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S11, September 2019

Intelligent Electronic Device Functionality and

Interfacing: An Experimental Examination of
Smart Grid
Sanjay Kumar, Arvind Kumar Singh, Md. Abul Kalam


Abstract: the intelligence electronic devices are the devices 1. Plants water treatment
like voltage regulators, circuit breaker controllers, , protection 2. Management of water
relays which are based on microprocessor. They have ability to 3. Fertilizer and Agrochemical
communicate using serial communication with other devices. The
research work include study of electrical signals, functionality 4. Chemical plants
and application of IED in smart grid. 5. Plant’s Sewage treatment
6. Mines and metal
Index Terms: microprocessor; IED; functionality; electrical 7. Power plan and Boiler controls
interfacing. 8. Manufacturing of Automobile
9. Process plants of Metallurgical
I. INTRODUCTION 10. Paper miles and pulp
For power system application communication is very 11. Control of quality
important. Now in last decades to enhance the control and 12. Refineries and Petrochemical (oil)
protection of communication several methods are developed. 13. Food processing
These techniques also mange the effect of distributed 14. Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical
generation [1], for restoration and fast-acting protection
enabling [2][3], and for integrity and monitoring of wide area
system [4] [5]. For these methods the IEC 61850 standard use
can provide many benefits. As using a standardized data
model and high-speed Ethernet communications, vendor
interoperability and standardized configuration methodology
is provided [7].

for communication it is require Numerous kind of power

intensity framework insurance exceptionally stringent,
explicitly: low jitter, low latency and symmetrical latency [7].
to provide dedicated bandwidth and to minimize jitter time
division multiplexing (TDM) has been used. when multiple
services like data acquisition (SCADA), supervisory control,
voice telephony, video surveillance, and phasor evolution of
unit data TDM systems make inefficient use of available
bandwidth and they act as inherently inflexible [8]
To enable advanced power automation the intelligent Figure 1: IED diagram
electronic device (IED) added to industrial control systems
(ICS). II. ELECTRICAL INTERFACING
In monitoring of power, communication, metering and
controlling many types of IED are used [9]. All possible interfacing of electrical components of an
Some business control system using IED like distributed Intelligent Electronic Device are showing in figure 2 [10].
control systems (DCS) or supervisory control and data
acquisition (SCADA. As a part of the system the IED can use
in many processes like:

Revised Version Manuscript Received on 16 September, 2019.

Sanjay Kumar Ph.D Scholar, NERIST Arunachal Pradesh EE Dept.
Email - [email protected]
Prof. Arvind Kumar Singh (Professor), EE Dept. NERIST Arunachal
Pradesh Email- [email protected]
Dr. Md.Abul Kalam (Associate professor) BIT sindri jharkhand, Email-
[email protected]

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: B15230982S1119/2019©BEIESP
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1523.0982S1119
3922 & Sciences Publication
 Intelligent Electronic Device Functionality and Interfacing: An Experimental Examination of Smart Grid

Figure 3: code generation an overall validation process

Figure 2: Intelligent Electronic Device electrical interfacing III. FUNCTIONALITY OF IED

The extended version of IED functionality is divided in
Analog inputs: Voltage regulator and Protection relays
following categories:
always available with input of voltage and current transformer.
The devices can also provide 4..20 mA or sensor inputs input
like sensors for temperature. Specification of secondary
frequency and current before ordering is necessary in some
IEDs. It is important to correct the phase of sensing current
and voltage and it should flow in right direction.

Analog outputs: with transducer outputs like 0..10 V or

4..20 mA are provided by some IEDs. Generally these
outputs are used as programmable. This output can be active
or passive type of output. The output of passive type needed
power supply externally.

Digital inputs: for digital input some IEDs needed Figure 4: IED functionality
potential-free contacts. As a logical 1 some IEDs recognize
negative or positive power supply voltage. The digital input 1. Logics and control functions:
can be considered as status information or as a command. These types of elements control logics in circuit breakers and
control loops in voltage regulators.
Digital outputs: the digital output can change through solid
state contacts or change-over contacts or they can potential 2. Monitoring:
free normally closed or normally open. Due to significant Every IED should have monitoring of auxiliary power supply
differences the switching capability of the output contacts is and monitoring of internal self-supervision. If IED is well
should be checked. The digital output can be considered as operating then a “healthy” output or a “watch-dog” will close
status information or as a command. to it. It is require to monitoring of event recording, analog
sensing inputs, trip circuit supervision etc.
Serial communication ports: for serial communication like
Optical, ethernet (RJ45), RS 485 etc serial communication is 3. Protection:
required. For local communication with a computer or a To protect a feeder, transformer, motor and generator, the
laptop the IEDs are also provided with USB or RS 232. functionality of IED include all functions of protection.

Auxiliary power supply: IED always need an auxiliary 4. Serial communication:

power supply although older voltage regulators and Some protocol like Profibus, Modbus TCP, Modbus RTU
protection relays may not need auxiliary supply. could support by IEDs. The modern IEC 61850 standard
created by IED in order to enable interoperation of IEDs from
various vendors.

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: B15230982S1119/2019©BEIESP
3923 & Sciences Publication
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1523.0982S1119
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S11, September 2019

5. Metering: VI. HARDWARE IN THE LOOP DEMONSTRATION

Metering value like neutral current (A), residual voltage (V),
Under numerous potential situations Hardware in the loop
harmonics, energy (kWh, KVArh), phase currents (A), line
demonstration is an amazing system for testing genuine
voltages (V), disturbance recording, voltages (V), analog
gadgets. The figure 8 shows the equipment on the up and up
channels are contains with many IEDs. With output of
course of action for the investigations. For a two line terminal
programmable transducer some IEDs are also provided.
development of differential protection done by Two
commercially-available current differential protection relays..
IV. MANAGING INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICES
The example of intelligence electronic devices management is
shown in figure 5. Here several IEDs are managed with
several controlling units.

Figure7: In loop demonstration overview of hardware

a. Integrating IP/MPLS Communications

IEEE C37.94

Figure 5: managemnet of IED For differential security in examination support IEEE C37.94
interchanges the protection relays used. Utilizing business
V. A MICROGRID CONTROL AND PROTECTION IP/MPLS administration collection switches the IP/MPLS
system is actualized. To the protection relays for direct
The microgrid with low power use to demonstrate the connection Each IP/MPLS router is fitted with a teleportation
platform that described. Including controlling and protecting interface card and voice interface card..
several challenges are there. Major challenge is the fault
detecting. During unplanned islanding events when there is
high presence of maintaining system and converter-interfaced
to resolve these challenges communication is needed. in this
way for control and protection microgrids are good option for
the use of IEC 61850.
Figure 6 present a microgrid system. it shows that microgrid
has three area that are interconnected to each other. That is
DG, Local load and single connection to the grid. On the
electrical distribution network during faults to guarantee
continuity microgrid can be operated in islanded mode or in
grid-connected. To ensure the stability of the islanded power
system it is critical to have a control system during the change
from grid-connected to islanded operation. Figure 8: for differential protection network of IP/MPLS

b. IEC 61850-9-2 Sampled Values

For giving transport bar security the substation local area
networks like LANs generally using IEC 61850-9-2 SV
communications. Using IP/MPLS for wide-area SV
communications this explores the potential

Figure 6: prototype IEDs and Microgrid system

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: B15230982S1119/2019©BEIESP
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1523.0982S1119
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 Intelligent Electronic Device Functionality and Interfacing: An Experimental Examination of Smart Grid

Figure 9: over IP/MPLS using GOOSE and SV Differential Figure 11: Instrumentation virtuality
protection
VIII. CONCLUSION
VII. SMART GRID EVOLUTION: A NEW GENERATION OF For power framework application correspondence is
INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICES
significant. Presently in decades ago to improve the control
To make a more efficient, smarter electrical power grid the and insurance of correspondence a few strategies are created.
evolution of advanced technologies can be consider as “smart These procedures additionally mange the impact of dispersed
grid”. The main objective to develop these technologies is to age, for rebuilding and quick acting assurance empowering,
solve the complex problems that are facing by grid systems and for trustworthiness and checking of wide territory system.
[11]. The intelligence electronic devices are the gadgets like
voltage controllers, electrical switch controllers, insurance
The previous grid devices cannot support the demands of transfers which depend on microchip. They have capacity to
modern energy, changing network prerequisites and convey utilizing sequential correspondence with different
measures, increments in conveyed vitality sources, with an
gadgets. The exploration work incorporates investigation of
utilization case model intended to help the necessities of
electrical sign, usefulness and utilization of IED in keen
substantial apparatus and lights alone. In this way for present
framework.
day progressions like electric vehicles, glaring lights or
computers have lack of support. The grid is depending on
closed hardware and software platforms and vendor-defined ACKNOWLEDGMENT
this is very large. To get as standards evolve and grid It is optional. The preferred spelling of the word
requirements that make it very challenging to accept. “acknowledgment” in American English is without an “e”
after the “g.” Use the singular heading even if you have many
acknowledgments. Avoid expressions such as “One of us
(S.B.A.) would like to thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author
thanks ” Sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are
placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page.

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Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: B15230982S1119/2019©BEIESP
3925 & Sciences Publication
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1523.0982S1119
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S11, September 2019

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Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: B15230982S1119/2019©BEIESP
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.B1523.0982S1119
3926 & Sciences Publication