A STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE STEEL FRAMEED WARE HOUSE

Introduction

The warehouse building is an important part of the logistics industry. With the rapid
development of the logistics industry, more and more owners consider building warehouses for
their own use or lease. The warehouse building design mainly includes the building’s layout, the
building structure, area, height, and enclosure system.

A Steel warehouse is a structural building, which is used by industries to store raw materials and
the produced ready goods. Steel warehouse is also called as the industrial building. There are two
types of industrial buildings such as normal type of industrial building and special type of
industrial building. Normal types of warehouses are the simple roofed structures on the open
frames. Special types of industrial warehouses are such as cold storage buildings, etc. In the steel
buildings such as the warehouses, the beams and columns are of steel sections of different
sectional dimensions. The steel framed structure could be erected for the several bays adjoining
each other based on the requirements. The horizontal and vertical bracings are provided
appropriately to the structure to resist lateral load properly. These bracings minimize the
deflection in beams or any other structural elements due to moving loads in the large industries.
Sheeting, supporting trusses and purlins are supported on the columns provided on the structural
roofing system.

2. Objectives

• To analyze the various loads acting on the structure.

• To analyze for the different load combinations as per the ES EN code.

• To design the industrial warehouse as per its drawing details.

• To calculate the material quantity for the optimized design.

3. LOAD CALCULATION ON WARE HOUSE

3.1 WIND LOAD ANALYSIS

2.7694m

24m

DESIGN OF STEEL FRAMED WARE HOUSE AS PER EBSC-1-1995 CODE

 Wind forces are variable loads which act directly on the internal and external surface of
structures. The intensity of wind load on a structure is related to the square of the wind velocity
and the dimensions of the members that are resisting the wind (frontal area). Wind velocity is
dependent on geographical location, the height of the structure, the topography of the area and
the roughness of the surrounding terrain.

3.1 External pressure

External pressure, We, is obtained from:

We = qref*Ce (Ze)*Cpe.............................................................................. (3.5.2 EBCS-1, 1995)

Where: Cpe - is the external pressure Coefficient, Ce (Ze) - is the exposure coefficient

qref - is the reference wind pressure

3.1.1 Reference wind pressure (qref)

The reference velocity determined based on the code provisions as mentioned above, shall be
used to determine another quantity by name reference wind pressure. The air density is affected
by altitude and depends on the temperature and pressure to be expected in the region during wind
storms. A temperature of 20˚C has been selected as appropriate for Ethiopia and the variation of
mean atmospheric pressure with altitude is given in table 3.1 of EBCS 1 as below.

1
qref= *𝜌*Vref2 ……………………..EBCS-1, 1995 (3.7.1)
2

Vref=CDIR*CTEM*CALT*Vref,o ………………………..……….EBCS 1, 1995(3.7.2)

Where,

 Vref,o is the basic value of the reference wind velocity to be taken as 22m/sec.
 CDIR is the direction factor to be taken as 1.0,
 CTEM is the temporary (seasonal) factor to be taken as 1.0
 CALT is the altitude factor to be taken as 1.0
Assuming the first three coefficients as unity and taking Vref,o =22 m/s (is the mean wind
velocity at 10m above farm land averaged over a period of 10 minutes with a return of 50 years).

Vref=1*1*1*22m/ s =22m/ s

DESIGN OF STEEL FRAMED WARE HOUSE AS PER EBSC-1-1995 CODE

3.1.2 Roughness coefficient Cr(Ze)

The roughness coefficient Cr (ze) accounts for the variability of mean wind velocity due to the
height of the structure above the ground level and the roughness of the terrain.

It is defined by the logarithmic relationship

Cr (Ze)=Kt∗ln (Ze/ Zo)for Zmin< Ze<200 m

¿ Cr (Zmin)for Ze< Zmin

Where:

 Kt is the terrain factor

 Zo is the roughness length
Terrain categories

Considering the terrain category of the site is category IV with the following coefficients

KT=0.24 Zo=1.0m Zmin=16m Ze=Height of the building =4m+2.7694m=6.7694m

Ct(z ) =1 for φ<0.05

Ct(z ) =1+2S φ for 0.05≤ φ <0.3
Ct(z ) =1+0.6 S for φ >0.3
Assu
Φ=H/L=30/500=0.06,so we can calculate Ct(z )by using Ct(z ) =1+2S φ for 0.05≤
φ=0.06<0.3
Ct(z ) =1+2(0.4667) 0.06=1.056
7∗Kr
Ce (Ze) =Cr2(Ze)*Ct2(Ze)[1+ )]
Cr ( z )∗Ct ( z )

7∗0.24
Ce(Ze) = 0.672*1.0562*[1+ )]=1.76
0.67∗1

The location of the building is Dire Dawa so the elevation above sea level is 1204m, so the
density of air should be determined as

kg
=>ρ=1.035 ……………………..… from Table 2.3EBSC EN
m3

Finally, the reference wind pressure as

DESIGN OF STEEL FRAMED WARE HOUSE AS PER EBSC-1-1995 CODE

 kN
qref= 0.5*(1.035kg / m3) *(22m / s) 2 =250.47N/m2 =0.25047
m2

Then the external wind pressure on the surfaces of the building is given as

We=qref*Ce (Ze)*Cpe= 0.25047*1.76*Cpe =0.44*Cpe

3.1.3 External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe)

External pressure coefficient for buildings and individual parts of buildings depends on the size
of loaded area A. They are given for loaded areas A of 1m 2 and 10m2 in relevant tables for
appropriate building configurations as Cpe,1 and Cpe,10 respectively. The roof type is Flat roof.

sections F G H J I
- + - + - + - + - +
Area(m2) 4.58 55.84 511.2 64.99 511.2
Cpe, 0.87 0.16 0.88 0.16 0.36 0.16 0.44 0 0.76 0.12
Cpi 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.3

Cpe- Cpi 0.67 0.46 0.68 0.46 0.16 0.46 0.24 0.3 0.56 0.42

DESIGN OF STEEL FRAMED WARE HOUSE AS PER EBSC-1-1995 CODE

We(kN) 0.295 0.20 0.3 0.20 0.07 0.202 0.105 0.132 0.246 0.185
2 2
The Critical external wind pressure (We) = +0.202KN/m

3.2 Internal Wind Pressure (Wi)

For closed buildings with internal partitions and opening windows the extreme values of internal
pressure coefficients are ----the worst case

Wind pressure inside the roof of the building is calculated as

W i =qref ∗Ce ( Zi )∗C pi = 0.44*Cpi

C pi =0.8∨C pi =−0.5

Wi=0.44*0.8 =0.352KN/m2

Wi = 0.44*(-0.5) =-0.22KN/m2

3.3 Net Pressure (Wnet)

The net wind pressure across an element is the difference of the pressures on each surface taking
due account of their signs.

W net =W e −W i

Wnet =(0.202-0.352)kN=-0.15KN/m2

Wnet = (0.202-(-0.22)) KN =0.422kN/m2

The Critical Net Wind Pressure (Wnet) =0.422KN/m2

3.2 DESIGN OF EGA 300mm-SHEET LOADS

EGA sheet-300, the relevant data from Kaliti factory

 Thickness =0.4mm

 Width=823mm

 Weight=3.14kg/m

 Moment of inertia=54267mm4

 Section modulus (Sx-x)=1578mm3

 Area=400mm2

DESIGN OF STEEL FRAMED WARE HOUSE AS PER EBSC-1-1995 CODE

  Per meter width Ix-x=65938mm4

 Sx=1917mm4

3.2.1 DEAD LOAD OF COMPONENTS

Load on EGA-sheet per m2 = 3.14kg/m3*9.81m/sec2/0.735*103m=0.042KN/m2

So DL=0.042KN/m2

Assume a live load (LL=1KN) …………………. from EBCS-1-1995

Qk=1KN/0.735m =1.36KN/m

Case-I Load Perpendicular to EGA-sheet

2.7694
The pitch angle for the flat roof ꭤ =tan-1( ) =12.995o≈ 13°
12

 DL= 0.042*cos13o=0.04KN/m2

 Qk= 1.36*cos13o=1.325KN/m

Case-II Load parallel to EGA sheet

•DL =0.042*sin13o=0.0095KN/m2

•Qk= 1.36*sin13o=0.31KN/m

Therefore, Take the Max. Values of loads from the above two cases for Design.

DL=0.04KN/m2 & Qk =1.325KN/m

Load Combinations

Safety factors for favorable and unfavorable load conditions indicated below are adopted from
specified for buildings in 6.4.1(1) of EBCS EN 1990:2013.

 γG= 1.0 for favorable condition (permanent)

 γG= 1.350 for unfavorable condition (permanent)

 γQ=1.50 for live and wind loads

Case I –Unfavorable permanent & live load (Combo1)

Nsd=1.35DL+1.5LL

Nsd =1.35*0.422KN/m2 *0.823m +1.5*1.36KN/m

DESIGN OF STEEL FRAMED WARE HOUSE AS PER EBSC-1-1995 CODE

*0.823m =0.044KN/m+1.64KN

From Architectural drawing purlin spacing =0.9959m

0.044 KN
Wl2 Pl ∗(0.9959 m)2 1.325 KN ∗0.9959 m
Mmax = + 4 = m + 4
= 0.335KN-m
8
8

Case II –Favorable Condition permanent & wind load

Qk, wind=-0.449KN/m
Nsd =1.0DL+1.5* Qk, wind=1.0*0.0364KN/m2+1.5*(-0.449KN/m2) =-0.6371KN/m2*0.823m =-
0.524KN/m

−0.524 KN
Wl2 ¿(0.9959 m)2
Mmax = = m =-0.065KN-m
8
8

Therefore, the Maximum Moment is a Design Moment which is it = 0.369KN-m

Capacity of EGA sheat-300

 Section modules=1578mm3

 Allowable stress =MPa

 Moment of inertia =54267mm4

DESIGN OF STEEL FRAMED WARE HOUSE AS PER EBSC-1-1995 CODE