N21/5/MATHX/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX

–3– 8821 – 7101

Full marks1are
Monday not necessarily
November awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be
2021 (afternoon)
supported by working and/or explanations. Where an answer is incorrect,
Candidatesome marks
session may be given
number
for a correct method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show all
working.
2 hours

Answer questions.
Write your sessionAnswers
numbermust in thebeboxes
written within the answer boxes provided. Working may be
above.
continued
Do notbelow
open the
thislines, if necessary.
examination paper until instructed to do so.
You are not permitted access to any calculator for this paper.
[Maximum
Section mark: 4]
A: answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
Section B: answer all questions in the answer booklet provided. Fill in your session number
ondythe front of the answer booklet, and attach 3 it to this examination paper and your
cos x
Given thatcover sheet andtagy provided.
2 when x , find y in terms of x .
dx using
4 the 4
Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers should be given exactly or
. . . . . copy
A clean . . . . .of. .the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is
. . required
. . . . . . . for
..
this
. . paper.
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The maximum mark for this examination paper is .
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. . . –. 7101
.
.[Maximum
. . . . . . . .mark:
. . . . .9]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2x + 4
.The . . . . . . . f. .is. defined
. . .function . . . f. .( x. ). =
. . . . . . by . . . . . .x . . . . ,. x. . . 3. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ,. where
3− x
.(a)
. . . .Write
. . . . .down
. . . . the
. . .equation
. . . . . . . of
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(i) the vertical asymptote of the graph of f ;

(ii) the horizontal asymptote of the graph of f . [2]

(b) Find the coordinates where the graph of f crosses

(i) the x-axis;

(ii) the y-axis. [2]

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8821 – 7101
.14
. . pages
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ©. .International
. . . . . . . . .Baccalaureate
. . . . . . . . . .Organization
. . . . . . . . 2021
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16EP03
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 –5– 8821 – 7101

(c) Sketch the graph of f on the axes below. [1]

15

10

x
15 10 5 0 5 10 15

10

15

ax + 4
The function g is defined by g ( x ) = , where x , x 3 and a .
3− x
1
(d) Given that g x g x , determine the value of a . [4]

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–6– 8821 – 7101
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[Maximum
. . . . . . . . . mark:
. . . . . 5]
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Solve the equation log 3 x = ( )
+ log 4 x3 , where x 0 .
. . 2.3. . . . . 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. .log
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16EP05
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 –7– 8821 – 7101

[Maximum mark: 5]

Box 1 contains 5 red balls and 2 white balls.

Box 2 contains 4 red balls and 3 white balls.

(a) A box is chosen at random and a ball is drawn. Find the probability that the ball is red. [3]

Let A be the event that “box 1 is chosen” and let R be the event that “a red ball is drawn”.

(b) Determine whether events A and R are independent. [2]

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–8– 8821 – 7101
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. . . . . . . . .mark:
[Maximum . . . . .7]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The function f is defined for all x . The line with equation y 6x 1 is the tangent to
the graph of f at x 4 .

(a) Write down the value of f 4 . [1]

(b) Find f 4 . [1]

The function g is defined for all x where g x x2 3x and h x f g x .

(c) Find h 4 . [2]

(d) Hence find the equation of the tangent to the graph of h at x 4. [3]

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 –9– 8821 – 7101

[Maximum mark: 7]

6 2 x2 5x 3
(a) Show that 2 x 3 , x , x 1. [2]
x 1 x 1
6 π
(b) Hence or otherwise, solve the equation 2 sin 2θ − 3 − = 0 for 0 ,θ≠ . [5]
sin 2θ − 1 4

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– 10 – 8821 – 7101

[Maximum mark: 7]

The equation 3px2 2px 1 p has two real, distinct roots.

(a) Find the possible values for p . [5]

(b) Consider the case when p 4 . The roots of the equation can be expressed in
a 13
the form x , where a . Find the value of a . [2]
6

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 – 11 – 8821 – 7101

[Maximum mark: 7]

dy ln 2 x 2y 1
Solve the differential equation , x 0 , given that y 4 at x .
dx x2 x 2
Give your answer in the form y f x .

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. . . . . . . . .mark:
[Maximum . . . . .7]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
Consider the expression 1 x where a , a 0.
1 ax
The binomial expansion of this expression, in ascending powers of x , as far as the term in x2
is 4bx bx2 , where b .

(a) Find the value of a and the value of b . [6]

(b) State the restriction which must be placed on x for this expansion to be valid. [1]

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16EP11

 Do write solutions on this page.

Answer questions in the answer booklet provided. Please start each question on a new page.

[Maximum mark: 16]

A particle P moves along the x-axis. The velocity of P is v m s 1 at time t seconds,

where v t 4 4t 3t2 for 0 t 3 . When t 0 , P is at the origin O .

(a) (i) Find the value of t when P reaches its maximum velocity.

88
(ii) Show that the distance of P from O at this time is metres. [7]
27
(b) Sketch a graph of v against t , clearly showing any points of intersection
with the axes. [4]

(c) Find the total distance travelled by P . [5]

[Maximum mark: 14]

dn 2 x
(a) Prove by mathematical induction that
dx n
( x e ) =  x 2 + 2nx + n ( n − 1) e x for n . [7]
N21/5/MATHX/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX
(b) Hence or otherwise, determine the Maclaurin series of f x x2ex in ascending powers
4
of x , up to and including the term in x . [3]

 x 2e x − x 2 ( ) 
3

– 14 –
Hence or otherwise, determine the value of lim  . 8821 – 7101
(c) 9 [4]
x →0  x 
 
Do write solutions on this page.

[Maximum mark: 22]

Consider the equation z 1 3 i, z . The roots of this equation are 1, 2 and 3,

where Im 2 0 and Im 3 0.
π
i
(a) (i) Verify that ω1 = 1 + e 6 is a root of this equation.

(ii) Find 2 and 3, expressing these in the form a ei , where a and 0. [6]

The roots 1 , 2 and 3 are represented by the points A, B and C respectively on an

Argand diagram.

(b) Plot the points A, B and C on an Argand diagram. [4]

(c) Find AC. [3]

3
Consider the equation z 1 iz3 , z .

1
(d) By using de Moivre’s theorem, show that α = π
is a root of this equation. [3]
i
1− e 6
16EP13
(e) Determine the value of Re . [6]

7
8
 –2– 8821 – 7102

Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be
Mathematics:
supported by workinganalysis and approaches
and/or explanations. Solutions found from a graphic display calculator should be
supported by
Higher level suitable working. For example, if graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch
these as part of your answer. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct
Paper 2
method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show all working.

Tuesday 2 November 2021 (morning) Section A

Candidate session number
Answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided. Working may be
continued
2 hours below the lines, if necessary.
1. [Maximum mark: 7]
Instructions to candidates
In Lucy’s music academy, eight students took their piano diploma examination and achieved
Write
scoresyour
outsession number
of 150. For in the boxes
her records, above. to record the average number of hours per
Lucy decided
Do not open this examination paper until
week each student reported practising in the instructed to dotoso.
weeks prior their examination. These results
Aare
graphic display calculator is required
summarized in the table below. for this paper.
Section A: answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
Section B: answer all questions in the answer booklet provided. Fill in your session number
Average weekly practice
28 13 45 33 17 29 39 36
time h on the front of the answer booklet, and attach it to this examination paper and your
cover sheet using the tag provided.
Unless otherwise
Diploma D
score stated in the question,
115 all numerical
82 120 answers
116 should79 be 101
given exactly
110 or 121

A(a)
cleanFind
copyPearson’s
of the mathematics:
product-momentanalysis and coefficient,
correlation approaches r , formula
for these booklet
data. is required for[2]
this paper.
The
(b) maximum mark forbetween
The relationship this examination paper
the variables canisbe
[110 marks].
modelled by the regression
equation D ah b . Write down the value of a and the value of b . [1]

(c) One of these eight students was disappointed with her result and wished she had
practised more. Based on the given data, determine how her score could have been
expected to alter had she practised an extra five hours per week. [2]

(d) Lucy asserts that the number of hours a student practises has a direct effect on their
final diploma result. Comment on the validity of Lucy’s assertion. [1]

Lucy suspected that each student had not been practising as much as they reported. In order
to compensate for this, Lucy deducted a fixed number of hours per week from each of the
students’ recorded hours.

(e) State how, if at all, the value of r would be affected. [1]

(This question continues on the following page)

8821 – 7102
14 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2021
16EP02

16EP01

 –5– 8821 – 7102

2. [Maximum mark: 5]

Consider a triangle ABC , where AC 12 , CB ˆ

7 and BAC 25º .

Find the smallest possible perimeter of triangle ABC .

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3. [Maximum mark: 7]

A factory manufactures lamps. It is known that the probability that a lamp is found to be
defective is 0.05 . A random sample of 30 lamps is tested.

(a) Find the probability that there is at least one defective lamp in the sample. [3]

(b) Given that there is at least one defective lamp in the sample, find the probability that
there are at most two defective lamps. [4]

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16EP05

10

 –7– 8821 – 7102

4. [Maximum mark: 6]

The following diagram shows a semicircle with centre O and radius r . Points P , Q and R
ˆ
lie on the circumference of the circle, such that PQ 2r and ROQ q , where 0 .

P O Q

(a) Given that the areas of the two shaded regions are equal, show that 2 sin . [5]

(b) Hence determine the value of . [1]

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5. . . . . . . . . .mark:
[Maximum . . . . .9]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . n. . . . . . .r . . . . . . . . . .
2 7
The
. . . .sum
. . . .of. .the . . . n. .terms
. . .first . . . . .of
. .a. geometric
. . . . . . . . .sequence
. . . . . . . . is
. . given
. . . . .by ∑3 8
. . .S.n .=. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .
r =1

(a) Find the first term of the sequence, u1 . [2]

(b) Find S . [3]

(c) Find the least value of n such that S Sn 0.001 . [4]

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 –9– 8821 – 7102

6. [Maximum mark: 8]
3
(a) Prove the identity p q 3pq p q p3 q3 . [2]

The equation 2x2 5x 1 0 has two real roots, and .

1 1
Consider the equation x2 mx n 0 , where m , n and which has roots 3
and 3
.

(b) Without solving 2x2 5x 1 0 , determine the values of m and n . [6]

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7. [Maximum mark: 6]

A continuous random variable X has a probability density function given by

arccos x 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
f ( x) = 
 0 otherwise

The median of this distribution is m .

(a) Determine the value of m . [2]

(b) Given that P X m a 0.3 , determine the value of a . [4]

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16EP09
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8. [Maximum mark: 8]

Consider the curve C given by y x xy ln xy where x 0, y 0.

dy  dy 
(a) Show that +  x + y  (1 + ln ( xy ) ) = 1 . [3]
dx  dx 
(b) Hence find the equation of the tangent to C at the point where x 1. [5]

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16EP11

13

 Do not write solutions on this page.

Section B

Answer all questions in the answer booklet provided. Please start each question on a new page.

9. [Maximum mark: 15]

The height of water, in metres, in Dungeness harbour is modelled by the

function H t a sin b t c d , where t is the number of hours after midnight,
and a , b , c and d are constants, where a 0 , b 0 and c 0 .

The following graph shows the height of the water for 13 hours, starting at midnight.

H t

10

t
0 5 10

The first high tide occurs at 04:30 and the next high tide occurs 12 hours later. Throughout
the day, the height of the water fluctuates between 2.2 m and 6.8 m .

All heights are given correct to one decimal place.

π
(a) Show that b = . [1]
6
N21/5/MATHX/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
(b) Find the value of a . [2]

(c) Find the value of d . [2]

(d) Find the smallest possible value of c . – 13 – [3]

8821 – 7102

(e) Find the height of the water at 12:00. [2]

Do not write solutions on this page.
(f) Determine the number of hours, over a 24-hour period, for which the tide is higher
(Question 9 continued)
than 5 metres. [3]

A fisherman
(This question notes that on
continues thethe
water heightpage)
following at nearby Folkestone harbour follows the same
sinusoidal pattern as that of Dungeness harbour, with the exception that high tides (and low
tides) occur 50 minutes earlier than at Dungeness.

(g) Find a suitable equation that may be used to model the tidal height of water at
Folkestone harbour. 16EP12
[2]

10. [Maximum mark: 18]

x 2 − x − 12 15
Consider the function f ( x ) = , x∈ ,x≠ .
2 x − 15 2
(a) Find the coordinates where the graph of f crosses the

(i) x-axis;

(ii) y-axis.
14 [3]

(b) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of the graph of f . [1]

15
 (g) Find a suitable equation that may be used to model the tidal height of water at
Folkestone harbour. [2]

10. [Maximum mark: 18]

x 2 − x − 12 15
Consider the function f ( x ) = , x∈ ,x≠ .
2 x − 15 2
(a) Find the coordinates where the graph of f crosses the

(i) x-axis;

(ii) y-axis. [3]

(b) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of the graph of f . [1]

(c) The oblique asymptote of the graph of f can be written as y ax b where a , b .

Find the value of a and the value of b . [4]

(d) Sketch the graph of f for 30 x 30 , clearly indicating the points of intersection with
each axis and any asymptotes. [3]

1
(e) (i) Express in partial fractions.
f ( x)
3
1
(ii) Hence find the exact value of ∫ f ( x ) dx , expressing your answer as a
0
single logarithm. [7]

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16EP13

16

 Do not write solutions on this page.

11. [Maximum mark: 21]

Three points A 3 , 0 , 0 , B 0 , 2 , 0 and C 1 , 1 , 7 lie on the plane 1.

(a) (i) Find the vector AB and the vector AC .

(ii) Hence find the equation of 1 , expressing your answer in the

form ax by cz d , where a , b , c , d . [7]

Plane 2 has equation 3x y 2z 2.

(b) The line L is the intersection of 1 and 2. Verify that the vector equation of L can be
 0 1
   
written as r =  −2  + λ  1  . [2]
 0  −1
   
(c) The plane 3 is given by 2x 2z 3 . The line L and the plane 3 intersect at the point P .

3
(i) Show that at the point P , λ = .
4
(ii) Hence find the coordinates of P . [3]

(d) The point B 0 , 2 , 0 lies on L .

(i) Find the reflection of the point B in the plane 3.

(ii) Hence find the vector equation of the line formed when L is reflected in the
plane 3 . [9]

16EP14

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18
 N21/5/MATHX/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX

Mathematics: analysis and approaches

–2– 8821 – 7103
Higher level
Paper 3
Answer all questions in the answer booklet provided. Please start each question on a new page. Full
marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be supported
by working and/or explanations. Solutions found from a graphic display calculator should be supported
Tuesday 9 November 2021 (morning)
by suitable working. For example, if graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part
of your answer. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct method, provided
this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show all working.
1 hour
1. [Maximum mark: 25]
Instructions to candidates
In this question you will explore some of the properties of special functions f and g
Do
andnottheir
openrelationship
this examination paper
with the until instructed
trigonometric to do so.
functions, sine and cosine.
A graphic display calculator is required for this paper.
Answer all the questions in the answer booklet e z + eprovided.
−z
e z − e− z
Functions f and g are defined as f ( z ) =
Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical and g ( z ) =
answers should , where z exactly
be given . or
2 2
AConsider
clean copy t and u , such
of the that t , u
mathematics: .
analysis and approaches formula booklet is required for
this paper.
The d 2u
(a) maximum mark
Verify that u for
f tthis examination
satisfies paper isequation
the differential [55 marks]. u. [2]
dt 2
(b) Show that f t 2 g t 2 f 2t . [3]

(c) Using eiu cos u i sin u , find expressions, in terms of sin u and cos u , for

(i) f iu ; [3]

(ii) g iu . [2]
2 2
(d) Hence find, and simplify, an expression for f iu g iu . [2]
2 2 2
(e) Show that f t g t f iu g i u 2. [4]

The functions cos x and sin x are known as circular functions as the general
point cos , sin defines points on the unit circle with equation x2 y2 1 .

The functions f x and g x are known as hyperbolic functions, as the general

point f ,g defines points on a curve known as a hyperbola with
equation x2 y2 1 . This hyperbola has two asymptotes.

(f) Sketch the graph of x2 y2 1 , stating the coordinates of any axis intercepts and the
equation of each asymptote. [4]

The hyperbola with equation x2 y2 1 can be rotated to coincide with the curve defined
by xy k , k .

(g) Find the possible values of k . [5]

8821 – 7103
3 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2021

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2. [Maximum mark: 30]

In this question you will be exploring the strategies required to solve a system of
linear differential equations.

Consider the system of linear differential equations of the form:

dx dy
x y and ax y,
dt dt
where x , y , t and a is a parameter.

First consider the case where a 0.

dy
(a) (i) By solving the differential equation y , show that y Aet where A is
a constant. dt [3]

dx
(ii) Show that x Aet . [1]
dt
(iii) Solve the differential equation in part (a)(ii) to find x as a function of t . [4]

Now consider the case where a 1.

dy d2 y dy
(b) (i) By differentiating x y with respect to t , show that 2 2 . [3]
dt dt dt
dy
(ii) By substituting Y , show that Y Be2t where B is a constant. [3]
dt
(iii) Hence find y as a function of t . [2]

B 2t
(iv) Hence show that x e C , where C is a constant. [3]
2
Now consider the case where a 4.

d2 y dy
(c) (i) Show that 2 3y 0. [3]
dt 2 dt
From previous cases, we might conjecture that a solution to this differential equation
is y Fe t, and F is a constant.

d2 y dy
(ii) Find the two values for that satisfy 2 3y 0. [4]
dt 2 dt
Let the two values found in part (c)(ii) be 1 and 2.

(iii) Verify that y = Fe 1t + Ge 2t is a solution to the differential equation in (c)(i),

where G is a constant. [4]

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