ANSWER: 

13-5 Probabilities of Independent and Dependent Events independent;  or 30%

CCSS REASONING  Determine whether the  8. In a bag of 3 green and 4 blue marbles, a blue marble

events are independent or dependent. Then find is drawn and not replaced. Then, a second blue
the probability. marble is drawn.
6. In a game, you roll an even number on a die and then
SOLUTION:  
spin a spinner numbered 1 through 5 and get an odd
number. These events are dependent since a blue marble is
not replaced before the second draw.
SOLUTION:    
Since the probability of the fist event does not affect If two events A and B are dependent, then P(A and
the probability of the second event, these are B) = P(A) · P(B|A).
independent events.  

 
If two events A and B are independent, then P(A and
B) = P(A) · P(B).
  ANSWER:  

dependent; or about 29%

10. GAMES In a game, the spinner is spun and a coin is

tossed. What is the probability of getting an even
number on the spinner and the coin landing on tails?

ANSWER:  

independent;  or 30%

8. In a bag of 3 green and 4 blue marbles, a blue marble

is drawn and not replaced. Then, a second blue
SOLUTION:  
marble is drawn.
Since the probability of the first event does not affect
SOLUTION:   the probability of the second event, these are
These events are dependent since a blue marble is independent events.
not replaced before the second draw.
 
If two events A and B are dependent, then P(A and
B) = P(A) · P(B|A). If two events A and B are independent, then P(A and
  B) = P(A)P(B).
 

ANSWER:  

dependent; or about 29% ANSWER:  

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero or 25% Page 1

10. GAMES In a game, the spinner is spun and a coin is
tossed. What is the probability of getting an even
number on the spinner and the coin landing on tails? 12. VACATION A work survey found that 8 out of
 ANSWER:   ANSWER:  
13-5dependent;
Probabilitiesorofabout
Independent
29% and Dependent Events or 25%

10. GAMES In a game, the spinner is spun and a coin is 12. VACATION A work survey found that 8 out of
tossed. What is the probability of getting an even every 10 employees went on vacation last summer.
number on the spinner and the coin landing on tails? If 3 employees’ names are randomly chosen, with
replacement, what is the probability that all 3
employees went on vacation last summer?
SOLUTION:  
Since the probability of the fist event does not affect
the probability of the second event, these are
independent events. Let V represent selecting people
who went on vacation last summer.
SOLUTION:    
Since the probability of the first event does not affect
the probability of the second event, these are
independent events.

If two events A and B are independent, then P(A and

B) = P(A)P(B). ANSWER:  
 
or about 51%

14. A red marble is selected at random from a bag of 2

blue and 9 red marbles and not replaced. What is the
probability that a second marble selected will be red?
SOLUTION:  
ANSWER:   A red marble is selected at random. The chosen
marble is not replaced before the second draw.
or 25% Therefore, the number of red marbles becomes 8 and
the total number of marbles in the bag is 10.
12. VACATION A work survey found that 8 out of The probability of drawing second red marble of 8
every 10 employees went on vacation last summer.
red marbles out of 10 marbles is . 
If 3 employees’ names are randomly chosen, with
replacement, what is the probability that all 3
employees went on vacation last summer?
SOLUTION:  
 
Since the probability of the fist event does not affect
the probability of the second event, these are
independent events. Let V represent selecting people
ANSWER:  
who went on vacation last summer.
  or 80%

16. A quadrilateral has a perimeter of 12 and all of the

side lengths are odd integers. What is the probability
that the quadrilateral is a rhombus?
SOLUTION:  
Possible outcomes { (1, 3, 5, 3), (1, 1, 5, 5), (3, 3, 3,
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
ANSWER:   3), (1, 1, 1, 9), (7, 1, 1, 3)} Page 2
Number of possible outcomes: 5
or about 51% Favorable outcomes: {(3, 3, 3, 3)}
 ANSWER:  
13-5 Probabilities of Independent and Dependent Events ANSWER:  
or 80%
0.14

16. A quadrilateral has a perimeter of 12 and all of the 20. PROOF Use the formula for the probability of two
side lengths are odd integers. What is the probability dependent events P(A and B) to derive the
that the quadrilateral is a rhombus? conditional probability formula for P(B|A).
SOLUTION:   SOLUTION:  
Possible outcomes { (1, 3, 5, 3), (1, 1, 5, 5), (3, 3, 3, Use the formula for the probability of two dependent
3), (1, 1, 1, 9), (7, 1, 1, 3)} events to derive the formula for finding the
Number of possible outcomes: 5 conditional probability that an event occurs given that
Favorable outcomes: {(3, 3, 3, 3)} another event as already occurred.
Number of favorable outcomes: 1  
The probability of getting the quadrilateral is a
rhombus is . 
 
ANSWER:  

ANSWER:  

or 20%  

22. VACATION A random survey was conducted to

18. CLASSES The probability that a student takes determine where families vacationed. The results
geometry and French at Satomi’s school is 0.064. indicated that P(B) = 0.6, P(B ∩ M ) = 0.2, and the
The probability that a student takes French is 0.45. probability that a family did not vacation at either
What is the probability that a student takes geometry destination is 0.1.
if the student takes French?
SOLUTION:  

a. What is the probability that a family vacations in

the mountains?
b. What is the probability that a family that has
ANSWER:   already visited the beach will also visit the
0.14 mountains?

20. PROOF Use the formula for the probability of two SOLUTION:  

dependent events P(A and B) to derive the a. We are given P(B), P(B ∩ M ) = 0.2, and P
conditional probability formula for P(B|A). (neither).
 
SOLUTION:  
Refer to the diagram.
Use the formula for the probability of two dependent
events to derive the formula for finding the
conditional probability that an event occurs given that
another event as already occurred.
 

P(B) [the entire blue circle] = 0.6

 
 
ANSWER:   P(B ∩ M ) [the diamond-shaped intersection of the
two circles] is the probability that they vacationed at
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero both places. P(B ∩ M ) = 0.2. Page 3
 
  P(neither) [the white background] = 0.1
 ANSWER:  
ANSWER:  
13-5 Probabilities of Independent and Dependent Events a. 0.3
  b. 0.33

22. VACATION A random survey was conducted to 24. CCSS ARGUMENTS  There are n different

determine where families vacationed. The results objects in a bag. The probability of drawing object A
indicated that P(B) = 0.6, P(B ∩ M ) = 0.2, and the and then object B without replacement is about 2.4%.
probability that a family did not vacation at either What is the value of n? Explain.
destination is 0.1.
SOLUTION:  
When there are n objects, the probability of randomly
selecting one of the objects, object A, is . 
Since A was not replaced, there are now n – 1
objects left and the probability of randomly selecting
a. What is the probability that a family vacations in object B is .
the mountains?
b. What is the probability that a family that has  
already visited the beach will also visit the
mountains?
SOLUTION:  
a. We are given P(B), P(B ∩ M ) = 0.2, and P
(neither).  
  Use the quadratic formula to find the value of n.
Refer to the diagram.

 
P(B) [the entire blue circle] = 0.6 The number of objects is an integer value, so the
  value of n must equal 7. 
P(B ∩ M ) [the diamond-shaped intersection of the  
two circles] is the probability that they vacationed at  
both places. P(B ∩ M ) = 0.2.
  ANSWER:  
P(neither) [the white background] = 0.1 7; Sample answer: The probability of drawing object
 
If P(neither) = 0.1 and P(B) = 0.6, then P(M ) = 1 – A is , and the probability of drawing object B when
(0.1 + 0.6) = 0.3. Remember that the sum of the
probabilities is 1. object A is not replaced is . Since we know that
 
b. We are looking for P(B|M ). the probability is 2.4%, .
 
Solve this equation to determine that n is 7.

26. OPEN ENDED Describe a pair of independent

ANSWER:   events and a pair of dependent events. Explain your
a. 0.3 reasoning.
b. 0.33 SOLUTION:  
Think about the difference between dependent and
24. CCSS ARGUMENTS  There are n different independent events. What sets them apart?
objects in a bag. The probability of drawing object A  
and then
eSolutions object
Manual B without
- Powered replacement is about 2.4%.
by Cognero
Sample answer: Flipping a coin two times represents
Page 4
What is the value of n? Explain. an independent event. Regardless of the outcome of
SOLUTION:   the first flip, the probability of getting heads and tails
 object A is not replaced is . Since we know that on the second flip does not change. Drawing two
colored marbles out of a bag without replacing the
the probability is 2.4%, . first marble represents a dependent event. Based on
13-5 Probabilities of Independent and Dependent Events the color of the first marble, the probability that the
Solve this equation to determine that n is 7. second marble will be a specific color will change.

26. OPEN ENDED Describe a pair of independent 28. PROBABILITY Shannon will be assigned at

events and a pair of dependent events. Explain your random to 1 of 6 P.E. classes throughout the day and
reasoning. 1 of 3 lunch times. What is the probability that she
will be in the second P.E. class and the first lunch?
SOLUTION:  
Think about the difference between dependent and A
independent events. What sets them apart?
  B
Sample answer: Flipping a coin two times represents
an independent event. Regardless of the outcome of
C
the first flip, the probability of getting heads and tails
on the second flip does not change. Drawing two
colored marbles out of a bag without replacing the D
first marble represents a dependent event. Based on
the color of the first marble, the probability that the SOLUTION:  
second marble will be a specific color will change. Since the probability of the fist event does not affect
the probability of the second event, these are
ANSWER:   independent events.
Sample answer: Flipping a coin two times represents
an independent event. Regardless of the outcome of
the first flip, the probability of getting heads and tails
on the second flip does not change. Drawing two
colored marbles out of a bag without replacing the
first marble represents a dependent event. Based on If two events A and B are independent, then P(A and
the color of the first marble, the probability that the B) = P(A)P(B).
second marble will be a specific color will change.  

28. PROBABILITY Shannon will be assigned at

random to 1 of 6 P.E. classes throughout the day and
1 of 3 lunch times. What is the probability that she
will be in the second P.E. class and the first lunch?
A  
So, the correct choice is A.
B ANSWER:  
A
C
30. GRIDDED RESPONSE A bag contains 7 red jelly
D beans, 11 yellow jelly beans, and 13 green jelly
beans. Victoro picks two jelly beans from the bag
without looking. What is the probability that Victoro
SOLUTION:  
picks a green one and then a red one? Write the
Since the probability of the fist event does not affect probability as a percent rounded to the nearest tenth.
the probability of the second event, these are
independent events. SOLUTION:  
The probability of drawing first green jelly bean of 13
green jelly beans out of 31 jelly beans is
.
If two events A and B are independent, then P(A and  
B) = P(A)P(B). The chosen jelly bean is not replaced before the
  second draw. Therefore, the total number of jelly
beans in the bag is 30.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5
The probability of drawing second red jelly bean of 7
red jelly beans out of 30 jelly beans is .
  
So, the correct choice is A.

13-5ANSWER:  
Probabilities of Independent and Dependent Events
A

30. GRIDDED RESPONSE A bag contains 7 red jelly

beans, 11 yellow jelly beans, and 13 green jelly
beans. Victoro picks two jelly beans from the bag
without looking. What is the probability that Victoro
picks a green one and then a red one? Write the
probability as a percent rounded to the nearest tenth.
SOLUTION:  
The probability of drawing first green jelly bean of 13
green jelly beans out of 31 jelly beans is
.
 
The chosen jelly bean is not replaced before the
second draw. Therefore, the total number of jelly
beans in the bag is 30.
The probability of drawing second red jelly bean of 7
red jelly beans out of 30 jelly beans is .
 

ANSWER:  
9.8

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