PROJECT REPORT

ON

“POWER GENERATION USING SPEED

BREAKER”
This Project Report Submitted To
Manoharbhai Patel Institute Of Engineering And
Technology Shahapur, Bhandara.
(Affiliated To Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University,
Nagpur) In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement
For The Award of The Degree
Of

Bachelor Of Engineering In Mechanical

Engineering By

Mr. Anup Singh Plaha Mr. Disuja Ukey

Mr. Arthav N. Nepale Mr. Shubham Hatwar
Mr. Bittu Haldar Mr. Tejas Gadpale

Under The Guidance Of

Prof.Ajay Motiwal

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Gondia Education Socity’s
MANOHARBHAI PATEL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SHAHAPUR , BHANDARA-441906
(Affiliated To Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University,
Nagpur) 2020-2021
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that the project report entitled “POWER GENERATION USING SPEED
BREAKER ” has been successfully completed by Mr. Anup Plaha , Mr. Arthav Nepale , Mr.Bittu
Haldar , Mr. Disuja Ukey , Mr .Shubham Hatwar , Mr.Tejas Gadpale , under the guidance of
Prof.Ajay Motiwal in recognition to the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of bachelor of
engineering in mechanical engineering, Manoharbhai Patel Institute Of Engineering And Technology,
Shahapur, Bhandara. (Affiliated To Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur).

Signature

Prof. Ajay Motiwal

(Project Guide)

Signature Signature Signature

Prof. S. Nagapure Prof. A. Motiwal (HOD, Dr. A. L. Nashine
(Project In-Charge) Mechanical Dept.) (Principal)
 DECLARATION

We Declare that,

The work contained in this project has been done by us under the guidance of my supervisor. The
work has not been submitted to any other institute for any degree or diploma. We have followed the
guidance provided by the institute in preparing the project report.

We have confirmed to the norms and guidance given in the ethical code of conduct of institute. Whenever
we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures and text) from other sources, we have given due
to credit to by citing them in the text of the report and giving their details in the references. Further we
have taken permission from the copyright owner of the sources, whenever necessary.

Members In Project

Name Signature

Mr. Anup Singh Plaha

Mr. Arthav Nepale
Mr. Bittu Haldar
Mr. Disuja Ukey
Mr. Shubham Hatwar
Mr. Tejas Gadpale
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are gratefully acknowledged to Dr. A. L. Nashine (Principal, M.I.E.T, Bhandara) for diving us the
opportunity to undergo the project work.

We are highly grateful to Prof. A.N. Motiwal (Assistance Professor, M.I.E.T, Bhandara) Mechanical
Engineering Department for, constant encouragement, precious and valuable guidance at every stage of
the seminar work.

We are also thankful to Prof. A. N. Motiwal, Head Of Mechanical Engineering Department without
taking any obligation against our project and giving permission to use workshop without any hesitation.

We wish to express to our sense of gratitude and grateful thanks to, who has guided us properly and given
constructive suggestions in the completion of our seminar and given constructive suggestions in the
completion of our seminar work.

We are also thankful to all the faculty member of Department Of Mechanical Engineering, M.I.E.T.
Bhandara, for their co-operation and valuable suggestions.

Mr. Anup Singh Plaha

Mr. Arthav Nepale
Mr. Bittu Haldar
Mr. Disuja Ukey
Mr . Shubham
Hatwar Mr. Tejas
Gadpale
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF SYMBOL
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1-2
1.2 MOTIVATION 2
1.3 MODIFICATION 2
CHAPTER 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 The International Journal of Engineering and Science, Volume 2, 3
‘Electricity Generation from Speed Breakers’
2.2 International Advanced Research Journal in Science 3

2.3 A Revolutionary Technique of Power Generation through 3

speed breakers

CHAPTER 3.0 OBJECTIVE 4

CHAPTER 4.0 CONSTRUCTION 5

4.1 GEAR 5
4.2 SPROCKET 6
4.3 SPRING 7
4.4 D C MOTOR 8
4.5 SHAFT 9

CHAPTER5.0 WORKING 10
5.1 DESIGN OF TOP AND BOTTOM ASSEMBLY 11

CHAPTER 6.0 DESIGN CALCULATION 12

6.1 GEARS CALCULATION 12
6.2 PINION GEAR CALCULATION 12
6.3 SPRING CALCULATION 13
6.4 SHAFT CALCULATION 13
6.5 SPEED CALCULATION 14
6.6 TORQUE CALCULATION 14
CHAPTER 7.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 15
CHAPTER 8.0 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE 16
8.1 ADVANTAGE 16
 8.2 DISADVANTAGE 17
CHAPTER 9.0 CONCLUSION 18
CHAPTER 10.0 FUTURE SCOPE 19
CHAPTER 11.0 REFERENCES 20-21
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE FIGURE NAME PAGE

NO. NO.
4.1 Speed Breaker Arrangement 5

4.2 Base Assembly 6

4.3 Top Assembly 6

5.1 Gear 7

5.2 Sprocket 8

5.3 Springs 9

5.4 D.C Motor 10

5.5 Shaft 11
 LIST OF SYMBOL

Sr. No Symbol Meaning Unit

1 T Number of teeth on -
gear
2 PCD Pitch Circular Ampere
Diameter
3 m Module -

4 ɸ Pressure Angle Degree

5 a Addendum Mm

6 b Deddendum Mm
7 W Weight kg

8 C Spring Index -

9  Shear Stress MPa

10  Torque N-m

11  Power Watts
 ABSTRACT

Electricity is generated by replacing the usual speed breakers with some simple mechanism. As
vehicles pass over the speed breakers, rack and pinion mechanism works and with the help of
high tension springs in turn generate electricity. This method is an effective way to produce
electricity as the number of vehicles is ever increasing. It can be effectively placed near toll
plazas, parking lots and other locations where density of vehicles is very high. A rack and
pinion, spring assembly mechanism is provided which transfer the motion to a DC
motor/generator for electricity generation. This method provides a cost effective way to
generate electricity from the mechanical energy of dynamic vehicles on roads.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

During last few decades, electrical energy is the basic requirement of human beings. The ratio
of electricity requirement is increasing day by day. But we know that the resources for power
generation are limited, and this has caused the energy crisis. The increasing power demand
results reduce in conventional resources for power generation and increase the pollutants
emissions. It is a need of time to think about non-conventional energy resources or renewable
energy resources which are eco-friendly to the environment. In order to minimise the emission
of greenhouse gases, renewable energy technologies are widely used for electricity generation.
Solar and wind technologies are frequently used for electricity generation.
Speed-breakers are movement quieting devices generally introduced to decrease speed related
mischances. Speed breakers are intended to be rolled over at a foreordained agreeable rate
while bringing on surpassing inconvenience at higher rates. The diminishment in normal
vehicular speed essentially enhances the security of individuals in the neighbouring territories.
These devices are most common in developing countries. Consequently, speed-breakers are
regular in numerous developing countries, including India, Chile, Egyptian Empire, Ghana and
Pakistan.
The flow of traffic on rushed load is control by the use of Speed Breakers. The annual rate of
motor vehicle growth in Pakistan is increasing day by day. The weight of vehicles in term of
potential energy can be utilized for electricity generation purposes. In this paper, we developed
a method of generating electricity using speed breaker on the roads. To obtain maximum power,
the flow of moving vehicles is very important. In this mechanism, a rack and pinions are used.
This mechanism converts the kinetic energy of moving vehicles into electric energy with the
help of speed breaker on the roads. This is generating many kilowatts of power by using
downward as well as the upward motion of rack. Downward motion is caused by load and
upward motion is due to restoring force utilizing more power.

1
Motivation
An energy crisis is any significant bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an
economy. Industrial development and population growth have led to a surge in the global
demand for energy in recent years. There is a current global need for clean and renewable
energy sources. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and require finite resources, which are
dwindling because of high cost and environmentally damaging retrieval techniques. So, the
need for cheap and obtainable resources is greatly needed.

Modification
This project attempts to show how energy can be tapped and used at a commonly used
system, the road speed breakers. The number of vehicles passing over the speed breaker in
roads is increasing day by day. A large amount of energy is wasted at the speed breakers
through the dissipation of heat and also through friction, every time a vehicle passes over it.
There is great possibility of tapping this energy and generating power by making the speed-
breaker as a power generation unit. The generated power can be used for the lamps, near the
speed breakers. The present work an attempt has been made to fabricate a bump, which can
utilize the kinetic energy of vehicles in power generation. This type of bump is best suited
for the places where the speed breaker is a necessity. The places like Toll bridges or on
vehicle parking stands are best for its utilization. The work also discusses the shortcomings
of existing methods and the ways it is countered by this method.

2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The International Journal of Engineering and Science, Volume 2,
‘Electricity Generation from Speed Breakers’ By Mishra A and Kale P.

The energy crisis is a bottleneck in the supply of energy resources to an economy.The studies to
sort out the energy crisis led to the idea of generating power using speed breaker. A large
amount of energy is wasted at the speed breakers through the dissipation and also through
friction, every time a vehicle passes over it.The generated power can be used for the lamps near
the speed breakers.The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth of the nation.A
recent survey on the energy consumption in India had published a report that 85,000 villages in
India do not still have electricity.

2.2 International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology,

Volume 7 By Prabhu G.R. and Ethiraj G.

Their electrical crisis has made them to implement this method to light up small villages of the
highway. The idea of basic physics to convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy that goes
waste when the vehicle runs over the speed breaker was used . Since then a lot has been done in
this field . The idea caught our working team and we have decided to develop such a project
that will produce more power and store it for use at night time as it proves to be a boon to the
economy of the country. The Burger King on U.S. Highway, customers pull in and out all day,
and at least 100,000 cars visit the drive through each year.

2.3 International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Volume 2, A

Revolutionary Technique of Power Generation through speed breakers By Gupta R,
Sharma S. and Gaykawad S.

A newly installed, mechanized speed bump will both help them slow down and harvest some of
that coasting energy. The weight of is used to throw a lever, explain Gerard Lynch,the engineer
behind the Motion Power System developed for New Energy Technologies, a Maryland based
company.

3
 CHAPTER 3

OBJECTIVES

1. The main objective behind this project is to use a non-conventional source of energy to
generate electricity at low cost.

2. To serve the purpose of reducing the energy crises by simple energy conversion

3.To tap the potentially useful potential energy from vehicles moving on the

road.

4.To provide an environment friendly power source.

5.To manufacture the present machine with cheaper rate.

6.To produce electricity by very low price.

7.To convert the kinetic energy of vehicle to potential energy which can be effectively
stored and used.

4
 CHAPTER 4

CONSTRUCTION
5.1 GEARS
Spur gears or straight-cut gears are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder or
disk with teeth projecting radially. Though the teeth are not straight-sided (but usually of
special form to achieve a constant drive ratio, mainly involute but less commonly cycloidal, the
edge of each tooth is straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. These gears mesh
together correctly only if fitted to parallel shafts. No axial thrust is created by the tooth loads.
Spur gears are excellent at moderate speeds but tend to be noisy at high speeds. Two gears out
of which one is a pinion and other is a larger gear are used here. These two gears mesh with one
another in order to transmit torque. Two gears working in tandem are called a transmission and
can produce a mechanical advantage through a gear ratio.

Fig 5.1- Spur Gear and Pinion

5
5.2 SPROCKET

The name "sprocket" applies generally to any wheel upon which are radial projections that
engage a chain passing over it. It is distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never
meshed together directly, and differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth.Sprockets are of
various designs; a maximum of efficiency being claimed for each by its originator. Sprockets
typically do not have a flange. Some sprockets used with timing belts have flanges to keep the
timing belt cantered. Sprockets and chains are also used for power transmission from one shaft
to another where slippage is not admissible, sprocket chains being used instead of belts or ropes
and sprocket-wheels instead of pulleys. They can be run at high speed and some forms of chain
are so constructed as to be noiseless even at high speeds. Sprockets are used
in bicycles, motorcycles, tracked vehicles, and other machinery either to transmit rotary motion
between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc.
Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may be found in the bicycle, in which the pedal
shaft carries a large sprocket-wheel, which drives a chain, which, in turn, drives a small
sprocket on the axle of the rear wheel.

Fig 5.2- Sprocket

6
5.3 SPRINGS

A spring is an elastic object that stores mechanical energy. Springs are typically made of spring
steel. There are many spring designs. In everyday use, the term often refers to coil springs.
When a conventional spring, without stiffness variability features, is compressed or stretched
from its resting position, it exerts an opposing force approximately proportional to its change in
length (this approximation breaks down for larger deflections). The rate or spring constant of a
spring is the change in the force it exerts, divided by the change in deflection of the spring. That
is, it is the gradient of the force versus deflection curve. An extension or compression spring's
rate is expressed in units of force divided by distance, for example or N/m or lbf/in.
Springs are used in this system for following resaons:
 To apply force

 To control vibrations

 To control motion

 To reduce impact i.e. shock absorbers

Fig 5.3- Spring

7
5.4 D.C. MOTOR

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical motors that converts direct current electrical
energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by
magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the
motor.DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered from
existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be
controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength
of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances.
The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight brushed motor used for
portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are currently used in propulsion of
electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power
electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications.

Fig5.4- D.C. Motor

8
 5.5 SHAFT

The crankshaft, sometimes abbreviated to crank, is responsible for conversion between

reciprocating motion and rotational motion. In a reciprocating engine, it translates reciprocating
linear piston motion into rotational motion, whereas in a reciprocating compressor, it converts
the rotational motion into reciprocating motion. The material used for ordinary shafts is mild
steel. When high strength is required, an alloy steel such as nickel, nickel-
chromium or chromium-vanadium steel is used. Shafts are generally formed by hot rolling and
finished to size by cold drawing or turning and grinding.

Fig 5.5- Shaft

9
 CHAPTER 5

WORKING

Fig 4.1 Speed Breaker Arrangement

From above figure, methodology is explained as follows.

When a car reaches on speed breaker, rack moves downward to generate linear motion . Two
pinions are attached to a rack which converts the linear motion of rack into rotary motion. Both
pinions have unidirectional motion, like as bicycle sprocket. Two gears are mounted on pinion
shafts to transfer mechanical power to the common shaft having one gear. At final shaft, a
flywheel is used to provide uniform motion. A belt is used to transfer mechanical motion of the
common shaft to DC generator. The complete gear box is dipped in lubrication oil sump to
minimize frictional losses. There are no chances of slipping between rack and pinions due to
guide slots. DC generator generates DC power which is stored in batteries same as in solar
technology. The generated power can be used for the domestic purpose or commercially, which
are present near the speed breaker.

10
 DESIGN OF TOP AND BOTTOM ASSEMBLY
A) BASE ASSEMBLY:
This part is mainly made by welding technique. The two guidance pipes are welded to the base
plate which is 1 mm thick as shown in the fig. The pinion housing which has the main pinion
and also one of the idler gears is welded to the base plate. It is as shown below.

Fig 4.2- Base Assembly

B) TOP ASSEMBLY:

The rack is joint to the top portion by welding. Similarly, the guidance pipes are also welded
to the top plate. It is shown in figure.

Fig 4.3- Top Assembly

11
 CHAPTER 6

DESIGN CALCULATIONS

The design calculation of various components used in the project model is given below:

1. GEAR

Larger Gear
Number of teeth (T1) =79
Outside diameter (Do) =184mm
Pitch circle diameter (d) =Do/(1+2n)=184/(1+2*79)
=179.4mm
Module =d/n = 179.45/79
= 2.27
Pressure angle of gear (𝜙) =20o
Diametral pitch (p)=N/d= 79/179.45= 0.45mm
Addendum (a)= 1/p= 1/0.45= 2.25mm
Deddendum (b) =1.157/0.45= 2.57mm
Tooth thickness 1.5708/p= 1.5708/0.45= 3.49mm
Clearance 0.157/p= 0.157/0.45= 0.35mm

2. PINION GEAR

No. of teeth(T2)= 30 teeth

outside circle diameter(D)=72mm
pitch circle diameter (d)=D/2= 36 mm
Module (M)=Pitch circle diameter/number of teeth=2.25
addendum circle diameter= R+ addendum = 38.25mm

12
3. SPRINGS

Consider total load = weight of two wheeler + weight of rider

= (84kg +70 kg)( assume) =154 kg

So, total Weight ,W= 154 × 9.81=1,510.74N
Material of the spring = NEXTGEN Steel & Alloy (Sut = 1050)
Spring index ,C= 8
Permissible shear stress is taken as 0.5 of Sut.
Τ= 0.5 × 1050 =525 N/mm²
Shear stessfactor,Ks= 1+1/2C
=1+1/2× 8
Ks= 1.0625
Now, τ =8WD/π ×d³ = 8WC/π ×d². ( C= D/d)
525=8×1510.74×8/π ×d²
d=7.65mm= 8mm &
D= C×d= 8×8=64 mm
Therefore, wire diameter of spring is 8mm and mean Diameter is 64mm.

4. SHAFT
Diameter of the cross section of crankshaft = 20 mm.
Length of the crankshaft = 2100 mm.
Where, T = maximum twisting moment (N-mm)
τ = maximum shear stress (50MPa)
R = radius of shaft
(mm) J = π D4 / 32
(D=2R)
D = shaft outside diameter (mm)
l = length of the shaft (2.1 m)
θ = angle of rotation
= 2.5 ᶿ = 0.0436 radians
From Torque Equation,
T/J = τ/R
R³ = 32 T/16 π (τ) (Substituting the value of J)
= 32 × 45.322 ×10³/16 × π × 50
= 577.05
R = 8.325mm
Therefore, we get the diameter of crank shaft as 16.65 mm.
13
5. SPEED CALCULATION

Speed ratio = T2/T1 = 30/79= N1/N2 = 0.37

Where, N1 = speed of the gear
N2 = speed of the pinion
T1 = number of teeth in gear
T2 = number of teeth in pinion
N2 = N1/0.37
if the speed of the gear N1 is 20 RPM then, the speed of the pinion N2 = 20 / 0.37
N2= 54RPM

6. TORQUE CALCULATION

Torque, T = force × perpendicular distance

= 1,510.74× 30×10-3 (perpendicular distance= 30mm)
= 45.322 N-m

14
 CHAPTER 7
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Weight of two wheelers vary from 80 kg 300 kg (for an average two wheeler) approx. The
power generation may be greater for heavy vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses etc.The speed
breaker height is generally up to 35 cm. If averagely, 80 kg weight and 35 cm height is
considered then approx.
(1 N-m = 1 Joule)
1 N-m/s = 1 Watt
Power = Work done /s
Weight of bike (W) = mg
m = mass of bike
g = gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/
W = 80 * 9.81
W = 784.8 N

Work done = Weight * displacement (i.e. height of

breaker)
= 784.8 * 0.35
= 274.68 N-m
= 274.68/60
= 4.578 W
Work done = 4.578 Watts
Power = 4.578 Watts for 1 minute
For 60 minutes (1 hour) = 4.578 * 60 = 274.68 W
Approx. 0.275 kW of power generated per day.

15
 CHAPTER 8
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES

• Power generation with low cost and using non-conventional energy sources which will help
us to conserve the conventional energy sources to meet the future demand.

• By using this method, electricity will be generated throughout the year without depending on
other factors.

• Easy for maintenance and no fuel transportation problem.

• Pollution free power generation.

• Less floor area required and no obstruction to traffic.

• No need of manpower during power generation.

16
 DISADVANTAGES

 Shafts are required to be mounted properly otherwise it creates balancing problem.

 Mechanical vibration causes problem.

 It will produce considerable amount of output mainly with heavy vehicles hence is not much
suitable for light vehicles.

 May get damaged in rainy season if not shielded properly.

 Maintenance on regular basis is needed to check fault in mechanical system.

17
 CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION

"Electricity plays a very important role in our life”. Due to population explosion, the current
power generation has become insufficient to fulfill our requirements. In this project we
discover technology to generate electricity from speed breakers in which the system used is
reliable and this technique will help conserve our natural resources. In coming days, this will
prove a great boon to the world, since it will save a lot of electricity of power plants that gets
wasted inilluminating the street lights. As the conventional sources are depleting very fast,
it‟s high time to think of alternative resources. We got to save the power gained from the
conventional sources for efficient use. So this idea not only provides alternative but also
adds to the economy of the country.The development of a country is directly proportional to
the way in which it uses power supply sufficiently and efficiently. Now is the need of an
hour when these types of inventive ideas should be brought into practice. This idea not only
provides an alternative, but also adds to the economy of the country. Development of every
country is the development of the world.

18
 CHAPTER 10
FUTURE SCOPE

To generate electrical energy from the speed breaker there are several methods i.e., gear
wheel and fly wheel to produce power. These are used in places where there is a lot of
people’s movements to generate power because the mechanical portion of this will work on
the principle. Footstep from crowed on floor and piezo plate scheme that is used below the
floor is done for the generation of power, piezo plate will be covered by the sheet and piezo
sensor experience a vibrating force by the spring.

Electric power will be generate in form of electric current by the striking of piezo plate on
the floor. Power generated by the footsteps is used for the additional features like light or
street light used at the place of pedestrians. Credit is given to the pedestrian for the energy
which they produced.

19
 CHAPTER 11
REFERENCES

[1]The International Journal of Engineering and Science, Volume 2, ‘Electricity

Generation from Speed Breakers’ by Mishra A and Kale P.

[2] International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology,

Volume7 by Prabhu G.R. and Ethiraj G.

[3] International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Volume 2,

A Revolutionary Technique of Power Generation through speed breakers By Gupta
R, Sharma S. and Gaykawad S.

[4]. Sayer, C. Baguley, and A. Downing, "Low-cost engineering measures in Egypt,

Ghana and Pakistan," PLANNING AND TRANSPORT RESEARCH
AND COMPUTATION, vol. 352, 1991.

[5] J. Slatkin, "Roadway electric generator," ed: Google Patents, 2001.

[6] W. P. Le Van, "Method and apparatus for generating electricity by vehicle and
Pedestrian weight force," ed: Google Patents, 1976.

[7]M. Ramadan, M. Khaled, and H. El Hage, "Using speed bump for power
generation– Experimental study," Energy Procedia, vol. 75, pp. 867-872, 2015.

[8] P. A. Weber and J. P. Braaksma, "Towards a North American geometric design

standard For speed humps," Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal, vol. 70, p.
30, 2000.

20
[9] C. E. Schramm, "Green Road: Harvesting Wasted Vehicular Kinetic Energy,
" WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, 2016.

[10] V. Dmitriev, "Electric Power Generating Speed Bump," ed: Google Patents, 2012.

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