MINISTERUL EDUCAȚIEI, CERCETĂRII ȘI TINERETULUI

COLEGIUL NAȚIONAL” NICOLAE BĂLCESCU”, BRĂILA

ATESTAT DE COMPETENȚĂ
LINGVISTICĂ
LA LIMBA ENGLEZĂ

PROFESOR COORDONATOR: Monica Claudia Ion

Elev: CHIUJDEA G. CRISTIAN

Brăila
2022
SPORTS IN THE UK

CONTENTS
 1. Argument………………………….

2. Skateboarding in the UK………………………………

3. Football in the UK……………………….

4. Conclusions……………………….

5. Bibliography & webliography …………….

1. Why did I choose this subject?

Since I was a child, I have loved watching different kinds of sports, such as football, basketball,
tennis and skateboarding. I grew up loving most of the sports I was watching and eventually
trying them, this creating me a strong passion for street skating making it a part of my life,
influencing my whole personality. There is no day for me without watching any skating clip.
Because of this, I believe that this particular topic suits me the best. I will present 2 sports that
everyone loves in the United Kingdom: skateboarding and football.
2. Skateboarding in the UK
2.1 Definition
Skateboarding is an action sport originating in the United States that involves riding and
performing tricks using a skateboard, as well as a recreational activity, an art form, an
entertainment industry job, and a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and
influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2009 report found that the
skateboarding market is worth an estimated $5 billion in annual revenue, with 11 million active
skateboarders in the world. In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at
the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, for both male and female teams.

2.2 History
1940s–1960s
The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to
the bottom. Skateboarding, as we know it, was probably born sometime in the late 1940s, or
early 1950s, when surfers in California wanted something to do when the waves were flat. This
was called "sidewalk surfing" – a new wave of surfing on the sidewalk as the sport of surfing
became highly popular. No one knows who made the first board; it seems that several people
came up with similar ideas at around the same time. The first manufactured skateboards were
ordered by a Los Angeles, California surf shop, meant to be used by surfers in their downtime.
The shop owner, Bill Richard, made a deal with the Chicago Roller Skate Company to produce
sets of skate wheels, which they attached to square wooden boards. Accordingly, skateboarding
was originally denoted "sidewalk surfing" and early skaters emulated surfing style and
maneuvers, and performed barefoot.

1990s
Skateboarding during the 1990s became dominated by street skateboarding. Most boards are
about 7 to 8 inches wide and 30 to 32 inches long. The wheels are made of an extremely hard
polyurethane, with hardness approximately 99A. The wheel sizes are relatively small so that the
boards are lighter, and the wheels' inertia is overcome quicker, thus making tricks more
manageable. Board styles have changed dramatically since the 1970s but have remained mostly
alike since the mid-1990s. The contemporary shape of the skateboard is derived from the
freestyle boards of the 1980s with a largely symmetrical shape and relatively narrow width. This
form had become standard by the mid-1990s.

2000s
By 2001 skateboarding had gained so much popularity that more people under the age of 18 rode
skateboards (10.6 million) than played baseball (8.2 million), although traditional organized team
sports still dominated youth programs overall. Skateboarding and skateparks began to be viewed
and used in a variety of new ways to complement academic lessons in schools, including new
non-traditional physical education skateboarding programs, like Skatepass and Skateistan to
encourage youth to have better attendance, self-discipline and confidence. This was also based
on the healthy physical opportunities skateboarding was understood to bring participants for
muscle & bone strengthening and balance, as well as the positive impacts it can have on youth in
teaching them mutual respect, social networking, artistic expression and an appreciation of the
environment.

2.3 Tricks
With the evolution of skateparks and ramp skating, the skateboard began to change. Early skate
tricks had consisted mainly of two-dimensional freestyle manoeuvre like riding on only two
wheels ("wheelie" or "manual"), spinning only on the back wheels (a "pivot"), high jumping over
a bar and landing on the board again, also known as a "hippie jump", long jumping from one
board to another, (often over small barrels or fearless teenagers), or slalom. Another popular trick
was the Bertlemann slide, named after Larry Bertelemann's surfing manoeuvre.
In 1976, skateboarding was transformed by the invention of the ollie by Alan "Ollie" Gelfand. It
remained largely a unique trick until the summer of 1978. Alan and his revolutionary maneuvers
caught the attention of the skaters and the media where it began to spread worldwide. The ollie
was adapted to flat ground by Rodney Mullen in 1982. Mullen also invented the "Magic Flip,"
which was later renamed the kickflip, as well as many other tricks including, the 360 Kickflip,
which is a 360-pop shove-it and a kickflip in the same motion. The flat ground ollie allowed
skateboarders to perform tricks in mid-air without any more equipment than the skateboard itself,
it has formed the basis of many street skating tricks such as: heelflip, hospital flip, tre-flip and
many others.

3. Football in the UK
3.1 Definition
Football is a team sport played with a spherical ball between two teams of 11 players. It is played
by approximately 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the
world's most popular sport. The game is played on a rectangular field called a pitch with a goal at
each end. The object of the game is to score more goals than the opposition by moving the ball
beyond the goal line into the opposing goal, usually within a time frame of 90 or more minutes.

3.2 History
Football is the most popular sport in England, where the first modern set of rules for the code
were established in 1863, which were a major influence on the development of the modern Laws
of the Game. With over 40,000 association football clubs, England has more clubs involved in
the code than any other country. England hosts the world's first club, Sheffield F.C.; the world's
oldest professional association football club, Notts County; the oldest national governing body,
the Football Association; the joint-oldest national team; the oldest national knockout
competition, the FA Cup; and the oldest national league, the English Football League. Today
England's top domestic league, the Premier League, is one of the most popular and richest sports
leagues in the world, with six of the ten richest football clubs in the world as of 2019.

The England national football team is one of only eight teams to win the Men's World Cup,
having done so once, in 1966. A total of five English club teams have won the Men's Champions
League, also known as European Cup.
Premier League is also the best European men's league including top teams such as: Arsenal F.C,
Liverpool F.C, Manchester United F.C, Manchester City F.C, Chelsea F.C and Tottenham
Hotspur F.C.

3.3 The Best Players

Who are the best players in the Premier League? This isn’t a question that’s easy to answer —
and it’s certainly a controversial topic. But this list is all about overall performance and success
so this list contains: Didier Drogba, Thierry Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo, Robin van Persie, Zlatan
Ibrahimović, Paul Pogba, Mohamed Salah, Eden Hazard.

Conclusion
I feel like the subject i spoke about is interesting to most of us since sport is in most cases part of
everyone's lives and if it's not, then it should be.

Bibliography

Bantaş, A, Dicţionar Englez – Român,1995, București: Teora

Bantaş, A, 1995, Dicţionar Român - Englez, București: Teora

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 1998, London: Longman

Longman Language Activator, 2000, Longman

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 1999, Oxford University Press,

Rad, Ilie, 2008, Cum se scrie un text științific, Polirom

Webster’s Encyclopaedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, 1996, New York:
Gramercy Books
 Webliography
https://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skateboard

https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sport/football/best-premier-league-players/