VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)

ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

Quantum Teleportation in Security

Shivani Sanjiv Shukla1 , Jayant Pramod Varma2
1
(Computer Engineering Department, Viva Institute of Technology, Mumbai University)
2
(Computer Engineering Department, Viva Institute of Technology, Mumbai University)

Abstract : As world is getting more and more faster day-by-day and craving for more fastest technology. So, this
need for getting more faster technology can be fulfilled with the help of Quantum Computers. As our classical
computers works on the 2-bit, i.e., 0’s and 1’s. But quantum computers work on the combination of the real
numbers between 0 and 1, i.e., 0.0000000…….1 to 0.999999999…….999. Entanglement and superposition are a
two different property that helps to find the solution of problem like encryption method, modelling of molecules
and the numerical of a number such as factorisation of a number. Quantum teleportation is transfer of message
without any medium . It transfers the message in form of energy variation . With help of Quantum teleportation,
it is possible to transfer information without interruption of any noise in channel.
Keywords - Bloch-sphere , Entanglement ,Quantum Computers, Qubit, superposition.

I. INTRODUCTION
This research article is an effort to understand the technology of Generation Industry 6.0. Quantum
Computers works on QUBIT Quantum Binary Digit as classical computers in BIT Binary Digit. This article
contains the introduction to some of the quantum phenomena upon which Quantum Computer works. As like that
Superposition, Entanglement, and some more. Quantum Teleportation is one of the applications of Quantum
Computer. Under the Quantum computer we transfer energy and not mass. In Quantum teleportation it is possible
to generate and distribute the key among the sender and receiver with help of transformation of energy. A Bloch
sphere is the presentation of the state and phase of a qubit [1]. In quantum Mechanics whatever operator will be
attached by qubit state function, gives that value of that qubit. Quantum computer has got so many applications
over classical computers some of that have been discussed below in this article.

fig. 1 Classical and Quantum Bit

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

II. BASIC CONCEPTS USED IN QUANTUM TELEPORTATION

1) Superposition
Superposition is a state in which qubit shows the behaviour of being in so many of the other states
at the same time. It is like resonance. It is specified in certain areas of a sphere or spindle-shaped
area. It is better described by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle [10] .It is represented by
(<0|+<1|)/2 in terms of Qubit which means that the probability of correct answer is (50-50) % in |0>
and |1> when only 1 qubit is there. It is a property under which it shows both <0| and |1>. In simple
words, we can say that the state in which a Qubit can be a |0> and |1> at the same time that state is
called a superposition state[10] .

fig. 1 Superposition state in Hadamard gate

And this qubit can also represent in matrix form

|0>= [1 0 ]
|1>= [0 1] (1)

2) Entanglement
This is a property of quantum mechanics. According to this property, their two are or more qubits
give output depending on another entangled qubit without depending upon it and the distance
doesn’t affect their results.

fig.3 Bell States fig.4 Spin Quantum

3) Bloch Sphere
It is the sphere of radius one with Hilbert spaces where position, state and phase, and energy of a
qubit can be seen [10] . It consists of the X, Y, and Z-axis. X varies from |+> to |->. z varies from
|0> to |1> [10]. whereas y varies from |-i> to |i>. when an electron moves from state|0> to |1> it is
an exciting state and in opposite direction, it is relaxing similarly for +ve to -ve state and i to -i
state. In the Bloch sphere, a qubit is rotating from north to south pole and south to north pole.
|+>=|0>= [1 0 ]

|->= |1>= [0 1 ] (2)

Any point or state in the block sphere is represented in the Bloch sphere only and it is represented as
𝜃 𝜃
𝜓 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) ⅇ 𝜙 (3)
2 2

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

fig.5 Bloch Sphere

4) Quantum Operators
Quantum Operator is a basic which is defined with some of the property and on applying that we
can get the desired output from operation [9]. it is used to shift the point in the Bloch sphere. There
is a psi function that represents the state of any function.

𝛼|0>+𝛽|1 >
|𝜓| = (4)
2
To perform this operator, we take the help of rotation about the axis.
4.1 Energy Operator

fig. 6 Energy Operator in Quantum Mechanics equivalent to A Operator in Matrix

Here A=Matrix Operator

𝜆 =Eigenvalue

V=Eigenvector

Likewise in Quantum Computers, there is

H=Hamiltonian Operator =Energy operator in Quantum computer

E= Eigenvalue for calculating energy

Psi= It shows eigenstate of a qubit.

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

4.2 Interference

It is a property by which a person can increase the chances of getting the desired output as it is done by
creating a probability of constructive interference and we can also reduce the chances of getting desired
output by creating destructive interference.

III. ANALYSIS
QUANTUM TELEPORTATION quantum communication protocol to “efficiently” transmit a quantum
state only using classically communication channels in quantum Teleportation we can transmit our
quantum state more efficiently with the help of classical communication channel only. like this
transmission of the state is called quantum Teleportation.
China has recently studied successfully on Quantum Computer [13] . They have put one satellite in
space and from there they have sent the photons by dividing it into two entangled particles. They have
received so many of those particles at the different station. Over them out of few millions of photons
they have received a few hundreds of photons. On that they have performed research and they have
found that it works successfully. With help of this quantum computer, they have shared the two photos.
If this key has been interrupted by any of the hacker in between then it will be known by the receiver
and sender both and they can disconnect their connection. This medium is very safe for encryption
related sharing of information.
Analysis has been done of IBM qiskit. There the execution of different gates has been analysed and
that was accurate according to research . We have also seen and analysed the formula for energy
operator . With that we have described about the Bloch sphere and its formula . We have also analysed
that with help of the concept of Superposition and Entanglement we can implement the concept of
security in quantum computers

IV. CONCLUSION
As the growing demand for speed and accuracy of the market will be fulfilled by quantum computers.
As this technology is still under development in so many aspects. It also performs the task which is not
performed by normal classical computers. It can provide speed more than that of supercomputers of
today’s date.
As we have gone through some of the basic but very crucial fundamentals of quantum computers, it
shows that quantum mechanics has played a very vital role in the growth and improvement of these
computers. We can see the fully fledge application of this in era industry 6.0.

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VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 5 (2022)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
10th National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2022 (NCRENB-2022)

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