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1 Quick start

1.1 Solving of control tasks with LOGO!

The principle of operation for the control of technical systems with LOGO! control relays can be
described in abbreviated form as follows:
Input signals supply the control relay with information on the current state of the process and any
operator commands. The control relay reacts to these input signals in accordance with a defined
program. It then generates output signals which influence the process in the intended manner via
actuators (final control elements).
Small control tasks can be solved using programmable control relays with a minimum of hardware.
It is possible to learn and apply the required programming knowledge extremely easily. The follow-
ing example is a direct introduction to the programming of LOGO!
The control sequence is defined by a corresponding program in the memory of the LOGO! device.
There are two different ways to enter the program. These two programming methods are de-
scribed in brief below.
Programming of LOGO! control relays
or
a) Input of program directly on the device b) Generation/transfer of program using PC

Fig. 1.1 Programming using manual inputs Fig. 1.2 Programming using PC

The LOGO! basic module can be programmed The LOGO!Soft Comfort software allows a clear
directly on the device without particular effort. display of the complete program on the screen.
The six existing keys and the LCD are used. Following generation and the simulation test,
the finished program can be transferred via ca-
When pressing a key, users are provided with ble to the LOGO! basic module. An online test
menu prompting which allows the input or de- permits monitoring of control signals during
letion of a program, parameterization of char- operation of the device. The LOGO!Soft Com-
acteristic values, etc. A PC is not required! The fort software can display programs in the fol-
program is output on the display in the Func- lowing two ways:
tion Block Diagram (FBD). a) Function Block Diagram (FBD).
This diagram corresponds to the FBD language b) Ladder (LAD)
used for PLC programming. Logic operations, The LAD display is referred to in PLC program-
timers, counters etc. are displayed as rectangu- ming as the ladder diagram. It is very similar to
lar blocks. Only one block can be output on the a circuit diagram, and therefore represents
display at a time, and jumping to other blocks is control programs in an extremely clear man-
possible using arrow keys. This programming ner. This programming method is described in
technique is described in Chapter 1.5. Chapter 1.6.

9
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1.2 Description of control task 1.3 Implementation of control
task with LOGO!
Customer orders are assembled on pallets in
the warehouse of a wholesale company for san- Since the warehouse of the wholesale company
itary requirements. In the area in front of the for sanitary requirements is to be modernized,
warehouse, orders ready for dispatch are trans- this is an appropriate time to replace the previ-
ported on a pallet conveyor system (chain con- ous conventional contactor controls. For the
veyor) to the truck ramp (Fig. 1.3). pallet conveyor system, the decision is made by
the commissioned electrical company to use
the LOGO! programmable control relay.
Application of the control relay provides the us-
er with numerous expansion options for special
functions which are already integrated in the
device, meaning that no additional hardware
costs arise.
Examples can be mentioned here:
– Recording of quantities
– Operating hours counter
– Time functions
– Bus communication (only special modules)
Further chapters in the book provide compre-
Fig. 1.3 Process schematic of the conveyor system
hensive information on the numerous special
functions of the LOGO! devices.
Control sequence:
In addition to the special functions, such types
The two keys S2 and S3 permit transportation of control relays can be reprogrammed rapidly
of the pallets in so-called jogging mode. The and simply. Therefore changes in functions can
pallets are only transported further if at least usually be carried out without modification of
one of the start keys is kept depressed. the hardware (rewiring).
This increases the flexibility and economy of
The pallets are transported into the end posi-
transportation procedures and production pro-
tion where they activate the limit contact B4
cesses. Conversion of the existing, convention-
("end switch"). B4 prevents a pallet from being
al control system to LOGO! is carried out by
unintentionally transported beyond the end
connecting all previous sensors and control el-
position and thus falling off. Switching-off of
ements individually to the input side. In this
the master switch S1 suppresses all movements
case these are the master switch S1, the keys S2
of the chain conveyor drive.
and S3, and the limit contact B4. Assignment:
The control task which has just been described S1zI1 … B4zI4. The motor contactor (=actua-
was previously executed as a hardwired control tor) is connected to the output side of the logic
system. The circuit diagram of the control cir- module (Fig. 1.5). The linking between the in-
cuit is shown in Fig. 1.4. put and output sides is carried out by the con-

Fig. 1.4 Previous control circuit as hardwired Fig. 1.5 Connection diagram of control system
control system with switching relay

10
 1.4 Generation of LOGO! program

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trol program. This is developed on the follow- view during the input, and facilitates documen-
ing pages (Chapter 1.4). tation and troubleshooting.
Furthermore, an assignment list (cf. Chapter
2.2.2) is extremely helpful, especially with com-
1.4 Generation of LOGO! prehensive control tasks.
program This lists the input/output objects which have
been used. This list defines the input/output of
The two start keys are connected in parallel in the control relay to which the objects are con-
the circuit diagram. Since the activation of one nected.
of these two keys is sufficient for starting, this
parallel connection represents OR logic (Fig.
1.4.1 Function block diagram (FBD)
1.6) which must also be integrated accordingly
in the LOGO! program. Manual input of the program into the logic
module is carried out in the display mode "FBD"
L1 (Function Block Diagram).
F1 The individual logic operations are implement-
ed using so-called blocks. In our case, the pro-
S1 gram consists of two blocks (B1, B2) with sim-
I2 ≥1 ple logic operations.
S2 S3
I3 I1
B2 B1
B4 Symbol for
OR operation I2 ≥1 &
Q1
N
I3 Q1
Fig. 1.6 OR logic of contacts
I4
The master switch S1 and the limit contact B4 Fig. 1.8 LOGO! program in function block diagram
are connected in series to the start keys. In or-
der to activate the motor contactor, S1 and B4
1.4.2 Ladder diagram (LAD)
must also be closed in addition to a start key
(Fig. 1.7). Either the display mode FBD (see above) or LAD
can be selected when generating the program
Series connections are implemented in the log- with LOGO!Soft Comfort. The Ladder diagram
ic diagram by AND logic. Therefore S1, B4 and is relatively similar to the circuit diagram. This
the OR logic meet in a common AND logic. display mode is also referred to in PLC pro-
gramming as the ladder diagram. The parallel
L1
connection of contacts is implemented in LAD
F1 through parallel arrangement of the inputs (I2,
I3). The series connection of contacts (I1, I4) is
S1
carried out analogous to the circuit diagram.
≥1 I1 &
S2 S3
I4 Q1
B4
Symbol for
Q1 AND operation
N
Fig. 1.7 AND logic of contacts
Fig. 1.9 LOGO! program in ladder diagram
Function analysis: Q1 switches if S1 is activated
AND (S2 OR S3 is activated) AND S4 is not Note: The conveyor must only move if NC
activated. contact B4 is not activated. A "1" state is then
It is recommendable to produce a sketch of the present at I4, thus permitting tripping of the
control program prior to direct input in the log- AND logic. Input I4 must therefore be scanned for
ic module. This provides you with a clear over- the idle state "1", i.e. non-inverted.

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1.5 Program input directly on
LOGO! module
1.5.1 Calling of editing mode
Direct input of the control program on the
LOGO! module is used if a PC with the
LOGO!Soft Comfort programming software is
not available. This can be the case, for example, Fig. 1.10 Programming menu
with small changes or extensions to the pro-
gram. The input is then carried out directly us-
ing the six keys on the control relay. The input No program Program present,
is checked using the device's display. present: device in Run mode:
When switching on the LOGO! module, one of No Program Fr 09:00
the following two messages is output on the Press ESC 2009-01-30
display. You can recognize on the display
whether the memory is empty or whether a pro-
gram is already stored there.
To enter a switching program, you must change ESC ESC
to "Programming" mode. To change to this
mode, you must first press the "ESC" key.

Note: With earlier devices (up to 0BA2), it is > Stop

necessary to press the following three keys Set Param
Set . .
simultaneously: Prg Name
OK; ; (= 3-finger action)
The menus of earlier devices (up to 0BA4)
also differ slightly.
The cursor arrow (>) is moved to the menu > Yes
items using the up/down keys ( ; ). The in-
dividual menu items are then selected using
the "OK" key. "ESC" is used to return by one
menu level. Main menu:
Once you have accessed the main menu in the > Program
manner shown on the right, you can Card . .
Setup . .
a) delete existing programs and subsequently Start
generate new programs,
b) edit existing programs in order to check,
supplement or modify them.
If an existing program is to be deleted com- Edit . .
> Clear Prg
pletely, select "Clear Prg". You can subsequent- Password
ly use "ESC" to return to "Edit", and can then en-
> Edit . .
ter a new program. Clear Prg
Selection of "Edit" in the programming menu Password > Yes
opens up the path for generation or modifica-
tion of control programs in the logic module's Password?
memory. OK
If a password already exists, this must be en-
> Edit Prg
tered before editing of the program can be Edit Name ESC
started (arrow keys). ...
Once "Edit Prg" (Fig. 1.10) has been confirmed
with "OK", the output Q1 appears in the display
as the first part of the program.

12
 1.5 Program input directly on LOGO! module

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1.5.2 Manual input of program

Commencing with Block 2 (B2) is then

SIEMENS SIEMENS
output Q1, the shown in the top
In1 B2
program is en- right corner of the In2 ≥1
tered "backwards" ↓GF Q1 display. The OR In3 B01
In4
(= in the direction LOGO! 230-RC
ESC OK logic is selected us- LOGO! 230-RC
ESC OK

of the inputs). Q1 ing the arrow key 1

is confirmed us- Z a and then 2x
2
ing the "OK" key. confirmed with
"OK" s.
The list "GF" (= ba-
sic functions) is SIEMENS Following repeated SIEMENS
subsequently se- pressing of "OK", B2
lected using the the top input of B2 ↓Co ≥1
↓GF Q1 B01
arrow key Z a can be connected.
ESC OK ESC OK
and confirmed wi- LOGO! 230-RC Since a connector LOGO! 230-RC

th "OK" s. 1 (I2) is to be con-

2
nected here, con-
You then jump to
firm the display
the program input
"Co" with "OK".
for block 1 (B1), as
output at the top SIEMENS Scroll in the "Co" SIEMENS

of the display. The In1 B1 list using the arrow ↓Co B2

In2 & In2 ≥1
first block of the In3 Q1 key Z a until in- In3 B01
In4 In4
GF list is the "& ESC OK put I2 appears. ESC OK
LOGO! 230-RC LOGO! 230-RC
function". This is Confirm this with
1
selected using 2x the "OK" key s. 2
"OK".
Proceed in the
Once the top input same manner with
of the & operation connector I3 as just
SIEMENS SIEMENS
has been selected described for I2.
↓Co B1 I2 B2
with "OK", "Co" (= In2 & I3 ≥1
In3 Q1 The two bottom In3 B01
connector) is dis-
In4 connections of the In4
played there. Con- ESC OK ESC OK
LOGO! 230-RC OR logic are not re- LOGO! 230-RC
firm with "OK" to
quired and are Press button as with
subsequently po-
therefore connect- input of I2
sition the input I1.
ed to "x" a. Once
Connector I1 ap- the inputs of "x"
pears at the top & SIEMENS have been com- SIEMENS
input. Confirm I1 B1 pleted with the I2 B2
In2 & ≥1
the selection of In3 "OK" key s, return I3
Q1 x B01
this input using In4 to block 1. x
ESC OK ESC OK
the "OK" key. LOGO! 230-RC LOGO! 230-RC
Moving within the
The second & in- 2x program is carried Scroll until connector 2
"x" appears 1
put is selected us- out using the ar-
ing a further "OK". row keys, in this
With the arrow case with z a. Se-
key Z a the "GF" SIEMENS lect the next input SIEMENS
1
list is obtained. I1 B1 by pressing "OK" I1 B1
↓GF & B2 &
Confirm this se- In3 Q1 twice s. Press the I4 Q1
lection with "OK" In4
ESC OK
arrow key Z three In4
ESC OK
s in order to sub- LOGO! 230-RC times in order to LOGO! 230-RC

sequently insert 1 display connector 3

2 3 x 2 x2
the OR logic. I4 d.

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Finally, the bottom input of the & operation 1.5.4 Program test
must be connected to "x" since it is not required. In order to test the program, the contacts con-
Select the input by pressing "OK" twice a. Press nected to the LOGO! device must be set such
the arrow key Y until the connector "x" is dis- that Q1 is triggered. The status of the in-
played s. Confirm again with "OK" d. puts/outputs can be checked by showing them
on the display using the arrow key .
SIEMENS
I2 B1 Note: The outputs should be switched
B2 &
I4 Q1
voltage-free during the program test in
x order to avoid damage in the case of
ESC OK
LOGO! 230-RC program errors.
2
1 3 If the program is not executed properly, pro-
ceed as follows when making changes.
The program for the pallet conveyor system has
Note: In editing mode, the cursor can be
now been entered completely. All inputs of the
freely moved within the program using the
logic have been connected, and editing mode
arrow keys ( ; ; ; ).
can be left.
It is then possible to carry out changes to the
program even following completion of the input.
1.5.3 Activation of RUN mode To do this, the LOGO! must be set to the STOP
state, and the editing menu must be called.
In order to test the program, the LOGO! device
In order to delete parts of the program (Fig.
is set to Run mode using "Start" (Fig. 1.11).
1.12), the cursor must be positioned on the right
(in the direction of the output) of the objects to be
deleted a.
ESC
The corresponding position is activated with "OK"
and connected to a connector "x".

> Edit Prg

Edit Name I1
... I2 ≥1 &
I3 Q1
I4
ESC I5 & 1 The AND operation
2 is to be deleted
I6 from the program.
This is carried out by
inserting Connector x.
> Edit . . I1
Clear Prg I2 ≥1 &
Password Q1
I3
I4
Co
x
ESC
Fig. 1.12 Changing and deleting parts of the program
Main menu:
Password The & logic a as well as the two inputs I5, I6 s
Card . . have been deleted from the program. If desired,
Setup . . other objects (Co, GF or SF) can be inserted at
> Start the position of "x". It is therefore very simple to
change existing programs in this manner.

OK
Fig. 1.11 Starting the program in Run mode

14
 1.6 Programming with LOGO!Soft Comfort

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1.6 Programming with
LOGO!Soft Comfort
The LOGO!Soft Comfort software is used for
Fig. 1.13 Desktop symbol of LOGO!Soft Comfort
– generation,
– simulation and online test,
Start
– documentation LOGO!Soft
Comfort
of switching programs using the PC.
When the program is started (Fig. 1.13), a blank
start screen is initially displayed (Fig. 1.14).
The switching programs are transmitted via a
cable to the LOGO! control relay following gen- Fig. 1.14 Start screen of LOGO!Soft Comfort
eration on the PC. During startup, the status of
the variables can be monitored on the PC in
Run mode. Open
circuit
The demo version of LOGO!Soft Comfort has diagram
the complete scope of functions for software
generation and simulation. The only limitation
compared to the full version is that online com- 1

munication with LOGO! devices is disabled.

1.6.1 Use of LOGO!Soft Comfort 2

A "circuit diagram" must be opened in order to

generate a new switching program. To do this,
press the "New" button (Fig. 1.15, a). This cir-
cuit diagram is displayed as standard in FBD
format (function block). The "Properties" win- Fig. 1.15 Opening a new circuit diagram
dow s is opened at the same time as the circuit
diagram. The project data can be entered in this
window. Definition of this project data (Chapter
Open
2.3.1) is initially ignored here. Therefore the catalog
window can be closed using "Cancel".
The individual elements of the circuit diagram
are subsequently inserted. To do this, the cata-
log with the elements of the switching program
is opened in the left margin of the screen (Fig. 3 4

1.16, d). It could be the case that this window

is so narrow that it is not even visible. The width
must then be increased by dragging with the Fig. 1.16 Opening the catalog with the elements
mouse (Fig. 1.16, f). The catalog contains all
elements available in LOGO!Soft which can be
used to generate the program.
Insert
To insert the elements, select the desired ob- outputs
jects in the catalog. The output terminals Q are
marked in Fig. 1.17 g. There are two methods
for inserting the elements h:
6
– by dragging & dropping into the circuit
diagram
or 5

– by inserting by mouse click into the cir-

Fig. 1.17 Inserting the output terminal Q1
cuit diagram.

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In order to control the pallet conveyor system,
the four input terminals I1…I4 and the output
Q1 must be provided in the circuit diagram.
Insert
There are two methods for inserting elements inputs and
in LOGO!Soft: outputs 1

– selection of the elements in the object

overview of the catalog a or 3

– selection list " Constants" in the bottom

margin of the screen s.
This selection list is displayed by clicking the
"Constants/terminals" button d on the left mar-
gin of the screen.
The output and input terminals are now to be 2
connected using logic operations. Fig. 1.18 Insertion of input terminal I1 … I4
The elements required are located in the cata-
log "Basic functions" f. To control the pallet Insert
conveyor system, both AND logic and OR logic basic
are required. functions
4
The AND logic is positioned in the circuit dia-
gram by activating the "AND" element and by a
mouse click. Insertion of the OR logic is carried 5
out in the same manner g.
The terminals of the elements can be connected
together by clicking the "Connect" button h.
These connections define the signal routes, and Fig. 1.19 Insertion of basic functions AND/OR
thus the control function.
The connection between the individual termi- Connect
nals is made with the mouse button pressed j. elements

The basic logic operations (AND, OR) have four

connections on the input side as standard. 6

The connections which are not required can re-

main open k, they are not involved in the log-
ic. Since the vacant OR inputs have the status "0" 8
and the vacant AND inputs the status "1", they 7
do not influence the function of the circuit.

• In order to drag lines between the ele- Fig. 1.20 Establishment of signal connections
ments, the "Connect" button Fig. 1.21)
must be selected.
• The "Selection" button (Fig. 1.22) allows
elements and lines to be selected, and to
shift or delete these. Fig. 1.21 "Connect" button

Save
program
Fig. 1.22 "Selection" button

16
 1.6 Programming with LOGO!Soft Comfort

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1.6.2 Simulation with LOGO!Soft Comfort
The LOGO!Soft Comfort programming software
makes it possible to test programs by simula-
tion even without hardware (control relays).
Fig. 1.20 "Simulation" button
To do this, the "Simulation" button must be
clicked following complete input of the pro-
gram (Fig. 1.20 and Fig. 1.22, a).
Simulation switches for adjusting the input sig-
nals are then displayed in the bottom margin of
the screen. Signal lamps indicate the initial sta-
tuses (Fig. 1.21).
Fig. 1.21 Simulation switch and display of output
Elements and signal lines with a "1" signal are statuses
emphasized in red (Fig. 1.22, s). In the case of
outputs with a "1" signal, the associated display
lights up in the bottom margin of the screen d.
The program reacts to the simulated input sig-
nals in exactly the same manner as would take
place in the real plant.
The three inputs I1, I2 and I4 (Fig. 1.21) have a
"1" signal. This corresponds to the status of the
contacts in the real plant during transport
mode. Output Q1 is triggered, resulting in a
motion of the motor.

Fig. 1.19 Pallet conveyor system with contacts activated Fig. 1.22 Simulation of the control program for
the pallet conveyor system
The program can be saved once it has been
checked using the simulation.
The saved program is then available for use at a
later date. Programs are saved in order to trans-
fer them later (e.g. on the plant) into the con-
trol relay. In addition, saving of programs is
significant for backup and documentation pur-
poses.
Saving is carried out – as usual with Windows –
using the diskette symbol (Fig. 1.23, f).
A new window is then opened in which the
drive g and the file name h can be defined. Fig. 1.23 Saving of the control program

17