1.

2 Forces of 30 N and 50 N act on the same body, but in different directions.

Which value could not be the resultant force on the body?

A 10 N B 30 N C 50 N D 70 N

3 When a body moves across a rough surface, a frictional force is produced.

moving body

rough surface

Which statement about this force is always true?

A It acts in the direction of the motion.

B It is equal in value to the force producing the motion.
C It makes the body recoil in the opposite direction after stopping it.

D It opposes the motion across the surface.

4 The speed-time graph for a falling skydiver is shown below. The skydiver alters his fall first by
spreading his arms and legs and then by using a parachute.

Which part of the graph shows the diver falling with terminal velocity?

speed B

C
A
D
0
0 time
5 A student does an experiment to estimate the density of an irregularly-shaped stone.

Which items of equipment are needed?

A a balance and a measuring cylinder containing water

B a balance and a ruler

C a ruler and a measuring cylinder containing water

D only a measuring cylinder containing water

6.

7.

8.
9 A measuring cylinder containing some water stands on a scale pan. A solid ball is lowered into
the water.

The water level rises from the 30 cm 3 mark to the 40 cm3 mark.

The scale reading increases from 100 g to 180 g.

40 cm 3 mark
3
30 cm mark

100 g 180 g

What is the density of the material of the ball?

A 2.0 g / cm3 B 4.5 g / cm3 C 8.0 g / cm3 D 18 g / cm 3

10 Which is a statement of Newton’s third law of motion?

A Every force causes a reaction.

B If there is no resultant force on a body then there is no acceleration.

C The forces acting on a body are always equal and opposite.
D To every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.

11 A car is travelling at constant speed along a road and drives over a large patch of oil. The driver
applies the brakes to stop the car.

Compared to braking on a dry road, what may happen?

A The car slows down more quickly because of the greater friction between the tyres and the
road.
B The car speeds up at first because of the reduced friction between the tyres and the road.
C The car takes longer to slow down because of the reduced friction between the tyres and the
road.
D The car takes longer to slow down because the thinking distance of the driver is greater.

12 Trolley X and trolley Y are joined by a stretched spring. Trolley X has twice the mass of trolley Y.

X Y

When the trolleys are released, the acceleration of X is 2 m / s2 to the right.

What is the initial acceleration of trolley Y to the left?

A 1 m / s2 B 2 m / s2 C 3 m / s2 D 4 m / s2
13 The wheel of a moving car is driven by the engine. The car is accelerating in the direction shown.
In which direction does the frictional force act on the wheel?

direction of
acceleration of car
A
wheel

road surface
D B

C
14 Four blocks, each made from a different material, are placed on scales and balanced as shown in
the diagrams below.

In which diagram does the block have the greatest density?

A B

100 cm3 200 g 200 cm3 250 g

block mass block mass

C D

300 cm3 300 g 400 cm3 350 g

block mass block mass

15 A load is to be moved using a wheelbarrow. The total mass of the load and wheelbarrow is 60 kg.
The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.

F
load
weight
pivot

70 cm 50 cm

What is the size of force F needed just to lift the loaded wheelbarrow?

A 350 N B 430 N C 600 N D 840 N

16.

17.

18. A car is travelling at constant speed along a road and drives over a large patch of oil. The driver
applies the brakes to stop the car.

Compared to braking on a dry road, what may happen?

A The car slows down more quickly because of the greater friction between the tyres and the
road.
B The car speeds up at first because of the reduced friction between the tyres and the road.
C The car takes longer to slow down because of the reduced friction between the tyres and the
road.
D The car takes longer to slow down because the thinking distance of the driver is greater.
19.

20.

21 Which property of a body cannot be changed if a force is applied to it?

A its mass
B its shape
C its size
D its velocity
22 The diagram shows a cyclist leaning over in order to cycle around a corner.

Which force is necessary to maintain the motion around the corner?

cyclist
C

23 One oscillation of a swinging pendulum occurs when the bob moves from X to Y and back to
X again.

bob

X Y

Using a stopwatch, which would be the most accurate way to measure the time for one oscillation
of the pendulum?

A Time 20 oscillations and multiply by 20.

B Time 20 oscillations and divide by 20.
C Time one oscillation.
D Time the motion from X to Y, and double it.
24.

25.
 26

27.

28.

29.
30.

31 A tractor pulls a trailer at a constant speed.

The tractor exerts a forward force of 1600 N on the trailer.

What is the force exerted by the trailer on the tractor?

A 0N
B 1600 N backwards
C 1600 N forwards
D 3200 N forwards

32 A particle P is moving in a horizontal circle about O. P moves at constant speed v.

O P

Which statement is true?

A A force of constant magnitude is acting in the same direction as v.

B A force of constant magnitude is acting towards O.
C The force on P varies in size as it moves around the circle.
D There is no resultant force acting on P.
 33 Forces X and Y act on a block in the directions shown on the scale diagram.

In which direction is the resultant force acting?

A B C D

34 A student studies some equations.

power = work / time

force = mass × acceleration
velocity = displacement / time

How many vector quantities are contained in the equations?

A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4

35 The diagram shows a strip of paper tape that has been pulled under a vibrating arm by an object
moving at constant speed. The arm was vibrating regularly, making 50 dots per second.

20 cm dot

What was the speed of the object?

A 2.0 cm / s B 5.0 cm / s C 100 cm / s D 200 cm / s

36 When a block of wood of mass 2 kg is pushed along the horizontal flat surface of a bench, the
friction force is 4 N.

When the block is pushed along the bench with a force of 10 N, it moves with a constant

A speed of 3 m / s.
B speed of 5 m / s.
C acceleration of 3 m / s2.
D acceleration of 5 m / s2.
37 The diagram shows a vernier scale.

6 7
cm

0
What is the reading on the vernier scale?

A 6.50 cm B 6.55 cm C 7.00 cm D 7.05 cm

38 The diagram shows an aeroplane turning in a horizontal circle at constant speed.

In which direction is there a resultant force?

B
A

39 The inertia of a body is its resistance to changes in motion.

Which property is a measure of the body’s inertia?

A its density

B its mass
C the height of its sides

D the size of its base

40 Which graph shows the motion of a heavy, steel ball falling from a height of 2 m?

A B
speed speed

0 0
0 time 0 time

distance C distance D
fallen fallen

0 0
0 time 0 time
 Section A

Answer all the questions in this section.

1 A small spacecraft, known as Beagle 2, is to land on the planet Mars.

As the spacecraft enters the planet’s atmosphere, it slows down. When the speed reaches
1600 km/h, parachutes open and the friction with the atmosphere increases. The spacecraft
eventually reaches a steady speed, and then finally it hits the surface.

(a) On the axes of Fig. 1.1, complete the speed-time graph for the spacecraft. The
parachutes open at time t 1, and the spacecraft hits the surface of Mars at time t 2.

1600
speed
km / h

0
t1 t2
time
[2]
Fig. 1.1

(b) The mass of the spacecraft is 65 kg. At one point the gravitational field strength of
Mars is 3.0 N/kg and the total upwards force on the spacecraft is 500 N.

Determine
(i) the weight of the spacecraft,

weight = ....................................
(ii) the resultant force on the spacecraft,

force = ......................................
(iii) the deceleration of the spacecraft.

deceleration = ...........................
[4]
2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows the same vertical force of 200 N exerted by a cyclist on the pedal of a
bicycle in three different positions A, B and C.

200 N
200 N 200 N pivot
pivot

pivot

A B C

Fig. 2.1

State the position, A, B or C, in which the force exerts the largest moment about the
pivot.

Give a reason for your answer.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a support for a leg in plaster and Fig. 2.3 shows a simplified diagram of
the forces acting on the leg.

centre of gravity
hip joint centre of gravity
of leg in plaster
(pivot) F
force F
hip joint

34 cm 46 cm

120 N

Fig. 2.2 Fig. 2.3

Calculate the force F needed to keep the leg in a horizontal position.

F = ............................. [3]
3 Fig.3.1 shows a simplified speed-time graph for a train that travels between two stations.

30

25
speed
m/s
20

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
time / minutes

Fig.3.1

(a) Describe the motion of the train.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Calculate the distance travelled by the train between the two stations.

distance = …………………….. [2]

(c) Another train travels between the same two stations on a parallel track. This train travels
at a constant speed. It starts its journey at time t = 0 and finishes at t = 90 minutes.

On Fig.3.1, draw the speed-time graph for this train. [2]

4 A pole-vaulter runs along a track, reaching a maximum speed of 8.4 m/s. At the end of the
track, he places a pole into the ground as shown in Fig.4.1, and uses the pole to push
himself vertically upwards.

Fig.4.1

(a) When the pole-vaulter runs along the track, there is a constant forward force on him of
320 N and a backwards resistive force that varies with his speed as shown in Fig.4.2.

400

350
resistive force
N 300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
speed
m/s

Fig.4.2

Explain why the maximum speed that he can reach is 8.4 m/s.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]
5 Fig.5.1 shows a 0.4 kg mass hanging at rest from a spring.

0.4 kg
mass

Fig.5.1

(a) (i) On Fig.5.1, draw an arrow showing the direction and the line of action for each of
the two forces that act on the mass. Write the name of the force next to each
arrow. [2]
(ii) The gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg. Calculate the size of each of the two
forces acting on the mass.

first force = ........................... second force = ............................ [2]

(b) The mass is pulled downwards. State and explain what happens to the upward force.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]
6 Fig. 6.1 represents the motion of Earth and the planet Venus around the Sun. The orbits shown
are circles.

not to
scale

Sun

orbit of Venus

orbit of Earth

Earth

Fig.6.1

(a) On Fig.6.1, draw an arrow to show the direction of the force exerted by the Sun on the
Earth. [1]

(b) Information about Earth and Venus is given in the table.

planet time for one orbit radius of orbit circumference of

in (Earth) years / million km orbit / million km

Venus 0.7 108 679

Earth 1.0 150 942

(i) Use the information in the table to show that Venus has a greater speed than Earth.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) As Earth and Venus move in their orbits, the distance between them changes.
Calculate the largest possible distance between them.

distance = ...................................... million km [1]

7 Fig.7.1 represents the motion of a car along a straight road. As the car approaches a small
town, it slows down. The car travels at a constant speed from the start of the town to the
end of the town. After passing through the town, the car speeds up.

30
speed
m/s car reaches car reaches
start of end of
20
town town

10

0
0 10 20 30
time / s

Fig.7.1

(a) (i) Determine the speed of the car in the town.

speed = ................................................. [1]

(ii) Determine the time taken by the car to pass through the town.

time taken = .......................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the distance travelled by the car in the town.

distance = .............................................. [1]

(b) The car accelerates after passing through the town.

Calculate the acceleration. Give the unit of your answer.

acceleration = ........................................ [3]

8 Fig.8.1 shows apparatus that demonstrates how a coin and a piece of paper fall from rest.

air resistance
piece of
piece of paper air resistance
paper
coin

weight
tube coin
containing
air

weight
A

Fig.8.1 Fig.8.2

At the positions shown in Fig.8.1, the coin and paper are falling through air in the tube. The
forces on them are shown in Fig.8.2. The length of an arrow indicates the size of each
force.

(a) State the initial value of the acceleration of the coin as it falls.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain how Fig.8.2 shows that

(i) the paper falls with constant speed,

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
(ii) the coin accelerates.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) A vacuum pump is connected to A and the air in the tube is removed.

The coin and paper fall differently in a vacuum from the way they fall in air.

State two of these differences.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

2. ......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]
 9 Two athletes, A and B, run a 100 m race. At time t = 0, a gun is fired to start the race.

Fig. 9.1 shows the distance-time graph for the two athletes.

120

B
100
A

80

distance /m

60

40
A

20 B

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
time / s

Fig. 9.1

(a) Describe the motion of athlete A during the first 8 s of the race.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) State the distance between the two athletes as the winner passes the 100 m mark.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Calculate the speed of athlete A between t = 4 s and t = 15 s.

speed = ................................................ [2]

 Section B

Answer two questions from this section.

Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided.

10 A train travels from one station to the next. It starts from rest at time t = 0 and accelerates
uniformly for the first 20 s. At t = 20 s it reaches its top speed of 25 m/s. It then travels at this speed
for a further 30 s before decelerating uniformly to rest. The total time for the journey is 60 s.

(a) (i) Sketch a speed-time graph for the motion of the train. Do not use graph paper. Put the
speed of the train on the y-axis and time along the x-axis. [3]
(ii) Write down the equation, in words, that relates acceleration, time and change in
velocity. [1]
(iii) Explain what is meant by a uniform acceleration. [1]
(iv) Use your graph to calculate the deceleration of the train as it comes to rest. [2]

(b) Several forces act on the train when it is moving.

(i) Name the horizontal and vertical forces that act on the train and give the direction of
each force. [4]
(ii) Explain whether the horizontal forces are balanced or unbalanced,
1. when the train accelerates,
2. when the train travels at constant speed,
3. when the train decelerates.
You may draw diagrams to help your explanations. [3]

(c) A second train has a non-uniform acceleration. Sketch a speed-time graph showing a
non-uniform acceleration. Do not use graph paper. [1]
11 Fig. 11.1 shows the horizontal forces acting on a moving car.

force A force B

Fig. 11.1
(a) Compare the sizes and directions of the two forces when the car is

(i) moving along a straight road at constant speed, [1]

(ii) accelerating. [1]

(b) Suggest the direction of the resultant force on the car when the car turns a corner at constant
speed. [1]

(c) Fig. 11.2 shows the speed-time graph for the first 24 s of the motion of the car along a straight
road.

20

18

16

speed 14
m/s
12

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
time /s
Fig. 11.2
(i) During the motion there is a period of uniform acceleration. State both the start and finish
times of this period. [1]

(ii) State the main energy changes that occur in the 24 s. [3]

(iii) Calculate the acceleration of the car during the first 5 s. State clearly the equation that
you use. [3]

(iv) Determine the distance travelled in the first 5 s. [3]

(d) The car is stopped by applying the brakes. Various factors can affect the distance travelled by
the car during the time that the brakes are applied. Apart from the force applied by the brakes,
state two of these factors. [2]
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