Basic Calculus

Quarter 3 – Module 11:

Implicit Differentiation
 What I Know

Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
𝑑𝑦
1. Given 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1, use implicit differentiation to find .
𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1
A. B. − C. − D.
4 4 3 3

𝑑𝑦
2. Solve for , given the function 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4 .
𝑑𝑥
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1

3. Find the derivative of 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2 .

3 2 3 4
A. − 2 B. C. D. −
3 4 3

4. What is the derivative of 4𝑦 − 5𝑥 = 3 ?

4 5 3 4
A. − 3 B. C. − D.
4 4 5

5. Evaluate the derivative of 6𝑦 − 8𝑥 = 7 .

3 2 3 4
A. − 2 B. C. − D.
3 4 3

𝑑𝑦
6. Determine the of the given function 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 = 10 .
𝑑𝑥
A. 2𝑦 B. 2𝑥 C. 4𝑥 D. 4𝑦

𝑑𝑦
7. With the given function 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 = 5 , find its .
𝑑𝑥
1 1 1 1
A. − B. C. − D.
2𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑥 2𝑥

8. Calculate the derivative of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 12 .

𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
A. − B. C. − D.
𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦

𝑑𝑦
9. Solve for , given the function 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 4 .
𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 3𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
A. − B. C. D. −
2𝑦 2𝑦 3𝑦 3𝑦

𝑑𝑦
10. Given 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 2 = 32 , solve for its .
𝑑𝑥
4𝑥+3 4𝑥+3 8𝑦 8𝑦
A. − B. C. D. −
8𝑦 8𝑦 4𝑥+3 4𝑥+3

11. What is the derivative of 𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 = 0 .

𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦 𝑒 𝑥𝑦
A. B. C. − D. −
1+𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 1+𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 1+𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦 1+𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦

2
 𝑑𝑦
12. Determine the of the given function 3𝑥 + sin (2𝑦) = 1 .
𝑑𝑥
3 3 2 2
A. − sec(2𝑦) B. sec(2𝑦) C. − sec(2𝑦) D. sec(2𝑦)
2 2 3 3

13. Differentiate the function ln(𝑦) + 3𝑥 = 𝑥 2 .

A. 2𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 B. −2𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 C. 3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 D. −3𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦

14. Provide the derivative of cos(𝑥𝑦) = 0 .

𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
A. B. − C. D. −
𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑦
15. Calculate the of the given function 𝑦 2 + sin (𝑦) = 𝑥 2 .
𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
A. − 2𝑦+COS(𝑦) B. C. D. −
2𝑦−COS(𝑦) 2𝑦+COS(𝑦) 2𝑦−COS(𝑦)

3
 Lesson

1 Implicit Differentiation

In Calculus, there are certain functions which are not explicitly defined, or it is not
clearly represented as 𝑥 or 𝑦. Due to this concern, it is somehow difficult to solve
such items. On this topic, a process of differentiation will be used for functions which
are implicitly defined or when its dependent and independent variables are written
in a mixed arrangement.

What’s In

Evaluate the derivatives of the following functions below. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 7

2. 𝑦 = cos(𝑥) + 4𝑥

3. 𝑦 = 6ln(𝑥 )

4. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑥 − 3

5. 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5)4

What’s New

Give the derivative of the following functions. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36
2. 𝑥𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3
3. 𝑒 𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 𝑥 2
4. sin(𝑦) + 5𝑥 = 10
5. 3 ln(𝑦) = 2𝑥

4
 What is It

• Explicit function – is a type of function wherein its arrangement clearly defines

that the 𝑦 variable is a function of 𝑥. Based on the observation; the 𝑦 variable is
isolated on the other side of the equation from the 𝑥 variable together with its
constants.

Example:
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 7

“y” variable “x” variable and constants

• Implicit function – is a type of function wherein its arrangement does not clearly
define that the 𝑦 variable is a function of 𝑥. Based on the observation; the
𝑦 variable is combined in the 𝑥 variable together with its constants.

Example:
𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 − 7𝑥 = 𝑥 2

“y”variable, “x” variable and constants were mixed in the equation

• Implicit differentiation – is the process of taking the derivative of an implicit

function.

Here are the steps in differentiating implicit functions.

1. Take the derivatives of the function on both sides of the equation with
respect to 𝑥 . Use the Chain rule of differentiation when taking the derivative
of the variable 𝑦.
𝑑𝑦
2. Then by using algebra, solve for
𝑑𝑥
.

The following are the examples with its procedure for you to clearly understand the
concept explained above.

1. Differentiate the expression 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 49 .

Solution:

Step 1: Take the derivative of both sides with respect to 𝑥.

𝑑 [𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ] 𝑑[49]
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

5
Step 2: Since the left side equation is a sum of two terms, apply the Sum rule of
differentiation by distributing the derivatives to both of them.
𝑑 (𝑥 2 ) 𝑑 (𝑦 2 ) 𝑑 (49)
+ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Step 3: Perform the differentiation process. Use the power rule of differentiation on
the first term, then use the Chain rule on the second term (keep in mind that
𝑑𝑦
whenever you are taking the derivative of the variable 𝑦 the answer is ) and
𝑑𝑥
lastly use the constant rule of differentiation on the third term.
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 ∙ ( )=0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
Step 4: Use algebraic manipulation to isolate on one side of the equation solely
𝑑𝑥
and the rest to the other side.

𝑑𝑦
Subtract −2𝑥 on both sides of 2𝑦 ∙ ( ) = −2𝑥
the equation 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 ∙ ( ) −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
=
Divide both sides by 2𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
=−
Final answer 𝑑𝑥 𝑦

2. Solve for the derivative of 𝑥𝑦 + sin(𝑦) = 1 .

Solution:
Step 1: Take the derivative of both sides with respect to 𝑥.

𝑑 [𝑥𝑦+sin(𝑦)] 𝑑 [1]
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Step 2: Since the left side equation is a sum of two terms, apply the Sum rule of
differentiation by distributing the derivatives to both of them.

𝑑 (𝑥𝑦) 𝑑 (sin 𝑦) 𝑑(1)

+ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

6
Step 3: Perform the differentiation process. Use the Product rule of differentiation on
the first term. Use the Chain rule of differentiation on the first term as well
whenever you are taking the derivative of the variable 𝑦 . Use the differentiation
rule for trigonometric function on the second term. Use the Chain rule of
differentiation on the second term as well whenever you are taking the
derivative of the variable 𝑦 and lastly use the constant rule of differentiation
on the third term.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥∙( ) + 𝑦 ∙ (1) + cos(𝑦) ∙ ( ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
Step 4: Use algebraic manipulation to isolate on one side of the equation solely
𝑑𝑥
and the rest to the other side.

Subtract 𝑦 on both sides of 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝑥∙( ) + cos(𝑦) ∙ ( ) = −𝑦
the equation. 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Factor out from both ( ) [𝑥 + cos(𝑦)] = −𝑦
𝑑𝑥
terms since they are common 𝑑𝑥
on the left side.
𝑑𝑦
( ) [𝑥 + cos(𝑦)] −𝑦
𝑑𝑥
=
[𝑥 + cos(𝑦)] [𝑥 + cos(𝑦)]
Divide both sides by
[𝑥 + cos(𝑦)].
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Final answer =−
𝑑𝑥 [𝑥 + cos(𝑦)]

3. Differentiate the expression cos −1 (𝑦) = 𝑥 2 .

Solution:

Step 1: Take the derivative of both sides with respect to 𝑥.

𝑑[cos−1(𝑦)] 𝑑[𝑥2 ]
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Step 2: Perform the differentiation process. Use the differentiation rule for inverse
trigonometric function on the left term. Use the Chain rule of differentiation on
the left term as well whenever you are taking the derivative of the variable 𝑦 .
Use the Power rule of differentiation on the right term. Use the Chain rule of
differentiation on the right term as well whenever you are taking the derivative
of the variable 𝑦.

1 𝑑𝑦
− ∙( ) = 2𝑥
√1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

7
 𝒅𝒚
Step 3: Use algebraic manipulation to isolate on one side of the equation solely
𝒅𝒙
and the rest to the other side.

1 𝑑𝑦
1 − ∙( )
Divide both sides by − to √1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 2𝑥
√1−𝑦2 =
𝑑𝑦 1 1
− −
isolate . √1 − 𝑦 2 √1 − 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥

Get the reciprocal of the 𝑑𝑦 √1 − 𝑦 2

= 2𝑥 ∙ (− )
denominator and proceed to 𝑑𝑥 1
multiplication.
𝑑𝑦
Final answer = −2𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥

4. Differentiate the expression ln(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 5 .

Solution:
Step 1: Take the derivative of both sides with respect to 𝑥.
𝑑[ln(𝑥+𝑦)] 𝑑[5]
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Step 2: Perform the differentiation process. Use the differentiation rule for natural
logarithm function on the left term. Use the Chain rule of differentiation on the
left term as well whenever you are taking the derivative of the variable 𝑦. Use
the Constant rule of differentiation on the right term.
1 𝑑𝑦
∙ (1 + ) = 0
(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
Step 3: Use algebraic manipulation to isolate on one side of the equation solely
𝑑𝑥
and the rest to the other side.
𝑑𝑦
Multiplying the numerator to 1+( )
𝑑𝑥
numerator and denominator =0
to denominator results to this 𝑥+𝑦
equation.
𝑑𝑦
1+( )
Multiplying both sides of the 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) ∙ = 0 ∙ (𝑥 + 𝑦 )
equation by (𝑥 + 𝑦) to remove 𝑥+𝑦
the denominator.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Isolate by subtracting 1 1+( )=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
from both sides.
𝑑𝑦
Final answer = −1
𝑑𝑥
8
 What’s More

Differentiate the following items below by completing the table. Copy the table and
write your answers on a sheet of paper.

A. 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 162

Steps Solution

𝑑 [_____] 𝑑[____]
1. Take the derivative of both sides =
with respect to 𝒙. 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. Since the left side equation is a

sum of two terms, apply the 𝑑(____) 𝑑 (____) 𝑑 (____)
Sum rule of differentiation by + =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
distributing the derivatives to
them.

3. Perform the differentiation

process. Use the Constant
multiple with Power rule of
differentiation on the first term,
then use the Constant multiple
with Chain rule on the second ____
term (keep in mind that (____𝑥 ) + (____ ∙ ) = (____)
𝑑𝑥
whenever you are taking the
derivative of the variable 𝑦 the
𝑑𝑦
answer is ). Lastly, use
𝑑𝑥
Constant rule of differentiation
on the third term.

4. Use algebraic manipulation to

𝒅𝒚 (Show your algebraic
isolate on one side of the
𝒅𝒙 manipulation/solution here)
equation solely and the rest to
the other side

𝑑𝑦 𝑥
5. Final answer =−
𝑑𝑥 𝑦

9
B. 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 = 13𝑥

Steps Solution
𝑑 [_____] 𝑑[____]
1. Take the derivative of both sides =
with respect to 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. Since the left side equation is a

sum and difference of three 𝑑 ( ___) 𝑑 ( ___) 𝑑 ( ___) 𝑑 ( ___)
terms, apply the Sum and + − =
Difference rule of differentiation 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
by distributing the derivatives to
them.

3. Perform the differentiation

process. Use the Constant
multiple rule of differentiation on
the first and last term, then use
____ ____
the Chain rule on the second (___𝑥 __ ) + (____ ∙ ) − (____ ∙ ) = (____)
and third term (keep in mind that 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
whenever you are taking the
derivative of the variable 𝑦 the
𝑑𝑦
answer is ).
𝑑𝑥

4. Use algebraic manipulation to

𝒅𝒚 (Show your algebraic
isolate on one side of the
𝒅𝒙 manipulation/solution here)
equation solely and the rest to
the other side.

𝑑𝑦 13 − 6𝑥 2
5. Final answer =
𝑑𝑥 2 − 6𝑦

10
C. cos(𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦

Steps Solution

𝑑 [_____] 𝑑[____]
1. Take the derivative of both =
sides with respect to 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. Perform the differentiation

process. Use the
differentiation rule for
trigonometric function on the
left term. Use the Chain rule of
differentiation on the left term
as well whenever you are ___ ___
(___) ∙ ( ) = (___) ∙ ( ) + (___) ∙ (___)
taking the derivative of the 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
variable 𝑦 . Use the Product
rule of differentiation on the
right term. Use the Chain rule
of differentiation on the right
term as well whenever you are
taking the derivative of the
variable 𝑦.

3. Use algebraic manipulation to

𝑑𝑦 (Show your algebraic
isolate on one side of the
𝑑𝑥 manipulation/solution here)
equation solely and the rest to
the other side.

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
4. Final answer =−
𝑑𝑥 [𝑥 + sin(𝑦)]

11
 What I Have Learned

Express what you have learned in this lesson by answering the questions below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Mention the difference between explicit and implicit functions. Briefly explain
your answer.

2. Aside from implicit differentiation, are there any other way of getting the
derivative of an implicit function? If yes, kindly mention the method and explain
why do you think this is not preferred over implicit differentiation?

3. How can we differentiate implicit function? Explain your answer briefly base on
your own understanding.

What I Can Do

Solve the given item below and write the answer on a separate sheet of paper.
𝑑2 𝑦
Find the second derivative ( ) of the function 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑦) = 𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥 2

12
 Assessment

Evaluate the derivatives of the following functions using implicit differentiation. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑦 2 + 4
1 1 1 1
A. − 3−2𝑦 B. C. − 2−3𝑦 D. − 2−3𝑦
3−2𝑦

2. 4𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 3𝑥 2
3𝑥+1 3𝑥+1 2𝑥+1 2𝑥+1
A. − B. C. − D.
2 2 3 3

3. 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 2 = 10
4𝑥−𝑦 4𝑥−𝑦 4𝑦−𝑥 4𝑦−𝑥
A. − B. C. − D.
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

𝑥
4. 𝑦 + = 𝑦2
2
1 1 1 1
A. − 4𝑦−2 B. C. − 2𝑦−4 D.
4𝑦−2 2𝑦−4

5. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 36
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
A. − 𝑦 B. C. − 𝑥 D.
𝑦 𝑥

6. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 = 7
2𝑥−3𝑦 2𝑥+3𝑦 2𝑥−3𝑦 −2𝑥−3𝑦
A. 3𝑥−1
B. 3𝑥−1
C. 3𝑥+1
D. 3𝑥−1

7. ln(3𝑦) + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 2
4𝑥𝑦 4𝑥𝑦 4𝑥𝑦 4𝑥𝑦
A. − B. C. D. −
2+𝑦 2 2+𝑦 2 1+2𝑦2 1+2𝑦 2

8. tan(𝑦) − 2𝑥𝑦 = 12
2𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦 2𝑦
A. − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)−2𝑦 B. − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑦)−2𝑥 C. D.
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)−2𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑦)−2𝑥

9. 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥
4 2 4 2
A. − 𝑒𝑦 −2𝑦 B. C. D. − 𝑒𝑦 −4𝑦
𝑒 𝑦 −4𝑦 𝑒 𝑦 −2𝑦

10. 4𝑥𝑦 = sin(4𝑥 )

cos(4𝑥)−𝑦 cos(4𝑥)−𝑦 cos(4𝑥)−𝑥 cos(4𝑥)−𝑥
A. − B. C. D.−
𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦

13
 11. sec (𝑦) + 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 2𝑥
2−2𝑥𝑦 2−2𝑥𝑦
A. C.
sec(𝑦) tan(𝑦)+𝑥 2 sec(𝑦) tan(𝑦)+𝑦 2

2−2𝑥𝑦 2−2𝑥𝑦
B. − sec(𝑦) tan(𝑦)+𝑥2 D. − sec(𝑦) tan(𝑦)+𝑦 2

12. 5𝑦 2 + 3e2x = 7𝑥
7−6𝑒 2𝑥 7−6𝑒 2𝑥 7+6𝑒 2𝑥 7+6𝑒 2𝑥
A. B. − C. D. −
10𝑦 10𝑦 10𝑦 10𝑦

13. ln(𝑥 ) + cot(𝑦) = 5

1 1 1 1
A. B. − 𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐2 (𝑦) C. D. − 𝑦𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑥)
𝑥𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑦) 𝑦𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (𝑥)

14. sin(𝑥𝑦) = 𝑥 2
2𝑥−𝑦 cos(𝑥𝑦) 2𝑥−𝑦 cos(𝑥𝑦)
A. − C.
𝑥 cos(𝑥𝑦) 𝑥 cos(𝑥𝑦)
2𝑦+𝑥 cos(𝑥𝑦) 2𝑦+𝑥 cos(𝑥𝑦)
B. D. − 𝑥 cos(𝑥𝑦)
𝑥 cos(𝑥𝑦)

15. sin−1 (𝑦) = 4𝑥

A. −4√1 − 𝑦 2 B. 4√1 + 𝑦 2 C. −4√1 + 𝑦 2 D. 4√1 − 𝑦 2

Additional Activities

Answer the item below on a separate sheet of paper.

Use implicit differentiation to determine the derivative of:

𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (𝑥𝑦 2 + 𝑦) = 2𝑥.

14
References
DepEd. 2013. Basic Calculus. Teachers Guide.
Lim, Yvette F., Nocon, Rizaldi C., Nocon, Ederlina G., and Ruivivar, Leonar A. 2016.
Math for Engagement Learning Grade 11 Basic Calculus. Sibs Publishing
House, Inc.
Mercado, Jesus P., and Orines, Fernando B. 2016. Next Century Mathematics 11
Basic Calculus. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

19
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