Lesson 16-18

LESSON 16: Soul making, Appropriation and Improvisation.

Soul-making: Making and Deriving Meaning from Art

In order for humans to make sense of language and derive meanings from words,
semantics, and grammatical rules, important elements are to be considered, context
and symbolism are also considered to interpret and analyze either verbal or written
words. When it comes to art, in order for people to make sense of the work, it would
require understanding the visual elements where art was grounded on especially the
principles of design.

Style refers to the distinctive handling of elements and media associated with the work
of an individual artist, a school, a movement, or a specific culture or time period.
Throughout history, there have been developments in art styles that depict different
and varied methods of expressions. Artwork also have certain form. This form is what
the audience sees- a finished product put harmoniously (or not) according to the
different principles of design. In essence, form is the totality of the artwork which
includes the textures, colors and shapes utilized by the artist. The content of the
artwork includes not only its form but also its subject matter and underlying meaning or
the design.

Major Points:
An alternative venue for knowing ourselves and looking into the depths and real
meaning of what we are doing for everyday life.
Form of crafting stories or transforming brief moments into images and symbols.
Connecting with people, understanding culture, and embodying tolerance and peace.
Develop the artist in us, awakening the art in us that has been stagnant or undeveloped
for numerous years.
· It opens door for multiple intelligences of expression
An exploration and application of the imagination in an active way.
In making art, an artist or artisan or even an ordinary person utilizes imagination to
survive and live.
Imagination is an important tool in developing an artwork.
· Where the substance and meaning of the artwork are formed.

· Varies from each individual with diverse experiences based on what are obtained
by the senses.

· It takes a special skill to hold an image in thought and turn that imagination into
art.

· Imagination is always dependent on the action and plays a major role in art
production.

· Soul making can be innate gift or a learned skill, or a combination of both.

· It does not require a professional artist or artisan to be involved.

· It has no time reference, it occurs anytime.

· It occurs where there is engagement among the person, time and space

Categories of soul making

Crafting Images:

Imaging or representing in any form, which may be through painting, sculpting,

drawing, storytelling, and poetry, dancing, composing or taking notes.

It is rooted in our own personal experiences, our personal encounters, and events that
triggered our reflection, recall, and judgment.

Crafting Stories:

The moment we write, engrave, and inscribe our own thoughts, ideas, commentaries,

Criticisms, and positive and negative emotions, we are crafting stories.

It becomes our own history that can be handed down to our children and family for the
succeeding generations.

Crafting Instruments:
An instrument maker is a bridge toward the unknown because the instrument produces
sounds that transcend our feelings, emotions, and sensation in another realm.

The soul is accompanied by a vessel so that the soul will not vanish.

Transforming any found or used object into a musical instrument allows one to discover
harmony and balance to produce a sound that is entertaining, enhancing, and magical.

Crafting Movements:

Life is full of movements, filled with various beats.

Life is full of flowing images accompanied by flowing narratives.

Everything we do in life is a performance, we perform life.

Crafting Techniques:

Anything can be crafted by using different evocative descriptions of experiences and

explorations, like photograph studies, puppets, and masks, constructions and notepad
studies
A framework for Genius

How to think like Leonardo Da Vinci (Michael Belb)

· Curiosity- Curious Approach to life and continuous learning

· Experiential- Participatory Learning: See and Do it yourself.

· Sensory- Sense It: See, Taste, Touch, Hear, Smell, and Feel It.

· Transfiguration-Willingness to embrace the unknown and change.

· Balancing Art & Science- Whole Brain thinking.

· Balancing Mind and Body- Cultivating grace, fitness and poise.

· Systems Thinking- Knowingness that all things are connected.

Appropriation

Appropriation in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no

transformation applied to them.[1] The use of appropriation has played a significant
role in the history of the arts (literary, visual, musical and performing arts). In the visual
arts, to appropriate means to properly adopt, borrow, recycle or sample aspects (or the
entire form) of human-made visual culture. Notable in this respect are the Readymade
of Marcel Duchamp.

Inherent in our understanding of appropriation is the concept that the new work re
contextualizes whatever it borrows to create the new work. In most cases the original
‘thing’ remains accessible as the original, without change. Appropriation of an art has
been a common practice throughout history.

Major Points.

· Ownership generally pertains to the general right of a person or an individual to

control an object purchased or in his possession.

· Copyright – the person who created the work – exclusive rights to reproduce, to
display publicly, to make and distribute copies, and to prepare derivative works based
on the original artwork, as well as to authorize those mentioned above.

· Purchase of a created work will merely result in the transfer of ownership but
the copyright will still remain with the creator. For buyer who paid for the work, the
buyer usually holds the copyright.

· Culture refers to a specific type or form of intellectual development. It also

means the customs, practices, perspectives, and even creations shared by a group of
people.

· Cultural Appropriation – as appropriation that occurs across the boundaries of

culture.

· A person with a certain culture takes objects created by a person or a group of

persons of another culture, and uses these objects as his or her own.
Types of Cultural appropriation.

Object Appropriation:

· Refers to appropriation of concrete and noticeable works of art.

· Happens when a tangible work previously owned by people from one culture
was taken and adopted by a person or a group of persons from another culture.

Content Appropriation:

· Adoption of works of art that are short stories, poetry, and musical
compositions.

· Happens when an intangible work previously expressed by people from one

culture was adopted and used by a person or a group of persons from another culture.

· Style Appropriation – Artist do not replicate works created by a person or group,

however, they use the elements of those works in creating their own.

· Motif Appropriation – happens when artist are inspired by the art from a
different culture, but they do not produce artworks using exactly the same style.

Subject Appropriation:

· Occurs when a subject matter from another culture is appropriated.

· Example would be a British writer creating a story about Pacific Islanders.

· his may happen in an offensive way.

· It could morally unacceptable.

Issues on Copyright, Appropriation, and Ownership.

Major Points:

· Legal systems remain strict on cases that can be considered violations on

copyright.

· An example would be the photo, featured rose gold dripping lips, posted on the
Kylie’s Lip Kit Instagram.

· Haggerty filed a lawsuit against Kylie cosmetics for an image showing fingers
colored with gold and the red lips.

Improvisation

It is the art of acting and reacting, in the moment, to one’s surroundings. This can
result in the invention of new thought patterns and/or new ways to act. This invention
cycle occurs more often when it is accompanied with a thorough and/or intuitive
understanding of the skills with which one is improvising. The proficiencies in
improvisation can apply to many different abilities or forms of communication, for
example, musical performances, cooking, presenting a speech, sales, personal or
romantic relationships, sports, flower arranging, martial arts, psychotherapy, the arts,
and in spiritual matters where one can derive an inspiration and support from higher
realms towards a foundational preparation through a clear and focused
extemporaneous thought and action.

The art of improvisation often focuses on bringing one’s personal awareness “into the
moment,” and on developing a profound understanding for the action one is
performing. This fusion of “awareness” and “understanding” brings the practitioner to
the point where he or she can act with a range of options that best fit the situation,
even if he or she has never experienced a similar situation. The study of the skills and
techniques of improvisation can strongly influence one’s competence in business,
personal life, and/or in the arts.

The mental and emotional state needed to practice the art of improvisation, also called
‘improv’, are very similar to the practice taught in the religious and philosophical art of
Zen, and many of the same concepts are used in both practices. Although it is not
necessary for the study and practice of either improvisation or Zen, the study of one
often gives new insight into the practice of the other. Keith Johnstone, a theatrical
improv teacher, often relates the two when teaching about improv.

Techniques of improvisation are widely trained in the entertainment arts, for example,
in music, theater and dance.

Art in Asia

The Met was founded on April 13, 1870, “to be located in the City of New York, for the
purpose of establishing and maintaining in said city a Museum and library of art, of
encouraging and developing the study of the fine arts, and the application of arts to
manufacture and practical life, of advancing the general knowledge of kindred subjects,
and, to that end, of furnishing popular instruction.” [1]
This statement of purpose has guided the Museum for over 140 years.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art collects, studies, conserves, and presents significant
works of art across all times and cultures in order to connect people to creativity,
knowledge, and ideas.

Major Points:

· The art and act of improvising or of composing, uttering, executing, or arranging

anything without previous preparation or producing something from whatever is
existing or available.

· In performing arts, improvisation is a very spontaneous performance without

specific or scripted preparation.

· In music, it engages creativity and imagination.

· In theater, a performer may play dramatic scenes without any written dialogue
and with minimal or no prearranged dramatic activity.

Skills and Techniques in Improvisation.

Major Points:

· Improvisation skills can apply to many diverse abilities or forms of

communication and expression across all disciplines.
· Improvisation techniques are widely utilized in training for the performing arts or
activities, particularly in music, theater, and dance.

· Extemporize or ad lib

· Playing it by ear, take it as it comes, and make it up as we go along

· Stop-Gap – improvisation intended to solve a problem on a temporary basis, and

the proper solution is unavailable. It applies in the field of engineering.

· Brainstorming – improvisational, group problem-solving technique in which any

and all ideas that a group member may have are permitted and encouraged to be
expressed. Regardless of actual practicality or importance.

· Thinking outside the box

Improvisation in Various Art Forms.

Improvisation can be:

· On the spot (at the moment)

· Off the cuff (impromptu)

It can take place more often if it is practiced as a means of encouraging artistic or

creative behavior.

Can be done when an individual or group is acting, dancing, singing, playing musical
instruments, talking, creating artworks, problem solving, or reacting at the moment and
in response to the stimulus of one’s immediate environment and inner feelings.
Music Improvisation:

· Creative activity of immediate musical composition, which combines performance

with communication of emotions and while simultaneously playing instrumental, as well
as spontaneous response to other musicians.

· Composing music on the fly.

· It can be a solo performance, or interpedently in ensemble with other players.

· Improvised freestyle rap is commonly practiced as part of a rappers’ creative

processes, as a finished product, spiritual event, and simply, for fun

Improvisational Theater:

· Improv or impro, it is the form of theater, often comedy, in which most or all of
what is performed is unplanned or unscripted.

· Created spontaneously by the performers.

· The dialogue, action, story and characters are created collaboratively by the
players as the improvisation unfolds in present time, without use of a previously
prepared, written script.

Dance Improvisation:
· Process of spontaneously creating movement.

· Facilitated through a variety of creative explorations, including body mapping

through levels, shape, and dynamic schema.

· It is a free, seemingly unstructured, less technically strict and impulsive form

that draws inspiration from everyday dance practices and influences.

· Not only into creating new movement, it is also defined as freeing the body from
habitual movement’s patterns.

Contact Improvisation:

· Form of improvised dancing that has been developing internationally since 1972.

· Involves exploration of one’s body in relationship to others by using the

fundamentals of sharing weight, touch, and movement awareness.

· Originated from the movement studies of Steve Paxton in the 1970s and
developed through the continued exploration of the Judson Dance Theater.

5 Rhythms in Contact Body Improvisation (in order)

· Flowing

· Staccato

· Chaos
· Lyrical

· Stillness

When danced in sequence, are known as a wave.

· Takes about an hour to dance

· Dance explores emotion, the cycle of life, the ego, relationships, and spiritual
vision.

5 Rhythms Map

· Exploring Embodiment (deep internal wisdom)

· Emotions (how to express emotions)

· Life Cycle (conditioning and relationships)

· Psyche (mirrors, ego)

· Archetypes (imitation of original)

Offer understanding of people’s innate powers – being, loving, knowing, seeing, and
healing

Third-World Improv
· First school in the Philippines dedicated to teaching the art and craft of
improvisational theater.

· Conducts classes and workshops on improvisational theater

· Set to equip people with the skills and mindset to jump in and do it anyway.

5 improv theater principles envisioned:

· Yes, and… (yes to the situation and build on it)

· Making your partner look good (no such thing as ‘laglagan’ or leaving people
hanging)

· Being average (doing your part genuinely and honestly and letting the scene
take off on its own)

· Active Listening (pay attention to what your scene partner is saying)

· Everything is a gift (an offer is you choose to accept it without judgment)

LESSON 17: Textile Art :Soul, dreams and imagination

Tnalak Process.

The T’boli are famous for their dream-inspired and spirit infused T’nalak weavings, but
also for their embroidery, brass casting and other crafts. T’nalak weaving is an artform
perfected over decades of practice by T’boli women, and only a handful of master
weavers can be considered true ‘dream weavers’, the works of whom are highly valued.
The T’nalak Dream Weavers website seeks to promote the fair trade of traditional arts
of the T’boli Tribe, located in Lake Sebu, in the Mindanao region of the Philippines.

The Story of T’nalak and the T’boli Tribe

T’nalak, a deep brown abaca-based cloth tie-dyed with intricate designs, is produced by
women of Mindanao’s T’boli Tribe. It is one of the best known cultural products of the
Philippines.

T’nalak production is a labour intensive process requiring a knowledge of a range of

skills learned from a young age by the women of the tribe. First, abaca fiber is stripped
from the abaca tree, cleaned, dried and separated into strands. These strands are then
carefully selected, hand tied and rolled into balls. Natural vegetable dyes produced by
the T’boli weavers themselves are used to stain these hand spun abaca fibers. The
T’nalak is then woven, usually in tones of red, brown and black, with the end product
requiring months of work to produce a single, unique weaving.

(Above, from left, a T’boli master weaver engaged in weaving; showing the source of
dye for yellow thread; preparing a completed weaving for shining using a large
seashell)

T’nalak has great significance for the T’Boli. According to T’boli tradition, the T’nalak
designs have been passed down through generations and come to the best weavers in
dreams, brought to them by their ancestors. T’nalak weavings are one of the
traditional properties exchanged at the time of marriage and is used as a covering
during birth to ensure a safe delivery. The T’Boli believe that the T’nalak is infused with
spiritual meaning, and as such there are a variety of traditions surrounding its
production and use. One should not step over a weaving in progress, and doing so is
to risk illness. Cutting the cloth will cause sickness or death, unless done according to
traditions. If a weaving is sold, a brass ring is often attached to appease the spirits.
And while weaving a T’nalak, T’boli women practice abstinence in order to maintain the
purity of their art.

The T’boli have a variety of other traditional products. The skills inherent in production
of these T’boli products are highly valued, and as such many women learn each from
their mothers and grandmothers. The T’boli are excellent embroiderers and brass
casters, with their products prized well beyond the borders of their community. T’boli
jackets are a sought after fashion accessory with high society women in Manila, for
example. They also are known for their bead jewelry and wood carving. Rounding out
these cultural practices are a rich tradition of dancing, singing and instrument playing,
and T’boli musicians and dancers have performed at major events around the world.

(Above, from left, T’boli women in the chapel of the Santa Cruz Mission school, wearing
traditional embroidered clothing; T’boli brass casting; embroidered vestments prepared
for the local priests)

PisSiyabit or PisSyabit is the prized handwoven cloth of the Tausugs of Sulu. Usually
used as head covering, it is made from cotton or silk, square in shape and provided
with geometric patterns.

It can also be worn on the shoulder, knotted around the hilt of the sword, or tied
around the head among the Tausug men. PisSiyabit is usually seen being worn during
weddings and other Tausug occasions as a symbol of colorful history and rank.

In modern times, pissiyabit is also used to decorate households such as frames,

curtains, and as giveaways.

TOPIC 18: The development of the Philippine art.

Pre-colonial period.(6185 BC- 1520 AD)

· AGE OF HORTICULTURE/ NEOLITHIC PERIOD (6185 to 4,400 BC)

· METAL AGE (3190 to 190 BC)

· IRON AGE (200 BC TO 1000 BC)

· Local communities are being established and art starts to go beyond mere craft,
i.e. stone weapons or jewelry but starts to have decorative elements, meaning and
context

Old Stone Age (Paleolithic)

Espinosa Ranch Site, Cagayan 16000-8000 BC

The proof of earliest man’s presence was recovered from a ranch site in Cagayan
Province-two flake tools dated about .9 million years, the oldest man-made object
associated with the fossils of a proboscidean, a prehistoric elephant. Other flake tools
are recovered in Tabon Caves, Palawan and some stone tools in Bolobok Cave, Sanga-
Sanga in Tawi-Tawi.

Notable art Pieces/Art works.

Shell Bracelets and Pendants (Neolithic)

· Cagayan, Palawan, and Sorsogon 4854 BC

· Shells were fashioned into tools, as well as ornaments. The oldest known
ornaments made from cone shells were found in the early 1960’s in the grave of an
adult male in Duyong Cave in Palawan. A shell disk with a hole in the

· Center was found next to his right ear and a disk with a hole by the edge was
found on his chest. The shell ornaments were dated 4854 B.C.

Agono Petroglyphs are oldest known work of art in the Philippines located in the
province of Rizal. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the Rockwall.

Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD)

Duyong Cave, Palawan

A kind of ear pendant fashioned from green nephrite (jade) is the characteristic trait of
the Early Metal Age. One of the finest jade ornaments found to date is the double-
headed pendant recovered from Duyong Cave, Palawan. It is an example of the superb
craftsmanship of ancient carving in jade.

Manunggul Jar

Burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in Manunggul cave of Tabon Caves at
Lipuun Point at Palawan dating from 890–710 B.C.

Some important works.

Maitum Jar

(Metal Age: 190 BC to 500 AD)

In 1991, the National Museum archaeological team discovered anthropomorphic
secondary burial jars in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani Province.

The center graphic is a watercolor image from the Boxer Codex, published c.
1590. The rare publication helped date and ID many pieces that were discovered in
Surigao.

Surigao gold objects’ date- stamp could be placed in the span of the 10 th to the 13th
centuries, A.D., pre-Hispanic era.

Pre-Colonial art forms.

· Pre-colonial traditional art have religious symbols, every day activity

such as fishing, farming, etc., or a specific decorative art pattern to the
community
· It has either the influence of local religion (animistic) orIslamic based

· There is also an exchange of art aesthetics and art processes with the Chinese
and other Asian countries who frequents as traders with our indigenous groups.

Baybayin

A Tagalog ancient script also known in Visayan as badlit, derived from Brahmic scripts
of India and first recorded in the 16th century. It continued to be used during the
Spanish colonization of the Philippines up until the late 19 th century.

Other Pre-colonial arts.

· Pottery

· Weaving

· Tattoo

· Jewelry

· Carving

· Metal Crafts
Unchanged Art Design that still exist.
· The Okir (motif) is an artistic cultural heritage of the Maranaos of Lanao,
Philippines.

· It is as an artistic design of the Maranao native inhabitants of southern

Philippines beginning from the early 6th Century C.E. before the Islamization of the
area.

· Okir is a design or pattern often rendered or curved in hardwood, brass, silver

and wall painting in curvilinear lines and Arabic geometric figures.

Patterns of Okir.
In the book of Dr. NagasuraMadale, it explains that the Okir has patterns which are
used by the Maranao artists

· Matilak (circle)

· Poyok (bud)

· Dapal (leaf)

· Pako (fern or spiral form)

· Todi (fern leaf with spiral at upper edge)

· Pakolungat (fern leaf with a cut at one edge)

Another elements found Dr. Madale are: Naga, obid-obidbinotoon, kianoko, pakonai
and tialitali.
Common themes of the Okir.

• Toroganknown as the flower symbol of the ancestral home of the highest

titleholder in a Maranao village. The prominent part is panolong, carved beam that
protrudes in the front of the house, it symbolizes power and prestige.

• Nāgaor serpent

• Sarimanok, a chicken-like figure that carries a fish in its beak.

Modern Interpretation of the Okir rendered In an Art.

Sarimanok and Fish Abdulmari Asia Imao National Artist for Painting Acrylic on Canvas
24” x 24” (2011)

Spanish Colonial Art period. (1521-1898)

· Introduced formal Painting, Sculpture and Architecture which was inspired by

the Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque and Rococo art styles.

· Most art works are Religious (Catholic) based

· Art works bear the Philippine themed décor even with Spanish influence

Spanish Art Aesthetics As adopted by Filipino Artist.

Figure 5Byzantine Painting Style:Attributed to Maître à la Ratière, Battle of Marignano,
1515

Figure 4Filipino Interpretation:Esteban Villanueva, Basi Revolt, 1821 (1 of 14

paintings)

Figure 6Langit, Lupa at ImpiernoJosef Luciano Dans ca. 1850

Figure 7Byzantine frescoes 11th–12th-century Church of PanayiaPhorviotissa

Byzantine art are artistic products of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, as well as
the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire. These are more
Christian based art.

Figure 8Filipino interpretation: Miagao Church also known as the Sto. Tomas de
Villanueva Parish Church Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines

Figure 9Baroque Aesthetics: Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Murcia, Spain

The Baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated
motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and
grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, theater, and music.

Rococo Art originated in early 18th century Paris, is characterized by whimsical, curvy
lines and elaborately decorative style of art, whose name derives from the French
word ‘rocaille’ meaning,rock-work after the forms of seashells.

Spanish Colonialism Lives on with the Filipino Antique Furniture and carving design.
Uprising of the Philippine artist.

• In the formation of the elite Filipino class, the Ilustrado, paved way for the rich
locals to study abroad, a more “academic” and “western” approach has been learned.

• The Filipino Classicism is formed that borrows the Neo- Classicism,

Romanticism and even a hint of Impressionism
The Father of Filipino Painting: Damian Domingo

• First Filipino to paint his face, the first Self-Portrait in the Philippines

• Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in

the Philippines (1821)

• One of the known artist of the decorative art illustrations tipos del
paiswatercolor paintings that depict local costumes. It also became an album of
different native costumes.
Juan Luna Y Novicio.

• Juan Luna y Novicio was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist of
the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century.

• His Spoliarium won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts
Felix Ressureccion Hidalgo.

• One of the greatest Filipino painters along with fellow painter Juan Luna in the
th
19 century

• His work has a touch of Romanticism and aesthetics of the Neoclassicism

Two Filipino Art styles developed during the Spanish period.

• Miniaturismoart style that pays attention to the embroidery and texture of the
costume.
• Letras y Figurasart style that fuses letters with figures in every day activity amidst
a common background. Usually used in painting a patron’s full name.

American Colonial art Period (1898-1946)

• The American brought in Education and Value Formation, with both following
the “American way of life” (Alice Guillermo, Sining Biswal, 1994, p. 4)

• Art Illustration, Advertising and Commercial Design gained popularity and

incorporated in Fine Arts.
• Painting themes still largely favored Genre Paintings, Landscapes and Still Life;
Portraits are reserved for high ranking officials with a more academic approach to make
the subject more formal.

Figure 10Neoclassicism in Philippine Architecture

Popular Art styles During Philippine Colonial American period.

Figure 11Neoclassicism in Architecture in the white house

Art Nouveau – a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western
Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I and characterized by intricate
linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms.

Also called style modern, movement in the

Decorative arts and architecture that originated in the 1920s and developed into a
major style in Western Europe and the United States during the 1930s. It characterized
by simple, clean shapes, often with a “streamlined” look; ornament that is geometric or
stylized from representational forms; and unusually varied, often expensive materials,
Notable Artist.

Fabian Dela Rosa.

• The brightest name in Philippine painting after Luna and certainly the leading
Master of Genre in the first quarter of the century.

• His nephews are artist, Pablo and Fernando Amorsolo.

Fernando Amorsolo.

• a portraitist and painter of rural landscapes. He is best known for his

craftsmanship and mastery in the use of light.
• His art styles: Impressionism, Luminism, Realism with subjects inspired by
Philippine genre and historical, nudes and society portraits

• First awardee of the National Artist Award in 1972

Emergence of the Filipino Pre-modern Art: Triumvirate of Philippine modern art.

• VictorioEdades

• Carlos “Botong” Francisco

• Galo B. Ocampo

Introduced the Modern Art styles such as pop art, maximalism, minimalism,
abstraction, expressionism, constructivism, magic realism, and environmental art
before the World War II
Post-Colonial Art. (1946-1986)

• Philippine Modern Art (1946 – 1970)

The study of determining what is Philippine Contemporary Art Period is still being
determined since the word has been used loosely used even during the American
Colonial Period. However, some Philippine art historians/critics has always been a
follower of the Western Art Style and its trends at that point and thus, suggested that
this was actually the point where Philippine Modern Art Period started but went only full
swing only after the war. This is set by the creation of the Art Association of the
Philippines (AAP) that in a way has a strong leaning with the Modernist than the
Conservatives (the traditional art also termed as the Amorsolo School).

The support of the Philippine Government for the arts via the creation of the Cultural
Center of the Philippines during 1969, gave a venue for all artist to experiment and
explore different art medium tying closely to the Post Modern Art Period of the West
with Pop Art, Installation Art, Performance Art, dominating the scene. In contrast, social
realism became a heavy theme by most Filipino Artist as a social commentary of the
problem brewing in the Philippine political and social landscape.

It was on the on-set of the sudden rise of personal computers and new technology
created a new art medium for the arts and human expression. But there were also
countless revivals of old styles being done. This started a new direction for the arts
thus, setting the name, momentarily, the Philippine Contemporary Period.

Postmodern art aesthetic.

• Postmodern art is a body of art movements that sought to contradict some

aspects of modernism or some aspects that emerged or developed in its aftermath.

• In general, movements such as intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and

multimedia, particularly involving video are described as postmodern.

Contemporary art Characteristics.

• Contemporary art as the work of artists who are living in the 21 st century.
• Contemporary art mirrors contemporary culture and society, offering the
general audiences a rich resource through which to consider current ideas and rethink
the familiar.

• The work of contemporary artists is a dynamic combination of materials,

methods, concepts, and subjects that challenges traditional boundaries and defies easy
definition.

• Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art is distinguished by the very lack of a

uniform organizing principle, ideology, or – ism.

• In a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world,

contemporary artists give voice to the varied and changing cultural landscape of
identity, values, and beliefs.

• Contemporary audiences play an active role in the process of constructing

meaning about works of art. Some artists often say that the viewer contributes to or
even completes the artwork by contributing his or her personal reflections, experiences,
and opinions.

New Term: Alter modernism.

An attempt at contextualizing art made in today’s global context as a reaction against

standardization and commercialism.

Artists are looking for a new modernity that would be based on translation: What
matters today is to translate the cultural values of cultural groups and to connect them
to the world network. This “reloading process” of modernism according to the twenty-
first-century issues could be called alter modernism, a movement connected to the
creolization of cultures and the fight for autonomy, but also the possibility of producing
singularities in a more and more standardized world.
Alter modern can essentially be read as an artist working in a hypermodern world or
with super modern ideas or themes.

Alter modernism.

The title of the Tate Britain’s fourth Triennial exhibition last 2009 curated by Nicolas
Bourriaud

The Tate exhibition includes a series of four one-day events (called “Prologues”), aiming
to “introduce and provoke debate” around the Triennial’s themes.

Each Prologue includes lectures, performances, film and a manifesto text and attempts
to define what the curator sees as the four main facets of Altermodern
1. The end of postmodernism
2. Cultural hybridization
3. Travelling as a new way to prod forms[clarification needed]
4. The expanding formats of art